Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8409 Author: DeCusatis, C. Year: 2017 Title: 1 - Data center architectures Book Title: Optical Interconnects for Data Centers Publisher: Woodhead Publishing Pages: 3-41 Short Title: 1 - Data center architectures ISBN: 978-0-08-100512-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100512-5.00001-2 Keywords: Data center architecture enterprise client-server peer-to-peer cloud Ethernet SDN Abstract: Abstract Data centers house the computational power, storage, networking, and software applications that form the basis of most modern business, academic, and government institutions. This chapter provides an overview of data center fundamentals, with particular emphasis on the role of optical data networking. The chapter begins with an introduction and brief history of data center design, followed by a discussion of environmental considerations including raised floors, fire suppression, energy consumption, and the role of containerized data centers. Industry standard data center classification tiers are presented. Application architectures are discussed, including client-server, peer-to-peer, high performance computing, and cloud computing infrastructure-as-a-service architectures. The physical architectures of Ethernet networked data centers are presented, including Layer 2 and Layer 3 design considerations (alternatives including Fibre Channel storage networks and InfiniBand are briefly mentioned). Network protocols are discussed, including ECMP, STP, transparent interconnect for lots of links (TRILL), shortest path bridging (SPB), and others, in the context of top-of-rack, middle-of-rack, leaf-spine, spline, and other topologies. Design considerations are discussed, including agility, flattened converged networks, virtualization, latency, oversubscription, energy efficiency, scalability, security, availability, and reliability (including database availability constructs). Finally, future design considerations for next generation data centers are presented, including software designed data centers, and the role of optical interconnects is presented, including industry roadmaps. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081005125000012 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9207 Author: Lewis, G. A., Muccini, H., Rosenblum, D., Gray, J., Nagappan, N. and Shihab, E. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: 1st International workshop on the engineering of mobile-enabled systems (MOBS 2013) Conference Name: 2013 35th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) Pages: 1533-1534 Date: 18-26 May 2013 Short Title: 1st International workshop on the engineering of mobile-enabled systems (MOBS 2013) ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.2013.6606773 Keywords: Conferences Educational institutions Mobile communication Mobile computing Smart phones Software engineering BYOD cloud computing mobile systems mobile-enabled systems pervasive computing software architecture systems architecture ubiquitous computing Abstract: Mobile-enabled systems make use of mobile devices, RFID tags, sensor nodes, and other computing-enabled mobile devices to gather contextual data from users and the surrounding changing environment. Such systems produce computational data that can be stored and used in the field, shared between mobile and resident devices, and potentially uploaded to local servers or the cloud — a distributed, heterogeneous, context-aware, data production and consumption paradigm. Mobile-enabled systems have characteristics that make them different from traditional systems, such as limited resources, increased vulnerability, performance and reliability variability, and a finite energy source. There is significantly higher unpredictability in the execution environment of mobile apps. This workshop brings together experts from the software engineering and mobile computing communities — with notable participation from researchers and practitioners in the field of distributed systems, enterprise systems, cloud systems, ubiquitous computing, wireless sensor networks, and pervasive computing — to share results and open issues in the area of software engineering of mobile-enabled systems. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8197 Author: Holthaus, Patrick, Hermann, Thomas, Wrede, Sebastian, Wachsmuth, Sven and Wrede, Britta Year: 2016 Title: 1st international workshop on embodied interaction with smart environments (workshop summary) Conference Name: Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction Conference Location: Tokyo, Japan Publisher: ACM Pages: 589-590 DOI: 10.1145/2993148.3007628 Place Published: 3007628 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8843 Author: Medvidovic, N., Malek, S., Mirakhorli, M. and Garcia, J. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: 1st International Workshop on Establishing the Community-Wide Infrastructure for Architecture-Based Software Engineering (ECASE 2017) Conference Name: 2017 IEEE/ACM 1st International Workshop on Establishing the Community-Wide Infrastructure for Architecture-Based Software Engineering (ECASE) Pages: 1-1 Date: 22-22 May 2017 Short Title: 1st International Workshop on Establishing the Community-Wide Infrastructure for Architecture-Based Software Engineering (ECASE 2017) DOI: 10.1109/ECASE.2017.9 Keywords: Computer architecture Maintenance engineering Software architecture Software systems Tools Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. ECASE 2017 Workshop Summary. Software architecture plays an important role in facilitating the maintenance of a software system. Over the past two decades, software architecture research has yielded many different tools and techniques for understanding and maintaining the architectures of large, complex software systems. However, empirical research and technology transfer are impeded by myriad disjoint research and development environments, lack of a shared infrastructure, high initial costs associated with developing robust tools, and a lack of datasets needed to conduct empirical research in this domain. ECASE gathers researchers and practitioners from two areas - software architecture and empirical software engineering - to explore the issues at the intersection of these areas and identify plausible solutions that jointly move both areas forward. The overall objective of ECASE is to collaboratively elicit requirements, propose a design for, and determine the foundation of potential infrastructures and instruments that would support empirical research in the domain of architecture-based software development and maintenance. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7893 Author: Wnuk, Krzysztof and Axelsson, Jakob Year: 2015 Title: 1st International Workshop on Software Architecture Asset Decision-Making (SAADM) Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-3 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797482 Place Published: 2797482 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8071 Author: Campbell, P. R. J., Ahmed, Faheem, Bosch, Jan and Jansen, Slinger Year: 2010 Title: 2nd International Workshop on Software Ecosystems (EcoSys) Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 63-64 DOI: 10.1145/1842752.1842771 Place Published: 1842771 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8661 Author: James, Kevin Year: 2000 Title: 3 - Sensors and interfacing Book Title: PC Interfacing and Data Acquisition Place Published: Oxford Publisher: Newnes Pages: 71-130 Short Title: 3 - Sensors and interfacing ISBN: 978-0-7506-4624-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-075064624-6/50003-1 Abstract: Publisher Summary Sensors are the primary input element involved in reading physical quantities into a data acquisition and control (DA&C) system. They are generally used to measure analogue signals although the term `sensor' does in fact encompass some digital devices, such as proximity switches. This chapter discusses the attributes of sensors, actuators, signal conditioning, and digitization circuitry that have a direct bearing on software design. Most types of sensor operate in a purely analogue manner, converting the measurand to an equivalent analogue signal. The sensor output generally takes the form of a change in some electrical parameter such as voltage, current, capacitance or resistance. Sensor characteristics cannot be considered in isolation. Sensors are often closely coupled to their signal-conditioning circuits and one must, therefore, also take into account the performance of this component when designing a DA&C system. Signal-conditioning and digitization circuitry can play an important role in determining the characteristics of the measuring system as a whole. Although signal-conditioning circuits can introduce undesirable properties of their own, such as noise or drift, they are usually designed to compensate for inadequacies in the sensor's response. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780750646246500031 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8599 Author: Kapur, Tina, Egger, Jan, Damato, Antonio, Schmidt, Ehud J. and Viswanathan, Akila N. Year: 2012 Title: 3-T MR-guided brachytherapy for gynecologic malignancies Journal: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volume: 30 Issue: 9 Pages: 1279-1290 Date: 11// Short Title: 3-T MR-guided brachytherapy for gynecologic malignancies ISSN: 0730-725X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2012.06.003 Keywords: Brachytherapy Segmentation Bias correction MR susceptibility artifact Visualization Registration Abstract: Gynecologic malignancies are a leading cause of death in women worldwide. Standard treatment for many primary and recurrent gynecologic cancer cases includes external-beam radiation followed by brachytherapy. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is beneficial in diagnostic evaluation, in mapping the tumor location to tailor radiation dose and in monitoring the tumor response to treatment. Initial studies of MR guidance in gynecologic brachytherapy demonstrate the ability to optimize tumor coverage and reduce radiation dose to normal tissues, resulting in improved outcomes for patients. In this article, we describe a methodology to aid applicator placement and treatment planning for 3 Tesla (3-T) MR-guided brachytherapy that was developed specifically for gynecologic cancers. This methodology has been used in 18 cases from September 2011 to May 2012 in the Advanced Multimodality Image Guided Operating (AMIGO) suite at Brigham and Women's Hospital. AMIGO comprises state-of-the-art tools for MR imaging, image analysis and treatment planning. An MR sequence using three-dimensional (3D)-balanced steady-state free precession in a 3-T MR scanner was identified as the best sequence for catheter identification with ballooning artifact at the tip. 3D treatment planning was performed using MR images. Items in development include software designed to support virtual needle trajectory planning that uses probabilistic bias correction, graph-based segmentation and image registration algorithms. The results demonstrate that 3-T MR image guidance has a role in gynecologic brachytherapy. These novel developments have the potential to improve targeted treatment to the tumor while sparing the normal tissues. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0730725X12002019 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8426 Author: Zhu, Hong Year: 2005 Title: 4 - Software Architecture Book Title: Software Design Methodology Place Published: Oxford Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann Pages: 73-110 Short Title: 4 - Software Architecture ISBN: 978-0-7506-6075-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-075066075-4/50007-8 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the notion of software architecture and architectural styles and discusses its role in software design. Software architecture is an abstract representation, or model, of a software system in terms of a structure that consists of a collection of elements together with the relationships among them to achieve software design purposes and to manifest a certain set of design properties of the system. It plays three fundamental roles in software design—it is a language that facilitates the communications among stakeholders, it is a model of the system that manifests early design decisions, and it is a notation that represents transferable knowledge of a system at an abstract level. An architectural style defines a family of systems in terms of a pattern of structural organizations. For many styles, there may also be one or more semantic models that specify a system's overall properties from the properties of its parts. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780750660754500078 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8617 Author: Zhu, Hong Year: 2005 Title: 7 - Using Styles in Design Book Title: Software Design Methodology Place Published: Oxford Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann Pages: 173-198 Short Title: 7 - Using Styles in Design ISBN: 978-0-7506-6075-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-075066075-4/50010-8 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the use of architectural styles in software design. It presents a set of design rules to provide guidelines for the choices of architectural styles. Making several designs in different styles and then comparing them in depth is a good idea for making a good design. Architectural styles can be combined together to make an architectural design. There are three different forms of heterogeneous styles. Hierarchical heterogeneity means a component is in an architectural style different from the whole system's style. Simultaneous heterogeneity is when a system can be regarded as two architectural styles at the same time depending on the view to the system. Locational heterogeneity is when a part of the system can be regarded as in one style while another part is in a different style. Combination of architectural styles in one design plays a significant role in software design practices. The chapter also presents several quality attributes to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the designs. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780750660754500108 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9228 Author: Tilley, S. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: 8th international workshop on graphical documentation: SOA-based systems Conference Name: 2012 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference Pages: 1-2 Date: 8-10 Oct. 2012 Short Title: 8th international workshop on graphical documentation: SOA-based systems ISBN: 2158-091X DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.2012.6408641 Keywords: Graphical documenation Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) software views Abstract: Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a way of designing, developing, deploying, and managing enterprise systems where business needs and technical solutions are closely aligned. SOA-based systems can be large and complex, so the role of documentation as a means of communicating information about them is very important. This workshop will explore the current state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice in documenting SOA-based systems, leveraging work such as the “Views and Beyond” approach to documenting software architecture from Carnegie Mellon University's Software Engineering Institute. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8632 Author: Robinson, John A. Year: 2004 Title: 9 - Design methodology Book Title: Software Design for Engineers and Scientists Place Published: Oxford Publisher: Newnes Pages: 235-243 Short Title: 9 - Design methodology ISBN: 978-0-7506-6080-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-075066080-8/50009-8 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the overall shape of design methodology suitable for scientific and engineering programming. The earliest and simplest model for structuring the design process is linear, consisting of steps such as problem identification; problem statement with design criteria; specification of requirements; ideation: devising possible solutions; feasibility analysis; optimization; selection of solution; detailed design; implementation; testing; release; and maintenance. Another model, the Cyclic model, can also be used for structuring design methodology. A cyclic model can emphasize the hierarchical nature of complex designs, where decomposition into subproblems is one level, and solution of each subproblem follows the same sequence of steps but at a lower level. Other models of design methodology include the waterfall model and spiral model. A linear/all-at-once methodology is presented in the chapter. The steps involved in the software design methodology include understanding the problem, researching possible solutions, modularization, programming, and testing. Each of these steps in the design process is, to some extent, the generation of a solution. Understanding a problem may go a significant way towards solving it. Researching possible solutions provides the insight to make the right choices in the final design. Modularization and programming have good claims to being the “problem solving” step because they determine the shape of the program. And testing is fundamentally linked to the problem statement and the implementation that it has a causal role in reaching the final solution. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780750660808500098 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8422 Author: Laurini, Robert Year: 2017 Title: 10 - Geographic Applicative Rules Book Title: Geographic Knowledge Infrastructure Publisher: Elsevier Pages: 195-222 Short Title: 10 - Geographic Applicative Rules ISBN: 978-1-78548-243-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-78548-243-4.50010-4 Keywords: Exceptions Geographic Applicative Rules Global rules Information technology Local rules Rule language Rules indexing Stakeholders Street naming Abstract: Abstract: According to rules (business rules) should be considered as first-class citizens in computer science. In enterprises, the “craft” of expert know-how is capitalized in an information system in the form of “business” rules. These rules can then be explained and implemented in applications such as business intelligence in software architectures integrated type ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) or not. For example, the SAP-integrated software package is based on a declarative formalism for the description of the job tasks with lists of rules, such as “automobile insurance does not cover drivers who have been recognized guilty of driving while intoxicated over the past two years”, or “when monthly invoices are sent, the supplementary documents that match the profile of the client should be included”. On the other hand, the explanation and the formalization of business rules is still a hot topic as a new standard from the OMG was issued in September 2015 entitled Decision Model and Notation. The objective is to provide a language of formalization of business rules including those exploited in the decision-making process (OMG - DMN 2015). URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781785482434500104 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8495 Author: Thalmann, Daniel Year: 1993 Title: 11 - Using Virtual Reality Techniques in the Animation Process A2 - Earnshaw, R.A Editor: Gigante, M. A. and Jones, H. Book Title: Virtual Reality Systems Place Published: Boston Publisher: Academic Press Pages: 143-159 Short Title: 11 - Using Virtual Reality Techniques in the Animation Process A2 - Earnshaw, R.A ISBN: 978-0-12-227748-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-227748-1.50019-6 Abstract: Abstract This paper tries to find the various functions involved in an animation system and how virtual reality techniques and multimedia input could play a role. A classification of VR-based methods is proposed: real-time rotoscopy methods, real-time direct metaphors and real-time recognition-based metaphors. Several examples are presented: 3D shape creation, camera motion, body motion control, hand animation, and facial animation. The hardware and software architecture of our animation system is also described. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780122277481500196 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8515 Author: Robinson, John A. Year: 2004 Title: 14 - Testing Book Title: Software Design for Engineers and Scientists Place Published: Oxford Publisher: Newnes Pages: 298-309 Short Title: 14 - Testing ISBN: 978-0-7506-6080-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-075066080-8/50014-1 Abstract: Testing has four roles in software design:u ⊙ finding faults ⊙ assessing performance ⊙ discovering behaviour ⊙ driving code development. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780750660808500141 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9450 Author: Hong, Mei Year of Conference: 2004 Title: ABC: supporting software architectures in the whole lifecycle Conference Name: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods, 2004. SEFM 2004. Pages: 342-343 Date: 28-30 Sept. 2004 Short Title: ABC: supporting software architectures in the whole lifecycle DOI: 10.1109/SEFM.2004.1347538 Keywords: middleware object-oriented programming software architecture software maintenance software reusability Architecture Based Component Composition architectural description bottom-up approach component based software development component composition component-based reuse middleware infrastructures software lifecycle top-down approach Computer architecture Computer science Connectors Costs Object oriented modeling Runtime Software systems Abstract: How to compose prefabricated components is a key issue in component-based reuse. Research on software architecture (SA) and component based software development (CBSD) provides two hopeful solutions from different perspectives. SA provides a top-down approach to realizing component-based reuse, but doesn't pay enough attention to the refinement and implementation of the architectural descriptions, thus not fully able to automate the transformation or composition to form an executable application. CBSD provides a bottom-up way by using existing middleware infrastructures, but this technology is not able to guide systematically the CBSD process, especially the component composition at higher abstract levels. Naturally, a promising solution is to combine the above two approaches to realize component-based reuse. From the above discussion, we argue that SA should play a centric role in the whole software lifecycle, that is, SA description is used as the blueprint and middleware technology as the runtime scaffold for component composition, maintenance and evolution. To demonstrate the philosophy, we propose a software reuse methodology, which is called ABC (Architecture Based Component Composition) (Mei et al., 2001). ABC introduces software architectures into each phase of software life cycle, takes SA as the blueprint of system development, shortens the distance between high-level design and implementation by supporting tools and mapping mechanisms, realizes the automated system composition and deployment on runtime component operating platforms, and makes architecture available at runtime for software maintenance and evolution. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8311 Author: Baechler, Andreas, Kurtz, Peter, Hoerz, Thomas, Kruell, Georg, Baechler, Liane and Autenrieth, Sven Year: 2015 Title: About the development of an interactive assistance system for impaired employees in manual order picking Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference Location: Corfu, Greece Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2769493.2769528 Place Published: 2769528 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8110 Author: Verlage, Martin Year: 1996 Title: About views for modeling software processes in a role-specific manner Conference Name: Joint proceedings of the second international software architecture workshop (ISAW-2) and international workshop on multiple perspectives in software development (Viewpoints '96) on SIGSOFT '96 workshops Conference Location: San Francisco, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 280-284 DOI: 10.1145/243327.243681 Place Published: 243681 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8556 Author: Russel, A. B. M., Abramson, David, Bethwaite, Blair, Dinh, Minh Ngoc, Enticott, Colin, Firth, Stephen, Garic, Slavisa, Harper, Ian, Lackmann, Martin, Schek, Stefan and Vail, Mary Year: 2010 Title: An abstract virtual instrument system for high throughput automatic microscopy Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 1 Issue: 1 Pages: 545-554 Date: 5// Short Title: An abstract virtual instrument system for high throughput automatic microscopy ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2010.04.058 Keywords: Abstract virtual instrument system Scientific workflows Automatic microscopy Grid computing Cancer research Abstract: Virtual Instrument (AVI) system for accelerating scientific discovery. An AVI system is a novel software architecture for building an hierarchical scientific instrument–one in which a virtual instrument could be defined in terms of other physical instruments, and in which significant processing is required in producing the illusion of a single virtual scientific discovery instrument. We show that an AVI can be implemented using existing scientific workflow tools that both control the microscope and perform image analysis operations. The resulting solution is a flexible and powerful system for performing dynamic high throughput automatic microscopy. We illustrate the system using a case study that involves searching for blood vessels in an optical tissue scan, and automatically instructing the microscope to rescan these vessels at higher resolution. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050910000591 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8940 Author: Shaw, M., DeLine, R. and Zelesnik, G. Year of Conference: 1996 Title: Abstractions and implementations for architectural connections Conference Name: Proceedings of International Conference on Configurable Distributed Systems Pages: 2-10 Date: 1996 Short Title: Abstractions and implementations for architectural connections DOI: 10.1109/CDS.1996.509340 Keywords: high level languages program compilers software tools UniCon architectural connections compiler component interactions connector connector abstractions graphical editor informal abstractions object code open-ended connector collection run-time products software design software system tools Computer architecture Computer science Connectors Control systems Filters Software systems Topology World Wide Web Abstract: The architecture of a software system shows how the system is realized by a collection of components together with the interactions among these components. Conventional design focuses the components, but the properties of the system depend critically on the character of the interactions. Although software designers have good informal abstractions for these interactions, these abstractions are poorly supported by the available languages and tools. As a result, the choice of interaction is often defaulted or made implicitly rather than deliberately chosen. Further, interactions are usually programmed in terms of underlying mechanisms rather than the designers natural abstractions. UniCon supports a rich selection of abstractions for the connectors that mediate interactions among components. Connector implementation presents special challenges. The "compiler" must produce and integrate not only the object code for components, but also a variety of other run-time products. The definition of a connector requires many connector-specific kinds of information in the compiler, graphical editor, and associated tools. Extending the set of connectors supported by UniCon requires this information to be provided by the connector designer and automatically integrated in the compiler. The paper describes the role of connector abstractions in software design, the connector abstractions currently supported by UniCon, and implementation issues associated with supporting an open-ended collection of connectors. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7983 Author: Wagner, Stefan and Deissenboeck, Florian Year: 2008 Title: Abstractness, specificity, and complexity in software design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on The role of abstraction in software engineering Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 35-42 DOI: 10.1145/1370164.1370173 Place Published: 1370173 Abstract: Abstraction is one of the fundamental concepts of software design. Consequently, the determination of an appropriate abstraction level for the multitude of artefacts that form a software system is an integral part of software engineering. However, the very nature of abstraction in software design and particularly its interrelation with equally important concepts like complexity, specificity or genericity are not fully understood today. As a step towards a better understanding of the trade-offs involved, this paper proposes a distinction of abstraction into two types that have different effects on the specificity and the complexity of artefacts. We discuss the roles of the two types of abstraction in software design and explain the interrelations between abstractness, specificity, and complexity. Furthermore, we illustrate the benefit of the proposed distinction with multiple examples and describe consequences of our findings for software design activities. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9537 Author: Niet, Y. Vanessa, Díaz, V. G. and Montenegro, C. E. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Academic decision making model for higher education institutions using learning analytics Conference Name: 2016 4th International Symposium on Computational and Business Intelligence (ISCBI) Pages: 27-32 Date: 5-7 Sept. 2016 Short Title: Academic decision making model for higher education institutions using learning analytics DOI: 10.1109/ISCBI.2016.7743255 Keywords: computer aided instruction data analysis data mining decision making educational institutions further education learning (artificial intelligence) software architecture academic decision making model higher education institutions learning analytics machine learning Analytical models Data models Databases Decision support systems Education Extract Transform and Load (ETL) Abstract: Through the processes set out by Learning Analytics, this paper describes a decision making model which supports the managers of higher education institutions at the moment of making academic decisions. In the analysis and requirements phase, the importance of creating and categorizing indicators is presented in detail, thereby facilitating the finding of hidden patterns in the educational information. Our work in this field includes the modelling and construction of software architecture in which the work of said indicators is included. Finally, the implementation of this new decision making support tool is shown as the result during a pilot test carried out in a Public University in Latin America. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8704 Author: Christiaans, Henri and Almendra, Rita Assoreira Year: 2010 Title: Accessing decision-making in software design Journal: Design Studies Volume: 31 Issue: 6 Pages: 641-662 Date: 11// Short Title: Accessing decision-making in software design ISSN: 0142-694X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2010.09.005 Keywords: decision-making design process design behaviour design cognition Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of software design protocols as one of the contributions to the 2010 international workshop ‘Studying Professional Software Design’. The aim of the study described here is to analyse the design process of software designers and to compare the results with that of product designers, an area familiar to the authors. Decision-making is the main focus of this study. A descriptive model of decision-making, developed by the authors, has been used to analyse the protocols of the three software design teams. The results give insight in how software designers process their activities, on the influence of individual or team differences, and what the consequences for their outcomes are. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142694X10000670 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8549 Author: McDonnell, Janet Year: 2012 Title: Accommodating disagreement: A study of effective design collaboration Journal: Design Studies Volume: 33 Issue: 1 Pages: 44-63 Date: 1// Short Title: Accommodating disagreement: A study of effective design collaboration ISSN: 0142-694X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2011.05.003 Keywords: collaborative design conceptual design design negotiation design processes software design Abstract: This paper reports an investigation into the verbal interaction between two experienced software designers developing initial ideas for a new software application. Paying attention to the conversational strategies that make manifest the ‘web of moves’ (Schön, 1985) that characterises expert design behaviour, the study focuses on how the designers keep the designing moving on productively despite uncertainties and ambiguities over the brief and disagreement over elements of the design itself. The study examines how tentativeness supports constructive collaboration and draws attention to the conversational strategies used to accommodate disagreement, in particular explicit reference to it and the use of technicalising terms to encapsulate, but acknowledge, differences about how design requirements should be realised. The work contributes to understanding the subtle conversational mechanisms that support effective design collaboration and highlights the need to acknowledge phenomena that serve collaboration itself. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142694X1100038X 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://0602239054/Accommodating disagreement A study of effectiv.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8791 Author: Nahar, N. and Sakib, K. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: ACDPR: A Recommendation System for the Creational Design Patterns Using Anti-patterns Conference Name: 2016 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution, and Reengineering (SANER) Volume: 4 Pages: 4-7 Date: 14-18 March 2016 Short Title: ACDPR: A Recommendation System for the Creational Design Patterns Using Anti-patterns DOI: 10.1109/SANER.2016.44 Keywords: object-oriented programming pattern matching recommender systems ACDPR antipattern based creational design pattern recommender antipattern detection antipatterns behavior analysis behavioral matching creational design pattern recommendation creational design patterns recommendation system semantic analysis semantic matching software designs structural matching structure analysis Cloning Production facilities Prototypes Semantics Software design anti-pattern design pattern design pattern recommendation Abstract: Recommendation of creational design patterns is not an easy task due to the similarities in their intents. Relationships with anti-patterns can play a significant role here. However, the logical definition and characterization of these anti-patterns, categorized by the design patterns, is still missing. The contributions of this paper are to identify and characterize the anti-patterns that reside as alternative solutions to the creational design patterns, and detect those anti-patterns in software designs to recommend the correct design patterns. After the anti-patterns are defined through the analysis of their structure, behavior and semantic, a tool named Anti-pattern based Creational Design Pattern Recommender (ACDPR) is developed. ACDPR uses the findings of the analysis to detect the anti-patterns in software design, performing structural, behavioral and semantic matchings. The outcome of these matching levels are used to calculate a score for each pattern, and based on these scores, creational design patterns are recommended. The justification of the approach is done by running the tool in 21 software, that results in a precision of 1, recall of 0.95, and F-measure of 0.97. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9501 Author: Dantam, N. T., Lofaro, D. M., Hereid, A., Oh, P. Y., Ames, A. D. and Stilman, M. Year: 2015 Title: The Ach Library: A New Framework for Real-Time Communication Journal: IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine Volume: 22 Issue: 1 Pages: 76-85 Short Title: The Ach Library: A New Framework for Real-Time Communication ISSN: 1070-9932 DOI: 10.1109/MRA.2014.2356937 Keywords: control engineering computing humanoid robots software libraries Ach library IPC library humanoid robot interprocess communication library multiprocess software design real-time communication Disasters Emergency services Mobile robots Real-time systems Safety Software development Abstract: Correct real-time software is vital for robots in safety-critical roles such as service and disaster response. These systems depend on software for locomotion, navigation, manipulation, and even seemingly innocuous tasks such as safely regulating battery voltage. A multiprocess software design increases robustness by isolating errors to a single process, allowing the rest of the system to continue operation. This approach also assists with modularity and concurrency. For real-time tasks, such as dynamic balance and force control of manipulators, it is critical to communicate the latest data sample with minimum latency. There are many communication approaches intended for both general-purpose and real-time needs [9], [13], [15], [17], [19]. Typical methods focus on reliable communication or network transparency and accept a tradeoff of increased message latency or the potential to discard newer data. By focusing instead on the specific case of real-time communication on a single host, we reduce communication latency and guarantee access to the latest sample. We present a new interprocess communication (IPC) library, Ach which addresses this need, and discuss its application for real-time multiprocess control on three humanoid robots (Figure 1). (Ach is available at http://www.golems.org/projects/ach.html. The name Ach comes from the common abbreviation for the motor neurotransmitter Acetylcholine and the computer networking term ACK.). Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7951 Author: Parnas, David L. and Weiss, David M. Year: 1985 Title: Active design reviews: principles and practices Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Software engineering Conference Location: London, England Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Press Pages: 132-136 Place Published: 319599 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8702 Author: Parnas, D. L. and Weiss, D. M. Year: 1987 Title: Active design reviews: Principles and practices Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 7 Issue: 4 Pages: 259-265 Date: 12// Short Title: Active design reviews: Principles and practices ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0164-1212(87)90025-2 Abstract: Although many new software design techniques have emerged in the past 15 years, there have been few changes to the procedures for reviewing the designs produced using these techniques. This report describes an improved technique, based on the following ideas, for reviewing designs. 1. 1. The efforts of each reviewer should be focused on those aspects of the design that suit his or her experience and expertise. 2. 2. The characteristics of the reviewers needed should be explicitly specified before reviewers are selected. 3. 3. Reviewers should be asked to make positive assertions about the design rather than simply allowed to point out defects. 4. 4. The designers pose questions to the reviewers, rather than vice versa. These questions are posed on a set of questionnaires that requires careful study of some aspect of the design. 5. 5. Interaction between designers and reviewers occurs in small meetings involving two to four people rather than meetings of large groups. Illustrations of these ideas are drawn from the application of active design reviews to the Naval Research Laboratory's Software Cost Reduction project. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0164121287900252 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9278 Author: Warboys, B., Snowdon, B., Greenwood, R. M., Seet, W., Robertson, I., Morrison, R., Balasubramaniam, D., Kirby, G. and Mickan, K. Year: 2005 Title: An active-architecture approach to COTS integration Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 22 Issue: 4 Pages: 20-27 Short Title: An active-architecture approach to COTS integration ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2005.86 Keywords: electronic trading management information systems object-oriented programming software architecture software packages COTS software product business process demand integrated information system turbulent market condition Application software Computer architecture Computer vision Consumer electronics Information systems Java Software engineering Software standards Software systems Standards development COTS active architecture composition and decomposition cybernetics evolution hypercode integration Abstract: COTS software products are increasingly becoming standard components for building integrated information systems. At the same time, the growth of electronic trading, turbulent market conditions, and a project-style approach to business have created a demand for information systems that can be rapidly adapted to changing business process demands. However, the ongoing development of COTS products is unpredictable as their developers and source code are rarely available. Flexible information systems use COTS components because they cost-effectively supply required component functionality. A software architecture can capture a system design as a set of interacting components and capture the role of COTS software in "implementing" certain components. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9567 Author: Patara, F. and Vicario, E. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: An adaptable patient-centric electronic health record system for personalized home care Conference Name: 2014 8th International Symposium on Medical Information and Communication Technology (ISMICT) Pages: 1-5 Date: 2-4 April 2014 Short Title: An adaptable patient-centric electronic health record system for personalized home care ISBN: 2326-828X DOI: 10.1109/ISMICT.2014.6825237 Keywords: electronic health records medical computing patient care software architecture telemedicine ICT Reflection architectural pattern adaptable patient-centric EHR system advanced software architectures clinical data integration clinical data management compliance verification automated support data streams electronic health record system home care processes personalized home care record structure patient-centric personalization remote monitoring devices systems medicine connection user adapted content presentation Context Diseases Electronic medical records Medical diagnostic imaging Monitoring Electronic Health Record (EHR) system Home care adaptable systems personalized medicine Abstract: The increasing ageing of population and the prevalence of chronic diseases push the adoption of home care processes that can delay or discontinue the access to hospitalization and specialized structures. To this end, ICT plays a crucial enabling role providing a growing ecosystem of diagnostic and monitoring devices, communication networks, and information management applications. As a part of this, advanced software architectures provide means for effective integration and management of clinical data produced by a variety of sources and accessed by a variety of actors involved in the care process. We describe the software architecture of an Electronic Health Record (EHR) system that exploits the Reflection architectural pattern to allow agile tailoring for the needs of different medical specialties. We then show how this adaptability can be further exploited to face a number of challenging requirements posed by the context of home care, including: patient-centric personalization of the record structure; user-adapted content presentation; automated support for compliance verification; systems medicine connection of clinical observations pertaining to different specialties; integration of users observations and data streams acquired from remote monitoring devices. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7935 Author: Song, Yuanyuan, Rai, Devendra and Sullivan, Kevin Year: 2008 Title: Adaptation architectures cross levels Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Ultra-large-scale software-intensive systems Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 27-28 DOI: 10.1145/1370700.1370708 Place Published: 1370708 Abstract: To design ULS systems with the adaptive capacity they will need to be viable, requires that we broaden our understanding of software architecture. It is not just the software that must adapt, but the human-technical systems that produce and operate it. The traditional notion of an architecture as an abstract description of software artifacts and processes in an ontology of computational components, connections, and behavioral properties will not suffice. An alternative ontology based on decisions, decision-making tasks, agents, dependences among decisions, and the structure of such dependences appears to be worth exploring. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7879 Author: Loques, Orlando and Sztajnberg, Alexandre Year: 2010 Title: Adaptation issues in software architectures of remote health care systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Software Engineering in Health Care Conference Location: Cape Town, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 24-28 DOI: 10.1145/1809085.1809089 Place Published: 1809089 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8522 Author: Pahl, Claus Year: 2004 Title: Adaptive development and maintenance of user-centric software systems Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 46 Issue: 14 Pages: 973-986 Date: 11/1/ Short Title: Adaptive development and maintenance of user-centric software systems ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2004.04.004 Keywords: Adaptive development and maintenance Requirements and software change Participative design Software architecture Evolutionary design Abstract: A software system cannot be developed without considering the various facets of its environment. Stakeholders—including the users that play a central role—have their needs, expectations, and perceptions of a system. Organisational and technical aspects of the environment are constantly changing. The ability to adapt a software system and its requirements to its environment throughout its full lifecycle is of paramount importance in a constantly changing environment. The continuous involvement of users is as important as the constant evaluation of the system and the observation of evolving environments. We present a methodology for adaptive software systems development and maintenance. We draw upon a diverse range of accepted methods including participatory design, software architecture, and evolutionary design. Our focus is on user-centred software systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584904000722 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8503 Author: Gui, Ning, De Florio, Vincenzo, Caporaletti, Gabriella and Blondia, Chris Year: 2009 Title: Adaptive Robot Design and Applications in Flexible Manufacturing Environments Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 42 Issue: 4 Pages: 2149-2154 Date: // Short Title: Adaptive Robot Design and Applications in Flexible Manufacturing Environments ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3182/20090603-3-RU-2001.0352 Abstract: Robots have played a very important role in the growing popular flexible manufacturing environments. However, state-of-art industrial robots with high accuracy are rather costly and static. Our works aims at providing a low-cost fast integrating platform with advanced middleware support to seamlessly integrate off-the-shelf or future robot sensors, robots, and actuators as well as industrial IT system. To support such approach, a component-based reconfigurable middleware system is designed. A system runtime service is employed to manage the dependence and whole lifecycle of realtime components by reasoning from component's contract-based service description. A continues deployment mechanism is also designed The software architecture was implemented by so called – Hybrid component model. The evaluation shows that the ARFLEX system achieve the goal of enhance in accuracy, flexibility while provide good real-time characteristics. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667016341210 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8281 Author: Bigdelou, Ali, Schwarz, Loren and Navab, Nassir Year: 2012 Title: An adaptive solution for intra-operative gesture-based human-machine interaction Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces Conference Location: Lisbon, Portugal Publisher: ACM Pages: 75-84 DOI: 10.1145/2166966.2166981 Place Published: 2166981 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8113 Author: Newton, John E. and Kirschner, Frank D. Year: 1987 Title: Ada's role in Air Force Software architecture for the 1990s Conference Name: Proceedings of the Joint Ada conference fifth national conference on Ada technology and fourth Washington Ada Symposium Conference Location: Arlington, Virginia, USA Publisher: George Washington University Pages: 367-376 Place Published: 339959 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9329 Author: Shelton, W., Li, N., Ammann, P. and Offutt, J. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Adding Criteria-Based Tests to Test Driven Development Conference Name: 2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Pages: 878-886 Date: 17-21 April 2012 Short Title: Adding Criteria-Based Tests to Test Driven Development ISBN: 2159-4848 DOI: 10.1109/ICST.2012.191 Keywords: fault diagnosis object-oriented methods program testing software fault tolerance software quality TDD development process TDD practitioners TDD test criteria-based test example-based unit tests mutation analysis software design decisions software fault detection software intended functionality software testing test driven development Java Programming Rhythm Software Writing Abstract: Test driven development (TDD) is the practice of writing unit tests before writing the source. TDD practitioners typically start with example-based unit tests to verify an understanding of the software's intended functionality and to drive software design decisions. Hence, the typical role of test cases in TDD leans more towards specifying and documenting expected behavior, and less towards detecting faults. Conversely, traditional criteria-based test coverage ignores functionality in favor of tests that thoroughly exercise the software. This paper examines whether it is possible to combine both approaches. Specifically, can additional criteria based tests improve the quality of TDD test suites without disrupting the TDD development process? This paper presents the results of an observational study that generated additional criteria-based tests as part of a TDD exercise. The criterion was mutation analysis and the additional tests were designed to kill mutants not killed by the TDD tests. The additional unit tests found several software faults and other deficiencies in the software. Subsequent interviews with the programmers indicated that they welcomed the additional tests, and that the additional tests did not inhibit their productivity. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9492 Author: Canal, C., Fuentes, L., Pimentel, E., Troya, J. M. and Vallecillo, A. Year: 2003 Title: Adding roles to CORBA objects Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 29 Issue: 3 Pages: 242-260 Short Title: Adding roles to CORBA objects ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/TSE.2003.1183935 Keywords: distributed object management object-oriented methods CORBA objects IDLs automated checking component-based software development protocol interoperability protocols software components Application software Computer architecture Irrigation Programming Proposals Runtime Software architecture Software reusability Testing Abstract: Traditional IDLs were defined for describing the services that objects offer, but not those services they require from other objects, nor the relative order in which they expect their methods to be called. Some of the existing proposals try to add protocol information to object interfaces, but most of them fail to do so in a modular way. In this paper we propose an extension of the CORBA IDL that uses a sugared subset of the polyadic π-calculus for describing object service protocols, based on the concept of roles. Roles allow the modular specification of the observable behavior of CORBA objects, reducing the complexity of the compatibility tests. Our main aim is the automated checking of protocol interoperability between CORBA objects in open component-based environments, using similar techniques to those used in software architecture description and analysis. In addition, our proposal permits the study of substitutability between CORBA objects, as well as the realization of dynamic compatibility tests during their runtime execution. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8865 Author: Peterson, G. D. and Hines, J. W. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: Advanced avionics system development: achieving systems superiority through design automation Conference Name: 1998 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.98TH8339) Volume: 1 Pages: 231-238 vol.1 Date: 21-28 Mar 1998 Short Title: Advanced avionics system development: achieving systems superiority through design automation ISBN: 1095-323X DOI: 10.1109/AERO.1998.686822 Keywords: aerospace computing hardware description languages military avionics military computing software standards VHDL Wright Laboratory programs advanced aircraft avionics system development cost-effective design methodologies design automation design documentation digital electronic systems hardware description language maintenance capabilities manufacturability software design standards developments testing weapons system acquisition weapons system procurement process Aerospace electronics Costs Design methodology Documentation Hardware design languages Military aircraft Procurement Weapons Abstract: Avionics systems in advanced aircraft provide the improved capability critical to achieving mission success for the war fighter. As the costs associated with aircraft avionics continue to mount, improved weapons system acquisition and support depends on cost-effective design methodologies and accurate design documentation. This paper explores how the standard hardware description language VHDL serves a critical role in effective acquisition of digital electronic systems. Wright Laboratory programs focusing on electronic systems design automation provide complementary improvements in design, documentation, and maintenance capabilities. Results from this research supports acquisition reform efforts to streamline the weapons system procurement process and provide contractors the flexibility to use the most effective design management techniques. At the same time, while the US Department of Defense (DoD) is moving away from dictating standards in contracting, the electronics industry continues to embrace open standards as a means to ensure hardware and software component compatibility. The question arises: what methodology and standards developments are necessary to support the continuing development of sophisticated weapons systems for the military? To address this question, the paper explores methodological needs for hardware and software design, manufacturability, test, and related issues to provide context and motivation before describing ongoing work to meet these needs Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9464 Author: Ordonez, M., Sonnaillon, M. O., Murrin, D., Bose, N. and Qiu, W. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: An Advanced Measurement System for Vortex-Induced-Vibrations Characterization in Large-Scale Risers Conference Name: OCEANS 2007 Pages: 1-5 Date: Sept. 29 2007-Oct. 4 2007 Short Title: An Advanced Measurement System for Vortex-Induced-Vibrations Characterization in Large-Scale Risers ISBN: 0197-7385 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2007.4449233 Keywords: accelerometers oceanographic equipment vibration measurement vortices advanced measurement system large scale risers marine risers offshore oil and gas operations seawater flow vortex-induced-vibrations characterization Costs Hydrocarbon reservoirs Instruments Large-scale systems Logistics Petroleum Real time systems Testing Abstract: This paper presents the development of an advanced measurement system for real-time characterization of Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIV) in large-scale marine risers. Marine risers play a critical role in offshore oil and gas operations by transporting mud, debris, and hydrocarbons from the reservoir to the surface platform. The mechanical structure of the riser is constantly subject to the effect of vortex shedding produced by seawater flow, which may result in severe oscillations known as VIV. At present, the prediction of this potentially destructive phenomenon is a challenging area of research that has gained special attention. While there have been significant research contributions on vortex induced vibrations on small riser models (8-10 m in length), the number of experiments on large-scale risers is limited, mainly due to technical complexity, logistics, and cost involved in large scale testing. Furthermore, the experiments that have been carried out are often proprietary and their publication in scientific literature has been limited. High mode results have been a challenge since it is generally accepted that at least five accelerometers are required to accurately map a cycle, and most of the riser models have been instrumented with no more than ten or twenty accelerometers due to the associated technical challenges. The advanced system described herein is modular and has been tested with sixty-four accelerometers, theoretically capable of mapping 25 modes of vibration. This is, therefore, a significant development towards understanding the vortex shedding phenomenon at high modes. A complete description and design considerations for this advanced measurement system is presented in this paper. This includes aspects such as system architecture, hardware and software design, mounting procedure, and communication protocol for an actual application. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9342 Author: Sztipanovits, J. Year of Conference: 2001 Title: Advances in model-integrated computing Conference Name: IMTC 2001. Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference. Rediscovering Measurement in the Age of Informatics (Cat. No.01CH 37188) Volume: 3 Pages: 1660-1664 vol.3 Date: 2001 Short Title: Advances in model-integrated computing ISBN: 1091-5281 DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2001.929485 Keywords: embedded systems software engineering systems analysis embedded computing integrated system/software design model-based generators model-integrated computing multiple-view domain-specific modeling environments multiple-view domain-specific modeling languages specification tool integration technologies Costs Embedded software Information processing Information technology Mathematical model Physics computing Software design Software systems Vehicle dynamics Abstract: The paper discusses challenges and new directions in integrated system and software design. The primary focus is embedded computing. The first topic describes methods and tools for the specification and construction of multiple-view, domain-specific modeling languages and environments. The second topic focuses on tool integration technologies. The third topic discusses the role of model-based generators in model-integrated computing Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8792 Author: Kassim, J. M. and Abdullah, R. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Advisory system architecture in agricultural environment to support decision making process Conference Name: Digital Information and Communication Technology and it's Applications (DICTAP), 2012 Second International Conference on Pages: 453-456 Date: 16-18 May 2012 Short Title: Advisory system architecture in agricultural environment to support decision making process DOI: 10.1109/DICTAP.2012.6215427 Keywords: agricultural engineering decision making knowledge acquisition knowledge management ontologies (artificial intelligence) semantic Web software architecture Internet advisory system architecture agricultural environment cultivation decision making process knowledge cognition knowledge interface knowledge-database ontology-driven advisory systems personalization semantic Web architecture Agriculture Cognition Computer architecture Monitoring Production Advisory system decision making process in agricultural knowledge modeling ontology-driven system processes in advisory system Abstract: The aim of this paper is to proposed software architecture for ontology-driven advisory systems. The architecture reflects the situation in our current agricultural advisory systems where farmers as a client request an advice from the experts to help them in decision making process in their cultivating. The architecture consists of three components, users, module and knowledge/database. Each component complies with the basic process in advisory systems, knowledge acquisition, cognition, and interface. The architecture embeds three approaches in this systems, personalization, knowledge management and ontology. In semantic web architecture all information is spread over the Internet. By using these technologies, we can easily share and reused the information via Internet. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9291 Author: Li, H., Hao, L. Y., Ge, X., Gao, J. and Guo, S. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: An agent-based approach for crowdsourcing software design Conference Name: 2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC) Pages: 4497-4501 Date: 28-30 May 2016 Short Title: An agent-based approach for crowdsourcing software design DOI: 10.1109/CCDC.2016.7531795 Keywords: outsourcing software agents software engineering agent-based crowdsourcing software design Collaboration Crowdsourcing Industries Proposals Software design agent-based Abstract: In recent years, crowdsourcing is increasingly applied in software engineering. The practices of software crowdsourcing push us to investigate the reason of its success, and then provide effective methods to meet the rapidly growing requirement. In this paper, we present an agent-base model for describing the software crowdsourcing design. Particularly, the individuals participate in software crowdsourcing, who play different roles, such as requesters, online workers, organizers, are abstracted as agents. Based on that, an agent-based crowdsourcing software design approach is therefore presented in the following. Two case studies are carried out and the validity of this approach is then verified. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8878 Author: Mustapha, K. and Frayret, J. M. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Agent-based modeling and simulation software architecture for health care Conference Name: 2016 6th International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications (SIMULTECH) Pages: 1-12 Date: 29-31 July 2016 Short Title: Agent-based modeling and simulation software architecture for health care Keywords: digital simulation diseases groupware health care hospitals patient care software agents software architecture HC agent-based simulation chronic diseases collaborative scheduling computer simulation conceptual level hospital simulation level Cancer Computational modeling Medical diagnostic imaging Multi-agent systems Object oriented modeling Colon and Colorectal Cancer Abstract: Health Care (HC) organizational structure and related management policies are essential factors of HC system. They can be tested through simulations in order to improve HC performance. To simplify the design of these simulations we have proposed a modelling approach based on an additional structure. The modelling approach considers the complexity of the modelling process, where in the various models are developed. This approach is organized according to two main abstraction levels, a conceptual level and a simulation level. We developed a computer simulation environment of patient care trajectories using the agent in order to evaluate new approaches to increase hospital productivity and adapt hospital clinical practice conditions for the elderly and patients with multiple chronic diseases. For that, we have developed a multi-agent framework to simulate the activities and roles in a HC system. This framework can be used to assist the collaborative scheduling of complex tasks that involve multiple personals and resources. In addition, it can be used to study the efficiency of the HC system and the influence of different policies. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7929 Author: Simons, Christopher L. and Parmee, Ian C. Year: 2008 Title: Agent-based support for interactive search in conceptual software engineering design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation Conference Location: Atlanta, GA, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 1785-1786 DOI: 10.1145/1389095.1389440 Place Published: 1389440 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9097 Author: Leuchter, S., Muhlenberg, D. and Schonbein, R. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Agent-based web for information fusion in military intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance Conference Name: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Pages: 3732-3737 Date: 12-15 Oct. 2008 Short Title: Agent-based web for information fusion in military intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance ISBN: 1062-922X DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.2008.5054671 Keywords: IP networks Information management Intelligent agent Intelligent networks Intelligent sensors Military computing Reconnaissance Satellite ground stations Software architecture Surveillance defense, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance, ISR, information space, information fusion software agents, software architecture, personalization Abstract: This paper describes a research prototype of an experimental information management system for the German Federal Armed Forces. The system is realized as an agent-based web for military intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). Users can access ISR related information, services, and experts through this web. Information management is based on a semantic representation of sensor data and other ISR information. The system supports information fusion and offers personalized functionalities. This contribution reports the current state of the system, its software architecture and support functions. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9248 Author: Xiao, L., Fox, J. and Zhu, H. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: An Agent-Oriented Approach to Support Multidisciplinary Care Decisions Conference Name: 2013 3rd Eastern European Regional Conference on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems Pages: 8-17 Date: 29-30 Aug. 2013 Short Title: An Agent-Oriented Approach to Support Multidisciplinary Care Decisions DOI: 10.1109/ECBS-EERC.2013.10 Keywords: decision making decision support systems diseases health care medical information systems object-oriented programming patient care software architecture IT support adaptive agent architectural model agent-oriented approach agent-oriented model driven architecture cancer disease care team chronic disease clinical evidence clinical guidelines clinical specialists decision support management model distributed environment healthcare authority joint clinical decision making joint clinical decision-making multidisciplinary care decisions open agent architectural model open environment safe delivery working environments Adaptation models Collaboration Guidelines Medical services Object oriented modeling Protocols Multi-Agent Systems Multidisciplinary Care Pathways Open and Adaptive Software Architecture Abstract: Patient care is becoming increasingly complex and multidisciplinary for many conditions, notably cancer and chronic diseases, in which a care team participates in and shares responsibility for the patient's care. Providing IT support for joint clinical decision making in an open and distributed environment raises some challenges that are worth our attention: 1) new clinical evidence and guidelines, published by healthcare authorities and subject to continuous revision, need to be shared and enacted by the care team, as automatically as possible, 2) clinical specialists, located in their own working environments, need to be able to group together wherever necessary, 3) decision points, distributed in the environment, need to refer consistently the same set of guidelines and unless these are well-coordinated across the care team, safe delivery of care will be hard to guarantee. In this paper we propose an open and adaptive agent architectural model to resolve these challenges. This is based on an Agent-oriented Model Driven Architecture and a decision support management model, which are integrated to support joint clinical decision-making. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8788 Author: Ghosn, S. Bou, Ranganathan, P., Salem, S., Tang, J., Loegering, D. and Nygard, K. E. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Agent-Oriented Designs for a Self Healing Smart Grid Conference Name: 2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications Pages: 461-466 Date: 4-6 Oct. 2010 Short Title: Agent-Oriented Designs for a Self Healing Smart Grid DOI: 10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622085 Keywords: fault tolerant computing multi-agent systems smart power grids Java agent development framework agent-oriented designs electrical grids multiagent system self healing smart grid Adaptation model Decision making Density estimation robust algorithm Monitoring Power system stability Smart grids Abstract: Electrical grids are highly complex and dynamic systems that can be unreliable, insecure, and inefficient in serving end consumers. The promise of Smart Grids lies in the architecting and developing of intelligent distributed and networked systems for automated monitoring and controlling of the grid to improve performance. We have designed an agent-oriented architecture for a simulation which can help in understanding Smart Grid issues and in identifying ways to improve the electrical grid. We focus primarily on the self-healing problem, which concerns methodologies for activating control solutions to take preventative actions or to handle problems after they occur. We present software design issues that must be considered in producing a system that is flexible, adaptable and scalable. Agent-based systems provide a paradigm for conceptualizing, designing, and implementing software systems. Agents are sophisticated computer programs that can act autonomously and communicate with each other across open and distributed environments. We present design issues that are appropriate in developing a Multi-agent System (MAS) for the grid. Our MAS is implemented in the Java Agent Development Framework (JADE). Our Smart Grid Simulation uses many types of agents to acquire and monitor data, support decision making, and represent devices, controls, alternative power sources, the environment, management functions, and user interfaces. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7882 Author: Hadar, Irit and Sherman, Sofia Year: 2012 Title: Agile vs. plan-driven perceptions of software architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Co-operative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering Conference Location: Zurich, Switzerland Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 50-55 Place Published: 2663650 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9193 Author: Hadar, I. and Sherman, S. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Agile vs. plan-driven perceptions of software architecture Conference Name: 2012 5th International Workshop on Co-operative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE) Pages: 50-55 Date: 2-2 June 2012 Short Title: Agile vs. plan-driven perceptions of software architecture DOI: 10.1109/CHASE.2012.6223022 Keywords: software architecture software prototyping agile methodologies agile philosophy agile projects perceive architecture activities complex system development projects human-centric software development process plan-driven perceptions Computer architecture Conferences Documentation Programming Software Testing agile methodology development methodologies qualitative research Abstract: The use of agile methodologies in industry has increased significantly over the past decade, promoting the value of human-centric software development process. This growing use derives the need to adjust agile methodologies to bigger, more complex system development projects, where architecture plays a significant role. However, many believe that an essential conflict exists between the requirement of minimalism in agile methods and the need for well-defined and documented architecture in complex systems. This paper presents an exploratory study aimed at understanding the software architecture related activities as perceived by architects with and without experience in agile methodologies. The findings indicate that while architects practicing only plan-driven methodologies perceive architecture activities as being related only to the first phases of the development process, architects involved in agile projects perceive architecture activities to be related to most or all phases of the development lifecycle. The latter perceptions are consistent with suggestions expressed in the literature regarding architecture in general and in agile methodologies in particular. Based on these findings we suggest that agile methods not only lead architects to adjust their behavior to the agile philosophy, but also improve architects' perceptions and practice of architecture in general. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://1958886197/Agile vs. plan-driven perceptions of software.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9371 Author: Abrahamsson, P., Babar, M. A. and Kruchten, P. Year: 2010 Title: Agility and Architecture: Can They Coexist? Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 27 Issue: 2 Pages: 16-22 Short Title: Agility and Architecture: Can They Coexist? ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2010.36 Keywords: software architecture software development management agile development design assumptions design decisions industrial software development practices software intensive systems Computer architecture Computer industry Feedback Programming Scalability agile development methods software engineering Abstract: Agile development has significantly impacted industrial software development practices. However, despite its wide popularity, there's an increasing perplexity about software architecture's role and importance in agile approaches. Advocates of architecture's vital role in achieving quality goals for large software-intensive systems doubt the scalability of any development approach that doesn't pay sufficient attention to architecture. This article talks about software architecture being relevant to the basis of aspects such as communication among team members, inputs to subsequent design decisions, documenting design assumptions, and evaluating design alternatives. In a large software organization, implementing agile approaches isn't a straightforward adoption problem. Most likely, it will take several years to shorten the feedback cycles to benefit from the adaptability and earlier value-creation opportunities. Failure is a natural part of process improvement. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9287 Author: Nakauchi, K., Ishizu, K., Murakami, H., Nakao, A. and Harada, H. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: AMPHIBIA: A Cognitive Virtualization Platform for End-to-End Slicing Conference Name: 2011 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) Pages: 1-5 Date: 5-9 June 2011 Short Title: AMPHIBIA: A Cognitive Virtualization Platform for End-to-End Slicing ISBN: 1550-3607 DOI: 10.1109/icc.2011.5962961 Keywords: cognitive radio quality of service radio access networks telecommunication networks AMPHIBIA QoS cognitive radio technology cognitive virtualization platform cooperative resource allocation end-to-end slicing heterogeneous wired networks heterogeneous wireless access networks multimode wireless terminals multiple virtual network technology network architecture network virtualization radio frequency utilization reconfigurability resource management virtual networks wireless environment wireless resource wireless technology Base stations Computer architecture Prototypes Wireless networks Wireless sensor networks Abstract: To cope with the increasingly diversifying services, QoS, and network architectures, network virtualization is a promising technology that enables the concurrent deployment of multiple network technologies on a shared network. However, traditional research on network virtualization preliminarily focuses on a wired environment and network virtualization for a wireless environment is not well studied. Considering that in near-future, various wireless technologies will play the most important role in access networks and multi-mode wireless terminals will become more popular, it is crucial to extend the concept of network virtualization to wireless networks. We refer to building such extended virtual networks as "end-to-end slicing". The key technical challenges for such extension are (1) abstraction of heterogeneous wireless access networks for maximizing radio frequency utilization and (2) isolation of wireless resources such as radio frequencies, throughput, or name spaces for accommodating multiple virtual networks on a single wireless access network. In this paper, we tackle the first challenge and propose a Cognitive Virtualization Platform, called AMPHIBIA, which enables end-to-end slicing over heterogeneous wired and wireless networks. AMPHIBIA is a platform to provide independent virtual networks each of which can be configured for the corresponding service and to coordinate the resource management in both sides of wired and wireless networks, exploiting the network virtualization and cognitive radio technology. AMPHIBIA is motivated by the shared property of "reconfigurability" of network virtualization and cognitive radio, and provides network operators with the capability of cooperative resource allocation over wired and wireless networks. In other words, AMPHIBIA virtualizes a cognitive base station to dynamically configure a wireless access network for each virtual network. In this paper, we first show the basic architecture of AMPHIBIA from the perspectiv- - e of network virtualization. Then we show the hardware and software design of prototype system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8911 Author: Liao, W. H. and Chueh, C. P. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Analysis and Interpretation of e-Reader User Logs: A Case Study of High School Students' User Behaviors Conference Name: 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies Pages: 123-125 Date: 6-8 July 2011 Short Title: Analysis and Interpretation of e-Reader User Logs: A Case Study of High School Students' User Behaviors ISBN: 2161-3761 DOI: 10.1109/ICALT.2011.42 Keywords: behavioural sciences computer aided instruction electronic publishing further education user interfaces digital natives accept digital reader device e-reader user interface e-reader user log educational tool high school student software design user behavior collection Consumer electronics Educational institutions Hardware Maintenance engineering Materials e-book reader e-ink display user experience user log analysis Abstract: This study explores the daily life user experiences of an experimental e-book reading device among high-school students, aiming to understand how well the digital natives accept the use of e-book reading devices and the potential utilities of such devices for them, either for leisure purposes or as an assistive educational tool. Toward this goal, we have custom-designed the e-reader user interface as well as the e-book content to suit the needs of this particular user group. The unique opportunity of having access to the hardware device, software design and potential users creates an ideal experimental platform for us to unbiasedly investigate the role of this new technology through a long-term user behavior collection and analysis process. We anticipate that the new reading behaviors of the digital natives will provide clues for further improvements in the design and development of digital reader devices. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8341 Author: Ploeger, Bas and Somers, Lou Year: 2007 Title: Analysis and verification of an automatic document feeder Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Applied computing Conference Location: Seoul, Korea Publisher: ACM Pages: 1499-1505 DOI: 10.1145/1244002.1244324 Place Published: 1244324 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8606 Author: Luo, Ping, Eikman, Edward A., Kealy, William and Qian, Wei Year: 2006 Title: Analysis of a Mammography Teaching Program Based on an Affordance Design Model Journal: Academic Radiology Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Pages: 1542-1552 Date: 12// Short Title: Analysis of a Mammography Teaching Program Based on an Affordance Design Model ISSN: 1076-6332 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2006.08.016 Keywords: Mammogram reading image affordance design e-learning perceptual problem solving Abstract: Rationale and Objectives The wide use of computer technology in education, particularly in mammogram reading, asks for e-learning evaluation. The existing media comparative studies, learner attitude evaluations, and performance tests are problematic. Based on an affordance design model, this study examined an existing e-learning program on mammogram reading. Materials and Methods The selection criteria include content relatedness, representativeness, e-learning orientation, image quality, program completeness, and accessibility. A case study was conducted to examine the affordance features, functions, and presentations of the selected software. Data collection and analysis methods include interviews, protocol-based document analysis, and usability tests and inspection. Also some statistics were calculated. Results The examination of PBE identified that this educational software designed and programmed some tools. The learner can use these tools in the process of optimizing displays, scanning images, comparing different projections, marking the region of interests, constructing a descriptive report, assessing one’s learning outcomes, and comparing one’s decisions with the experts’ decisions. Further, PBE provides some resources for the learner to construct one’s knowledge and skills, including a categorized image library, a term-searching function, and some teaching links. Besides, users found it easy to navigate and carry out tasks. The users also reacted positively toward PBE’s navigation system, instructional aids, layout, pace and flow of information, graphics, and other presentation design. Conclusion The software provides learners with some cognitive tools, supporting their perceptual problem-solving processes and extending their capabilities. Learners can internalize the mental models in mammogram reading through multiple perceptual triangulations, sensitization of related features, semantic description of mammogram findings, and expert-guided semantic report construction. The design of these cognitive tools and the software interface matches the findings and principles in human learning and instructional design. Working with PBE’s case-based simulations and categorized gallery, learners can enrich and transfer their experience to their jobs. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1076633206004971 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9002 Author: Taylor, A. R. Year of Conference: 1990 Title: An analysis of ATE computational architecture Conference Name: Proceedings. International Test Conference 1990 Pages: 514-519 Date: 10-14 Sep 1990 Short Title: An analysis of ATE computational architecture DOI: 10.1109/TEST.1990.114062 Keywords: automatic test equipment computer architecture computer graphics object-oriented programming programming environments software tools user interfaces ATE computational architecture Pattern Tool Spec Tool Vary Tool Waveform Tool enVision visual environment end user graphics software engineer test language Automatic testing Object oriented programming Software design Software testing System software System testing Systems engineering and theory Abstract: The author discusses the following aspects of test system software: the use of the latest computer technology; the use of the latest software technology, such as graphics and object-oriented programming; the role of the ATE (automatic test equipment) vendor in providing test solutions; the role of the tester user in designing device tests, analyzing test results, and developing production-worthy test solutions. The impact that changes in the state-of-the-art of computer and software design are having on ATE tester architectures is summarized. The importance of the need to be flexible and independent of these changes is shown as it relates to the system software engineer and, even more important, to the device engineer, who is the end user of the test system. The author discusses a two-tiered approach whereby an engineer who is extremely knowledgeable about the tester develops applications that optimize the use of the tester resources. Last, the enVision visual environment is shown; it is an environment ideally suited to the type of work that a device engineer needs to do Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8589 Author: Sørby, Inger Dybdahl and Nytrø, Øystein Year: 2010 Title: Analysis of communicative behaviour: Profiling roles and activities Journal: International Journal of Medical Informatics Volume: 79 Issue: 6 Pages: e144-e151 Date: 6// Short Title: Analysis of communicative behaviour: Profiling roles and activities ISSN: 1386-5056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2009.08.003 Keywords: Structured observation Communicative acts profiling Requirements elicitation Software design Point of care clinical information systems Abstract: Objectives In this paper we present a method for processing and presentation of data recorded through structured observation of clinicians’ information and communication activities. The activities are encoded as sequences of distinctive speech acts, and resulting profiles of communicative behaviour are visualized in radar graphs. Example profiles resulting from the analysis of three clinicians’ communicative behaviour during pre-rounds meetings and medication activities are given. Methods The communicative acts profiles are based on empirical data from an observational study performed at a Norwegian university hospital. A fifth-year medical student spent 20 days in two different hospital wards, following one physician at a time in daily, patient-centred work. The observer recorded the clinicians’ information and communication activities during several ward situations such as pre-rounds meetings, ward rounds, and patient discharge. The data was recorded by means of an observation form consisting of a mixture of codes and free-text fields. The recorded data was post-processed by associating each event with one predefined communicative act, and resulting profiles for three individual physicians in different situations have been created as radar graphs. Results/conclusion The approach is an efficient and useful means for studying clinicians’ information and communication patterns in hospital wards. The method can be used to illustrate variations among individual clinicians in similar situations and to compare profiles of different roles or hospital wards. Given proper validation, the approach may serve as an important tool to inform the design of new clinical information systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386505609001270 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9195 Author: Hoover, C. L. and Khosla, P. K. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: Analytical partition of software components for evolvable and reliable MEMS design tools Conference Name: Proceedings Third IEEE International High-Assurance Systems Engineering Symposium (Cat. No.98EX231) Pages: 188-199 Date: 13-14 Nov 1998 Short Title: Analytical partition of software components for evolvable and reliable MEMS design tools DOI: 10.1109/HASE.1998.731611 Keywords: accelerometers aircraft navigation circuit CAD mechanical engineering computing micromechanical devices software reliability software reusability CAD MEMS accelerometer MEMS design tools computer-aided design evolvability high assurance systems microelectromechanical systems partitioning reliable performance software components software design software requirements Application software Buildings Design automation Design methodology Design optimization Process design Abstract: Transforming software requirements into a software design involves the iterative partition of a solution into software components. The process is human-intensive and does not guarantee that design objectives such as reusability, evolvability, and reliable performance are satisfied. The costly process of designing, building, and modifying high assurance systems motivates the need for precise methods and tools to generate designs whose corresponding implementations are reusable, evolvable, and reliable. We demonstrate an analytical approach for partitioning basic elements of a software solution into reusable and evolvable software components. First, we briefly overview the role of partitioning in current design methods and explain why computer-aided design (CAD) tools to automate the design of microelectromechanical systems (MEIMS) are high assurance applications. Then we present our approach and apply it to the design of CAD software to layout an optimized design of a MEMS accelerometer to be used in the navigational units of aircraft. Lastly, we discuss the implications of our approach and future research directions Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8054 Author: Cruz-Benito, Juan, Ther, Roberto, #243, Garc, Francisco J., #237, a-Pe, #241 and alvo Year: 2014 Title: Analytics of information flows and decision making in heterogeneous learning ecosystems Conference Name: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality Conference Location: Salamanca, Spain Publisher: ACM Pages: 703-707 DOI: 10.1145/2669711.2669977 Place Published: 2669977 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7899 Author: Kim, Jung Soo and Garlan, David Year: 2006 Title: Analyzing architectural styles with alloy Conference Name: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 70-80 DOI: 10.1145/1147249.1147259 Place Published: 1147259 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8092 Author: Ma, Wenting, Liu, Lin, Feng, Wenzhong, Shan, Yuhui and Peng, Fei Year: 2009 Title: Analyzing project risks within a cultural and organizational setting Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Leadership and Management in Software Architecture Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 6-14 DOI: 10.1109/lmsa.2009.5074858 Place Published: 1564682 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8083 Author: Abi-Antoun, Marwan and Barnes, Jeffrey M. Year: 2010 Title: Analyzing security architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM international conference on Automated software engineering Conference Location: Antwerp, Belgium Publisher: ACM Pages: 3-12 DOI: 10.1145/1858996.1859001 Place Published: 1859001 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8007 Author: Sch, Lars, #252, tze and Castrillon, Jeronimo Year: 2017 Title: Analyzing State-of-the-Art Role-based Programming Languages Conference Name: Companion to the first International Conference on the Art, Science and Engineering of Programming Conference Location: Brussels, Belgium Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-6 DOI: 10.1145/3079368.3079386 Place Published: 3079386 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8908 Author: Biel, B. and Gruhn, V. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Analyzing the Architectural Support of Usability Conference Name: 2010 36th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications Pages: 20-27 Date: 1-3 Sept. 2010 Short Title: Analyzing the Architectural Support of Usability ISBN: 1089-6503 DOI: 10.1109/SEAA.2010.56 Keywords: knowledge based systems software architecture knowledge base software architecture analysis software architecture design usability architectural support usability requirements engineering methods usability requirements realization Computer architecture Context Mobile communication Saturn Usability Mobility Abstract: Since usability requirements can have an impact on software architecture, they should be considered in the software architecture design. We present the method "Software ArchitecTure analysis of Usability Requirements realizatioN'' (SATURN) during which architects and analysts conduct well-established usability requirements engineering methods (usage context specification, walkthrough, brainstorming) before selecting relevant scenarios from a knowledge base of generic scenarios. Results of a business case study show that the method and its tools are comprehensible to usability non-experts, effective, and efficient. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8087 Author: J. Andrés Díaz Pace, Marcelo R. Campo Year: 2001 Title: Analyzing the role of aspects in software design Journal: Commun. ACM Volume: 44 Issue: 10 Pages: 66-73 Short Title: Analyzing the role of aspects in software design ISSN: 0001-0782 DOI: 10.1145/383845.383859 Legal Note: 383859 Abstract: This article analyzes the role of aspect-oriented programming in software design. There is a growing agreement in the software community about the limitations of object orientation to cope with the problem of building highly reusable, adaptable and extensible software systems. Aspect-oriented programming (AOP) is one of the most promising alternatives to improve object-oriented programming techniques. AOP aims at providing better means of addressing the well-known problem of separation of concerns by using specialized mechanisms to encapsulate concerns whose behavior crosscuts essential application functionality. The article discusses three basic approaches to addressing the process of separation of concerns namely a linguistic view, a pure object-oriented view and an architecture-oriented view. The authors have carried out a simulation case study to empirically compare both object-oriented solutions against aspect-oriented ones, and aspect technologies against each other. According to the authors, the central problem of aspect technologies is not just about crosscutting or separation of concerns, but it involves deeper research about how to understand a number of software parts as separated artifacts and then integrate some of them into a coherent system. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8247 Author: Palmer, Doug, Adcock, Matt, Smith, Jocelyn, Hutchins, Matthew, Gunn, Chris, Stevenson, Duncan and Taylor, Ken Year: 2007 Title: Annotating with light for remote guidance Conference Name: Proceedings of the 19th Australasian conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Entertaining User Interfaces Conference Location: Adelaide, Australia Publisher: ACM Pages: 103-110 DOI: 10.1145/1324892.1324911 Place Published: 1324911 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8476 Author: Médigue, Claudine and Moszer, Ivan Year: 2007 Title: Annotation, comparison and databases for hundreds of bacterial genomes Journal: Research in Microbiology Volume: 158 Issue: 10 Pages: 724-736 Date: 12// Short Title: Annotation, comparison and databases for hundreds of bacterial genomes ISSN: 0923-2508 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2007.09.009 Keywords: Genome annotation Databases and servers Computational tools Comparative genomics Data integration Abstract: The multitude of bacterial genome sequences being determined has opened up a new field of research, that of comparative genomics. One role of bioinformatics is to assist biologists in the extraction of biological knowledge from this data flood. Software designed for the analysis and functional annotation of a single genome have, in consequence, evolved towards comparative genomics tools, bringing together the information contained in numerous genomes simultaneously. This paper reviews advances in the development of bacterial annotation and comparative analysis tools, and progress in the design of novel database structures for the integration of heterogeneous biological information. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0923250807001829 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8018 Author: Arcelli, Davide, Cortellessa, Vittorio and Trubiani, Catia Year: 2012 Title: Antipattern-based model refactoring for software performance improvement Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGSOFT conference on Quality of Software Architectures Conference Location: Bertinoro, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 33-42 DOI: 10.1145/2304696.2304704 Place Published: 2304704 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9243 Author: Laplante, P., Hoffman, R. R. and Klein, G. Year: 2007 Title: Antipatterns in the Creation of Intelligent Systems Journal: IEEE Intelligent Systems Volume: 22 Issue: 1 Pages: 91-95 Short Title: Antipatterns in the Creation of Intelligent Systems ISSN: 1541-1672 DOI: 10.1109/MIS.2007.3 Keywords: artificial intelligence object-oriented methods object-oriented programming software architecture software reusability design pattern design rationale design trade-offs expert knowledge intelligent system antipatterns large-scale reuse named problem-solution pair pattern languages problem-solution pairs refactored solution software architectures software design Cognition Functional programming Humans Intelligent systems Machine intelligence Object oriented programming Procurement Research and development Software systems Systems engineering and theory antipattern human-centered computing pattern Abstract: A design pattern is a named problem-solution pair that enables large-scale reuse of software architectures or their components. Ideally, patterns explicitly capture expert knowledge, design trade-offs, and design rationale and make these lessons learned widely available for off-the-shelf use. They can also enhance developers' vocabulary - for example, by easing the transition to object-oriented programming. Conventionally, patterns consist of four elements: a name, the problem to be solved, the solution to the problem (often termed the refactored solution), and the consequences of the solution. Numerous sets of patterns (collectively known as pattern languages) exist for software design, analysis, management, and so on. Shortly after the notion of design patterns emerged, practitioners began discussing problem-solution pairs in which the solution did more harm than good. These have come to be known as antipatterns, and they are well known in the design and management communities Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8577 Author: Backman, Juha, Oksanen, Timo and Visala, Arto Year: 2013 Title: Applicability of the ISO 11783 network in a distributed combined guidance system for agricultural machines Journal: Biosystems Engineering Volume: 114 Issue: 3 Pages: 306-317 Date: 3// Short Title: Applicability of the ISO 11783 network in a distributed combined guidance system for agricultural machines ISSN: 1537-5110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2012.12.017 Abstract: Tractors have developed considerably over recent years. More and more electronics have been added, and nowadays the devices are all able to communicate with one another through a common standardised interface: the ISO 11783 network. The standard defines the roles of devices on the network and provides standard interfaces for the devices to obtain access to the services on other devices. The ISO 11783 standard also provides functions for operating the tractor via remote control. This article discusses the case of a tractor connected to a trailer-type implement, both of which were automated for navigation purposes. The article discusses the requirements for communication architecture to command both the tractor and the implement for guidance. The underlying idea is to handle the guidance system over an ISO 11783 network, which, on the one hand, provides a communication channel, but, on the other hand, also sets limits for information flows. The use of ISO 11783 network in the combined navigation system of a tractor and implement has not previously been reported. The functionality of the proposed navigation system has been tested and proven to work during different test drives. It was found that it is not possible to distribute the controller due to the requirements of the multivariate control problem and the limits of the ISO 11783 network. However, it is possible to transfer all the measurements and controls through the ISO 11783 network. As a result, the article proposes additional messages for the ISO 11783 standard. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1537511013000068 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8558 Author: Peixi, Wang and Jing, Zhang Year: 2011 Title: Application and Design of Fuzzy Intelligent Evaluation Software for Sand Production and Steam Channeling Prediction of Steam Injection Well Journal: Procedia Engineering Volume: 24 Pages: 546-550 Date: // Short Title: Application and Design of Fuzzy Intelligent Evaluation Software for Sand Production and Steam Channeling Prediction of Steam Injection Well ISSN: 1877-7058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2693 Keywords: heavy oil steam injection well sand production steam channeling evaluation and prediction software design Abstract: Fuzzy intelligent evaluation software is designed to predict situation of sand production and steam channeling for steam injection well, which can improve the development effect of heavy oil reservoir. Based on expert knowledge, the software transfers the qualitative knowledge into quantitative index by the use of fuzzy evaluation and grey relational analysis. Combined with actual data of oil field as sample set, the software establishes an intelligent optimization analysis model through neural network and numerical analysis methods. Through multi-model regression analysis, optimum model and its parameters can be chosen to predict the production effect. This software adopts three-tier model, with which the structure has the following advantages: reasonable design, reliable performance, convenient operation, high portability and good expansibility. According to the calculated results of actual data of oil field, the software can predict sand production and steam channeling more effectively, and guide further formulation and improvement of development program. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705811055457 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8512 Author: Lopez, Marta Year: 2003 Title: Application of an evaluation framework for analyzing the architecture tradeoff analysis methodSM Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 68 Issue: 3 Pages: 233-241 Date: 12/15/ Short Title: Application of an evaluation framework for analyzing the architecture tradeoff analysis methodSM ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0164-1212(03)00065-7 Keywords: Software architecture Software architecture evaluation Software architecture styles Abstract: Evaluation is a critical analytical process in all disciplines and fields and therefore also in software engineering. For developing and analyzing an evaluation method a framework of six basic components (target, evaluation criteria, yardstick, data-gathering techniques, synthesis techniques, and evaluation process) can be applied. This framework was developed based on the analysis of theoretical and methodological evaluation concepts applied in software and non-software disciplines. In particular, in this paper we present the application of the framework for analyzing the architecture tradeoff analysis methodSM (ATAMSM), developed by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI). The results of the matching of the framework with the ATAM definition facilitate the identification of each evaluation component and stress some key aspects, such as the relevant role of stakeholders and the significance of attribute-based architectural styles in an ATAM evaluation. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121203000657 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8081 Author: Pavlova, Irena, Mikael, #197, kerholm and Fredriksson, Johan Year: 2006 Title: Application of built-in-testing in component-based embedded systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 51-52 DOI: 10.1145/1147249.1147256 Place Published: 1147256 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9226 Author: Alhussaini, L. J. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Application of component engineering to the design of holistic spell checking algorithm Conference Name: 2012 7th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) Pages: 428-433 Date: 16-19 July 2012 Short Title: Application of component engineering to the design of holistic spell checking algorithm DOI: 10.1109/SYSoSE.2012.6384107 Keywords: Markov processes decision making natural language processing Koala component model Markov model communication activity component engineering application correct spelling decision making system holistic spell checking algorithm design human languages plagiarism detection Algorithm design and analysis Computational modeling Mathematical model Modems Object oriented modeling Vegetation algorithm component engineering holistic software design spell checking Abstract: In the field of human languages, a correct spelling of words is pivot in communication activity. Spell checking of many words at once is the invention of this work. It is a requirement in activities like: book spell checking before publication, plagiarism detection in a thesis against its references. We design a holistic spell checking algorithm system using Koala component model. This system contains three basic sub-systems: input system which is a decision making system to manage user words, and correctly spelled words as rule-out data for user data; behavior system which is a dynamic system of application of Markov model on trees; and output system which is a dynamic system to manage output of ranked suggestion list for user misspelled data. The design model presents an explicit architecture meeting Koala component model requirements. The holistic spell checking system presented a novel problem with a novel application design. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8257 Author: Dama, Robertas, #353, evi, #269, ius, Majauskas, Giedrius, Vytautas, #352 and tuikys Year: 2003 Title: Application of design patterns for hardware design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 40th annual Design Automation Conference Conference Location: Anaheim, CA, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 48-53 DOI: 10.1145/775832.775847 Place Published: 775847 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8999 Author: Damasevicius, R., Majauskas, G. and Stuikys, V. Year of Conference: 2003 Title: Application of design patterns for hardware design Conference Name: Proceedings 2003. Design Automation Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37451) Pages: 48-53 Date: 2-6 June 2003 Short Title: Application of design patterns for hardware design DOI: 10.1109/DAC.2003.1218797 Keywords: circuit CAD hardware-software codesign industrial property integrated circuit design object-oriented methods system-on-chip wrapping design patterns hardware design metaprogramming ssytem-level design processes systems-on-chip design wrapper design pattern Application software Hardware Intellectual property Pattern analysis Permission Productivity Software design Software engineering System-on-a-chip Unified modeling language Abstract: Design pattersn, which encapsulate common solutions to the recurring design problems, have contributed to the increased reuse, quality and productivity in software design. We argue that hardware design pattern could be used for customizing and integrating the Intellectual Property (IP) components into System-on-Chip designs. We formulate the role of design patterns in HW design, and describe their implementation using metaprogramming. We propose a Wrapper design pattern for adapting the behavior of the soft IPs, and demonstrate its application to the communication interface synthesis. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9493 Author: Belyakov, S., Bozheniuk, V. and Khashkovsky, V. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Application of fuzzy deductive inference scheme to pointer control Conference Name: 2016 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics (CINTI) Pages: 000257-000260 Date: 17-19 Nov. 2016 Short Title: Application of fuzzy deductive inference scheme to pointer control DOI: 10.1109/CINTI.2016.7846414 Keywords: decision making electromyography fuzzy reasoning medical signal processing EMG decision making software electromyogram fuzzy deductive inference scheme pointer control Computational intelligence Decision support systems Hardware Informatics Software design Abstract: The decision-making software of the project "Hardware and software design for a pointer control with EMG" is considered in this paper. The theory of fuzzy deductive inference scheme, which was suggested in our previous works, was applied to control a pointer of a computer. The electromyogram (EMG) of a hand is acquired with electromiograph and serves as input data for a decision-making software. The coordinates of the pointer are the output of the software. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9180 Author: Vadari, S. and Jason Ta-Kang, Ma Year of Conference: 1995 Title: Application of object-oriented techniques to software development in an EMS environment Conference Name: Proceedings of Power Industry Computer Applications Conference Pages: 481-487 Date: 7-12 May 1995 Short Title: Application of object-oriented techniques to software development in an EMS environment DOI: 10.1109/PICA.1995.515281 Keywords: expert systems load management object-oriented programming power system control software engineering user interfaces EMS environment PC applications case study integration processes intuitive user interface multiple environments object-oriented techniques power system operations procedural systems software design software development software maintenance source database design structural programming workstations Application software Control systems Object oriented programming Power system analysis computing Power systems Abstract: Power system operations and control are becoming more and more complex. The developers are being forced to analyze multiple environments (PC/workstations, expert systems or procedural systems, structural programming or object-oriented (OO) programming, and others) in order to deliver the capabilities that are expected from them. In this paper, the authors share some of the insights that they have learned over the period of developing applications in a multi-hardware platform/multi-operating system environment: application of OO technology to simplify the software design, maintenance, and integration processes; provide a unified abstract interface to be integrated with other software components; use the same OO paradigm to design various parts of the system; provide an intuitive user interface; and reduce software development and maintenance costs. The authors have also provided a source database design case study to illustrate the use of OO technology in EMS application development. Some ideas explored in this paper have been fully utilized Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8722 Author: Whitehouse, Gary E., Hanson, Greg and Orooji, Ali Year: 1990 Title: Application of SLAM in the design and performance analysis of a multi-processor database system Journal: Computers & Industrial Engineering Volume: 18 Issue: 1 Pages: 49-67 Date: // Short Title: Application of SLAM in the design and performance analysis of a multi-processor database system ISSN: 0360-8352 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(90)90041-J Abstract: The software-oriented, multi-processor database systems are characterized by a set of processing elements (PEs) which run identical software and operate on a partitioned database in parallel. Performance improvements and capacity growth can be achieved in this type of system by adding PEs to the configuration and replicating the existing software on the added PEs. Much work has been done applying graph theory, queuing theory, algorithmic approaches, and analytical techniques towards the design of multi-processor database systems. This paper describes a simulation approach and the application of a simulation language, SLAM, to the design and performance analysis of one such multi-processor database system. The system, relational replicated database system (RRDS), was developed using a five-phase design process. Simulation and analytical techniques were used throughout the development to determine critical elements, components, and design issues, and to evaluate proposed solutions. RRDS was modeled as an open queuing system with SLAM service times determined analytically. The model consisted of a workload scenario generator, a query processing module, and a statistics collection module. In phase one of the simulation study, different hardware organizations were evaluated. Results indicated that the RRDS approach performs approximately three times better than other approaches such as SIMD, MIMD, and functional specialization. In phase two, algorithms and mechanisms for data access were developed. Results favored the B+-tree approach over the clustering approach. A data placement strategy was determined in phase three. Results indicated that the value range partitioning (VRP) approach is more desirable than the round-robin (RR) approach. In phase four, a directory management strategy was selected. Results favored a partitioned and parallel-processed directory, as opposed to a rotating approach. Finally, phase five consisted reveal system strengths and weaknesses, and gain insight into optimal RRDS operating environments. This approach to database system design is both iterative and evolutionary, and can be applied regardless of the type of system being considered. Simulation can be a useful tool in all phases of database system design, from the actual physical hardware architecture to the resolution of software design questions. It plays an important role in predictive performance analysis to determine the extent to which original design goals are achieved. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/036083529090041J Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8596 Author: Zhou, Jian-zhong, Liu, Xiao-li, Huang, Kai-hong, Dong, Ming-sheng and Jiang, Han-hu Year: 2007 Title: Application of the Mixture Design to Design the Formulation of Pure Cultures in Tibetan kefir Journal: Agricultural Sciences in China Volume: 6 Issue: 11 Pages: 1383-1389 Date: 11// Short Title: Application of the Mixture Design to Design the Formulation of Pure Cultures in Tibetan kefir ISSN: 1671-2927 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1671-2927(07)60187-4 Keywords: mixture design Tibetan kefir pure cultures optimization Abstract: To obtain the optimization formulation of pure cultures in Tibetan kefir, the influence of the different mixtures of five strains in the pure cultures in Tibetan kefir on the flavor components in fermented milk was studied using the mixture design. The regression model on microorganism composition and main metabolites was established. The results suggested that the predictable production of lactate reached the maximum of 8.16 g L−1, while the most predictable production of diacetyl, ethanol, and CO2 were 77.23 mg L−1, 4259 mg L−1, and 2.12 g L−1, respectively. Based on these, the response values that satisfied all expectations were optimized, and the most excellent combination was Lactococcus lactis 27%, Leuconostoc mesenteroides 37%, Lactobacillus kefiri 11%, Lactobacillus casei 10%, and Kluyveromyces marxianus 15%. With the aid of analysis software (Design-expert 6.0.5), the formulation of pure cultures in Tibetan kefir can be optimized for several responses and the best formulation can be obtained. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1671292707601874 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8548 Author: van der Spek, Pieter and Klusener, Steven Year: 2011 Title: Applying a dynamic threshold to improve cluster detection of LSI Journal: Science of Computer Programming Volume: 76 Issue: 12 Pages: 1261-1274 Date: 12/1/ Short Title: Applying a dynamic threshold to improve cluster detection of LSI ISSN: 0167-6423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2010.12.004 Keywords: Feature extraction Clustering Reverse engineering Software architecture Latent Semantic Indexing Abstract: Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) is a standard approach for extracting and representing the meaning of words in a large set of documents. Recently it has been shown that it is also useful for identifying concerns in source code. The tree cutting strategy plays an important role in obtaining the clusters, which identify the concerns. In this contribution the authors compare two tree cutting strategies: the Dynamic Hybrid cut and the commonly used fixed height threshold. Two case studies have been performed on the source code of Philips Healthcare to compare the results using both approaches. While some of the settings are particular to the Philips-case, the results show that applying a dynamic threshold, implemented by the Dynamic Hybrid cut, is an improvement over the fixed height threshold in the detection of clusters representing relevant concerns. This makes the approach as a whole more usable in practice. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642310002297 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8237 Author: Sharma, Tushar, Samarthyam, Ganesh and Suryanarayana, Girish Year: 2015 Title: Applying Design Principles in Practice Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th India Software Engineering Conference Conference Location: Bangalore, India Publisher: ACM Pages: 200-201 DOI: 10.1145/2723742.2723764 Place Published: 2723764 Abstract: It is widely recognized that the systematic application of relevant design principles plays a key role in taming the complexity involved in real-world software development. In our experience as consultant architects and trainers on software architecture and design in a corporate setting, we find that software engineers have a theoretical understanding of design principles but sorely lack knowledge about how to properly apply them to in real-world situations to achieve high-quality design. This half-day tutorial is geared towards bridging this gap. It first introduces fundamental design principles (viz. abstraction, encapsulation, modularization, and hierarchy) and describes how these can be applied using a set of corresponding enabling techniques. Next, it discusses how design smells can be viewed as violations of these enabling techniques, and explains how these design smells can be refactored via the application of relevant design principles. Finally, it highlights useful tools, processes, and practical techniques that support the application of design principles in real-world software projects. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9219 Author: Tie, Feng and Maletic, J. I. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Applying Dynamic Change Impact Analysis in Component-based Architecture Design Conference Name: Seventh ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking, and Parallel/Distributed Computing (SNPD'06) Pages: 43-48 Date: 19-20 June 2006 Short Title: Applying Dynamic Change Impact Analysis in Component-based Architecture Design DOI: 10.1109/SNPD-SAWN.2006.21 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language object-oriented programming program slicing software architecture software maintenance SOCIAT UML sequence diagram architecture design component interaction trace component-based software architecture composition-based software architecture dynamic change impact analysis software evolution static structure model Computer architecture Computer science Educational institutions Performance analysis Programming Software algorithms Software engineering Taxonomy Change impact analysis component composition Abstract: Change impact analysis plays an important role in maintenance and evolution of component-based software architecture. Viewing component replacement as a change to composition-based software architecture, this paper proposes a component interaction trace based approach to support dynamic change impact analysis at software architecture level. Given an architectural change, our approach determines the architecture elements causing the change and impacted by the change. Firstly, component-based software architecture and component interaction trace are defined. An algorithm for generating component interaction trace from static structure model of software architecture and UML sequence diagram is provided. Secondly, the taxonomy of changes on composition-based software architecture is presented, according to which a set of impact rules are suggested to determine the transfer of the changes in component and among components. Thirdly, by performing slicing on component interaction traces according to impact rules, the impact analysis results are obtained. Finally, the architecture design of SOCIAT, a tool supporting our approach, is developed and explained Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9631 Author: Pereira, D., Zárate, L. and Song, M. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Applying Formal Concept Analysis to assist class hierarchy construction in biomedical systems Conference Name: 2013 6th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics Pages: 705-711 Date: 16-18 Dec. 2013 Short Title: Applying Formal Concept Analysis to assist class hierarchy construction in biomedical systems ISBN: 1948-2914 DOI: 10.1109/BMEI.2013.6747030 Keywords: bioinformatics formal concept analysis medical computing object-oriented programming software engineering biomedical systems class hierarchy class hierarchy construction class hierarchy generation maximum class factoring medical informatics object-oriented software development systems biology troubleshoot hierarchy Context Context modeling Lattices Object oriented modeling Software Unified modeling language Class Hierarchy Engineering FCA Object-Oriented Abstract: The class hierarchy is one of the most important activities of the object-oriented software development. The class design and its hierarchy is a difficult task especially when what is sought is an extensive and complex modeling. An inaccurate or incomplete class hierarchy entails manufacturing defects of the software, making it difficult to maintain or make corrections. The software design in areas like bioinformatics, systems biology and medical informatics usually requires of the designer expertise in biology and medicine, which makes it even more difficult to model class structures. This paper provides guidance for class hierarchy generation which can also be applied to database schema. The use of Formal Concept Analysis provides a theory which enables troubleshoot hierarchy of classes to accomplish the maximum factoring of classes while preserving the relationships of specialization. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8803 Author: Holzinger, A., Struggl, K. H. and Debevc, M. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Applying Model-View-Controller (MVC) in design and development of information systems: An example of smart assistive script breakdown in an e-Business application Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on e-Business (ICE-B) Pages: 1-6 Date: 26-28 July 2010 Short Title: Applying Model-View-Controller (MVC) in design and development of information systems: An example of smart assistive script breakdown in an e-Business application Keywords: Internet business data processing cinematography information systems software development management e-business film management software film production model view controller movie script software design software development textmarkers user satisfaction Data models Electric breakdown Films Production Prototypes Software Tagging Model-view-controller (MVC) Script Breakdown Software Design Patterns Abstract: Information systems are supporting professionals in all areas of e-Business. In this paper we concentrate on our experiences in the design and development of information systems for the use in film production processes. Professionals working in this area are neither computer experts, nor interested in spending much time for information systems. Consequently, to provide a useful, useable and enjoyable application the system must be extremely suited to the requirements and demands of those professionals. One of the most important tasks at the beginning of a film production is to break down the movie script into its elements and aspects, and create a solid estimate of production costs based on the resulting breakdown data. Several film production software applications provide interfaces to support this task. However, most attempts suffer from numerous usability deficiencies. As a result, many film producers still use script printouts and textmarkers to highlight script elements, and transfer the data manually into their film management software. This paper presents a novel approach for unobtrusive and efficient script breakdown using a new way of breaking down text into its relevant elements. We demonstrate how the implementation of this interface benefits from employing the Model-View-Controller (MVC) as underlying software design paradigm in terms of both software development confidence and user satisfaction. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8025 Author: Alebrahim, Azadeh and Heisel, Maritta Year: 2015 Title: Applying performance patterns for requirements analysis Conference Name: Proceedings of the 20th European Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs Conference Location: Kaufbeuren, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-15 DOI: 10.1145/2855321.2855357 Place Published: 2855357 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8677 Author: Ichiko, Takao Year: 1990 Title: An Approach for High Quality Software A2 - Berg, John L Editor: Schumny, Harald Book Title: An Analysis of the Information Technology Standardization Process Place Published: Amsterdam Publisher: Elsevier Pages: 177-188 Short Title: An Approach for High Quality Software A2 - Berg, John L ISBN: 978-0-444-87390-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-87390-3.50029-3 Abstract: Key words: Software Quality, Productivity, Mainframe Computer Software, Subsystem Analyses, Integrated Design Method, Component, Load Balance, Data Flow, Design Change, Repeatability, Communication Link, Parallel Processing, Application Specific Expert, Optimization, Process Model of Computing, Intelligent Design Aid. Abstract This paper is concerned with new software design approach for achieving high quality technology. It describes a more effective integrated software design method enabling a designer to more flexibly design and more easily apply his application design concepts with high concurrency in components and parallelism in component networks. This compares favourably with design based on conventional mainframe computer under machine constraints. Besides reporting experiments, future design issues and possibilities are also discussed. This design method was investigated by the efficient introduction of a VLSI component (:32 bit microprocessor), on the basis of a fundamental paradigm composed of a high performance module component and high quality software with tool engineering bridging between the two. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444873903500293 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8428 Author: Ramírez, Aurora, Romero, José Raúl and Ventura, Sebastián Year: 2015 Title: An approach for the evolutionary discovery of software architectures Journal: Information Sciences Volume: 305 Pages: 234-255 Date: 6/1/ Short Title: An approach for the evolutionary discovery of software architectures ISSN: 0020-0255 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2015.01.017 Keywords: Search based software engineering Software architecture discovery Evolutionary algorithms Ranking aggregation fitness Abstract: Software architectures constitute important analysis artefacts in software projects, as they reflect the main functional blocks of the software. They provide high-level analysis artefacts that are useful when architects need to analyse the structure of working systems. Normally, they do this process manually, supported by their prior experiences. Even so, the task can be very tedious when the actual design is unclear due to continuous uncontrolled modifications. Since the recent appearance of search based software engineering, multiple tasks in the area of software engineering have been formulated as complex search and optimisation problems, where evolutionary computation has found a new area of application. This paper explores the design of an evolutionary algorithm (EA) for the discovery of the underlying architecture of software systems. Important efforts have been directed towards the creation of a generic and human-oriented process. Hence, the selection of a comprehensible encoding, a fitness function inspired by accurate software design metrics, and a genetic operator simulating architectural transformations all represent important characteristics of the proposed approach. Finally, a complete parameter study and experimentation have been performed using real software systems, looking for a generic evolutionary approach to help software engineers towards their decision making process. Notes: Development of an algorithm for decision support - no human behavior (just partly) URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020025515000559 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9412 Author: Norouzi, A., Acosta, C. A. and Changjiu, Zhou Year of Conference: 2012 Title: An approach to design a robust and intelligent multi-agent system Conference Name: World Automation Congress 2012 Pages: 1-6 Date: 24-28 June 2012 Short Title: An approach to design a robust and intelligent multi-agent system ISBN: 2154-4824 Abstract: A successful multi-agent system requires the intelligent agents to perform within a dynamically complex environment where proper and quick response in a cooperative manner is a primary key to successfully complete a task. This paper proposes a nondeterministic decision making method using electric fields and high-level decision making. Different layers are designed, defined, and implemented for the software architecture with focus on system adaptability, sustainability, and optimization. The proposed decision making approach in this paper is based on layered artificial intelligence implemented using vector-based fuzzy electric fields and a decision tree. Furthermore, an approach to model the world which is, in this paper, called Agent Relative Polar Localization is introduced. This world model is based on fuzzy measurements and polar coordinates. In order to optimize the overall performance of the system learning methods have been introduced to the system. The proposed system in this paper has been implemented on soccer robots to evaluate the performance of the system. The results show that the proposed system implemented on the soccer robots is reliable and robust. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9483 Author: Norouzi, A. and Acosta, C. A. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: An approach to design a robust software architecture and an intelligent model for multi-agent systems Conference Name: 2013 3rd Joint Conference of AI & Robotics and 5th RoboCup Iran Open International Symposium Pages: 1-7 Date: 8-8 April 2013 Short Title: An approach to design a robust software architecture and an intelligent model for multi-agent systems DOI: 10.1109/RIOS.2013.6595315 Keywords: control engineering computing decision making decision trees fuzzy set theory learning (artificial intelligence) mobile robots multi-robot systems software architecture sport AI algorithms agent relative polar localization decision tree fuzzy measurements high-level decision making intelligent agents intelligent model layered artificial intelligence multiagent systems nondeterministic decision making method polar coordinates robust software architecture design soccer robots system learning methods vector-based fuzzy electric fields Computer architecture Hardware Logic gates Mathematical model Software Vectors Abstract: A successful multi-agent system requires the intelligent agents to perform within a dynamically complex environment where proper and quick response in a cooperative manner is a primary key to successfully complete a task. This paper proposes a non-deterministic decision making method using electric fields and high-level decision making. Different layers are designed, defined, and implemented for the software architecture with focus on system adaptability, sustainability, and optimization. Consequently, a software architecture is proposed in this paper to complement the AI algorithms. The proposed architecture aims to provide a well-structured and managed system for control, behavior, and decision making of multi-agent systems. The proposed decision making approach in this paper is based on layered artificial intelligence implemented using vector-based fuzzy electric fields and a decision tree. Furthermore, an approach to model the world which, in this paper, is called Agent Relative Polar Localization is introduced. This world model is based on fuzzy measurements and polar coordinates. In order to optimize the overall performance of the system learning methods have been introduced to the system. The proposed system in this paper has been implemented on soccer robots to evaluate the performance of the system. The results show that the proposed system implemented on the soccer robots is reliable and robust. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9160 Author: Gašević, D., Zouaq, A., Torniai, C., Jovanović, J. and Hatala, M. Year: 2011 Title: An Approach to Folksonomy-Based Ontology Maintenance for Learning Environments Journal: IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies Volume: 4 Issue: 4 Pages: 301-314 Short Title: An Approach to Folksonomy-Based Ontology Maintenance for Learning Environments ISSN: 1939-1382 DOI: 10.1109/TLT.2011.21 Keywords: computer aided instruction ontologies (artificial intelligence) semantic Web software architecture advanced learning environment collaborative tags folksonomy-based ontology maintenance learning environments ontology development ontology-enhanced learning environment ontology-enhanced metrics user interaction interface visualization Collaboration Learning systems Maintenance engineering Ontologies Semantics Tag clouds Computer uses in education applications and expert knowledge-intensive systems. collaborative learning ontology design Abstract: Recent research in learning technologies has demonstrated many promising contributions from the use of ontologies and semantic web technologies for the development of advanced learning environments. In spite of those benefits, ontology development and maintenance remain the key research challenges to be solved before ontology-enhanced learning environments are widely used. In this paper, we present an approach to ontology maintenance based on the use of collaborative tags contributed by learners while using learning environments. Our contribution is twofold: 1) a visualization and user interaction interface supporting the tasks of enriching ontologies with selected collaborative tags; and 2) ontology-enhanced metrics that are used for measuring semantic relatedness between collaborative tags and ontology concepts and for recommending tags which are relevant to a given ontological concept. We developed a software architecture as a proof of concept and a tool for the evaluation of our proposal. This tool is used to conduct the evaluation of the usability and effectiveness of the proposed method. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9200 Author: Bertolino, A., Inverardi, P., Muccini, H. and Rosetti, A. Year of Conference: 1997 Title: An approach to integration testing based on architectural descriptions Conference Name: Proceedings. Third IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (Cat. No.97TB100168) Pages: 77-84 Date: 8-12 Sep 1997 Short Title: An approach to integration testing based on architectural descriptions DOI: 10.1109/ICECCS.1997.622299 Keywords: data flow graphs program testing software engineering CHAM formalism architectural descriptions coverage strategy formal architectural descriptions integration testing software architectures unit testing Computer architecture Performance evaluation Phase detection Programming Software architecture Software maintenance Software systems Software testing Synthetic aperture sonar System testing Abstract: Software architectures can play a role in improving the testing process of complex systems. In particular descriptions of the software architecture can be useful to drive integration testing, since they supply information about how the software is structured in parts and how those parts (are expected to) interact. We propose to use formal architectural descriptions to model the “interesting” behaviour of the system. This model is at a right level of abstraction to be used as a formal base on which integration test strategies can be devised. Starting from a formal description of the software architecture (given in the CHAM formalism), we first derive a graph of all the possible behaviours of the system in terms of the interactions between its components. This graph contains altogether the information we need for the planning of integration testing. On this comprehensive model, we then identify a suitable set of reduced graphs, each highlighting specific architectural properties of the system. These reduced graphs can be used for the generation of integration tests according to a coverage strategy, analogously to what happens with the control and data flow graphs in unit testing Notes: Testing procedure - not about behavior Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9148 Author: Durisic, D., Staron, M. and Tichy, M. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: ARCA -- Automated Analysis of AUTOSAR Meta-model Changes Conference Name: 2015 IEEE/ACM 7th International Workshop on Modeling in Software Engineering Pages: 30-35 Date: 16-17 May 2015 Short Title: ARCA -- Automated Analysis of AUTOSAR Meta-model Changes ISBN: 2156-7883 DOI: 10.1109/MiSE.2015.13 Keywords: automotive electronics electronic engineering computing open systems software architecture ARCA tool AUTOSAR meta-model changes AUTOSAR standard European market automotive open system architecture automotive software systems software innovation cycle Analytical models Automotive engineering Complexity theory Couplings Measurement Software Unified modeling language Abstract: The software architecture of automotive software systems on the European market and wider is designed following the AUTOSAR standard. This requires continuous adoption of new AUTOSAR releases in the development projects in order to enable new innovative solutions in cars. Under these circumstances, the analysis of impact of the AUTOSAR meta-model changes on the modeling tools used in the development is crucial for avoiding delays and increased cost. However due to tens of new features combined with thousands of meta-model changes between consecutive releases of AUTOSAR, tool support is needed for such analysis. In this paper we present a systematic method and a tool - ARCA - for automated analysis of the AUTOSAR meta-model changes. The tool is able to identify relevant changes affecting modeling tools used by different roles in the development process and present the optimal set of new features to be adopted in the projects. The goal of the tool is to enable faster and cheaper software innovation cycles in cars. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8284 Author: Durisic, Darko, Staron, Miroslaw and Tichy, Matthias Year: 2015 Title: ARCA: automated analysis of AUTOSAR meta-model changes Conference Name: Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Modeling in Software Engineering Conference Location: Florence, Italy Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 30-35 Place Published: 2820497 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8221 Author: Ubayashi, Naoyasu, Di, Ai and Kamei, Yasutaka Year: 2013 Title: Archface4COP: architectural interface for context-oriented programming Conference Name: Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Context-Oriented Programming Conference Location: Montpellier, France Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-6 DOI: 10.1145/2489793.2489794 Place Published: 2489794 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8901 Author: Gao, Y. and Hou, D. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: ArchFLoc: Locating and explaining architectural features in running web applications Conference Name: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME) Pages: 333-335 Date: Sept. 29 2015-Oct. 1 2015 Short Title: ArchFLoc: Locating and explaining architectural features in running web applications DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2015.7332482 Keywords: Internet software architecture software maintenance user interfaces ArchFLoc Web applications architectural level features code artifacts code dependency feature location process feature query feature request software artifact software maintenance process user interface elements Browsers Documentation Java Servers Software Uniform resource locators DWR JSP Servlet Software evolution Spring feature location web application Abstract: Feature location is a critical step in the software maintenance process where a developer identifies the software artifacts that need to be changed in order to fulfill a new feature request. Much progress has been made in understanding the feature location process and in creating new tools to help a developer in performing this task. However, there is still lack of support for locating architectural features, ones that require a developer to touch on more than one architectural component. We demonstrate a tool called ArchFLoc that can be used to discover and highlight architectural level features that are otherwise hidden in a software system. ArchFLoc is integrated into user interfaces, so the developer can express a feature query by directly interacting with user interface elements at runtime. Based on the user query, ArchFLoc discovers relevant code artifacts and dependencies, and assembles documentation to explain their roles in the overall architectural design. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8241 Author: Mirakhorli, Mehdi, Fakhry, Ahmed, Grechko, Artem, Wieloch, Matteusz and Cleland-Huang, Jane Year: 2014 Title: Archie: a tool for detecting, monitoring, and preserving architecturally significant code Conference Name: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering Conference Location: Hong Kong, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 739-742 DOI: 10.1145/2635868.2661671 Place Published: 2661671 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8939 Author: Ameller, D., Collell, O. and Franch, X. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: ArchiTech: Tool support for NFR-guided architectural decision-making Conference Name: 2012 20th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE) Pages: 315-316 Date: 24-28 Sept. 2012 Short Title: ArchiTech: Tool support for NFR-guided architectural decision-making ISBN: 1090-705X DOI: 10.1109/RE.2012.6345821 Keywords: Computer architecture Decision making Information systems Simulated annealing Software Software architecture Non-functional requirement architectural decision computer-aided support system Abstract: Researchers from requirements engineering and software architecture had emphasized the importance of NonFunctional Requirements and their influence in the architectural design process. To improve this process we have designed a tool, ArchiTech, which aims to support architects during the design process by suggesting alternative architectural decisions that can improve some types of non-functional requirements in a particular project, and facilitate the reuse of architectural knowledge shared between projects of the same architectural domain (e.g., web-based applications). Notes: Tool Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9381 Author: Vickers, B. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Architecting a software architect Conference Name: 2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8720) Volume: 6 Pages: 4155-4161 Vol.6 Date: 6-13 March 2004 Short Title: Architecting a software architect ISBN: 1095-323X DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2004.1368238 Keywords: aerospace computing aerospace engineering educational courses industrial training on-the-job training software architecture Jet Propulsion Laboratory aerospace software development aerospace systems educational program software architect program software engineering software engineers software systems Educational programs Programming Propulsion Software development management Software standards Standards development Abstract: Software architecture is a relatively new software engineering discipline that has emerged as a response to the growing complexity of software systems and the problems these systems attempt to solve. Software is becoming the dominant component of most aerospace systems and it is necessary for the aerospace software development community to develop new practices, principles, and standards to manage this growing complexity. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has developed and implemented a year-long educational program designed to develop expertise in software architectures and to train future software architects. Now in its third year, the software architect program (SWAP) selects senior software engineers and then apprentices them as software architects. The objective of this paper is to describe the structure of the SWAP, the program's background, how the program has evolved, and the lessons learned from the implementation of this educational program. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9301 Author: Poort, E. R. and Vliet, H. v. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Architecting as a Risk- and Cost Management Discipline Conference Name: 2011 Ninth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 2-11 Date: 20-24 June 2011 Short Title: Architecting as a Risk- and Cost Management Discipline DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2011.11 Keywords: decision making risk management software architecture business stakeholders cost management discipline risk management discipline Computer architecture Context Organizations Software architecture process solution architecture Abstract: We propose to view architecting as a risk- and cost management discipline. This point of view helps architects identify the key concerns to address in their decision making, by providing a simple, relatively objective way to assess architectural significance. It also helps business stakeholders to align the architect's activities and results with their own goals. We examine the consequences of this point of view on the architecture process, and give some guidance on its implementation, using examples from practicing architects trained in this approach. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8043 Author: Zdun, Uwe, Avgeriou, Paris, Hentrich, Carsten and Dustdar, Schahram Year: 2008 Title: Architecting as decision making with patterns and primitives Conference Name: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Sharing and reusing architectural knowledge Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 11-18 DOI: 10.1145/1370062.1370066 Place Published: 1370066 Abstract: The application of patterns is used as a foundation for many central design decisions in software architecture, but because of the informal nature of patterns, these design decisions are usually not precisely documented in the models. In our earlier work, we had proposed pattern primitives as a solution to precisely model the patterns in the corresponding architectural views. Building upon that approach, this paper introduces a pattern-based architecting process that aims at inexpensively documenting design decisions in the architectural views alongside the natural flow of design. The decisions that are made explicit, concern the selection of patterns, their variants and the corresponding primitives, as well as the resolution of inconsistencies between the architectural views. The approach is demonstrated in the domain of process-driven SOA for two architectural views: Component-and-Connector and Process Flow. Notes: just framework, no research on behavior Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7974 Author: Haitzer, Thomas, Navarro, Elena and Zdun, Uwe Year: 2015 Title: Architecting for decision making about code evolution Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-7 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797487 Place Published: 2797487 Abstract: During software evolution, it is important to evolve not only the source code, but also its architecture to prevent architecture drift and architecture erosion. This is a complex activity, especially for large software projects, with multiple development teams that might be located in different countries or on different continents. To ease this kind of evolution, we have developed a domain-specific language for making decisions about the evolution. It supports the definition of architectural changes based on multiple implementation tasks that can have temporal dependencies among each other. Then, by means of a model-to-model transformation, we automatically create a constraint model that we use to generate, by means of the Alloy model analyzer, the possible alternative decisions for executing the implementation tasks. The tight integration with architecture abstractions enables architects to automatically check the changes related to an implementation task in relation to the architecture description. This helps keeping architecture and code in sync, avoiding drift and erosion. Notes: Tool to document - no behavior Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7975 Author: Shahin, Mojtaba Year: 2015 Title: Architecting for DevOps and Continuous Deployment Conference Name: Proceedings of the ASWEC 2015 24th Australasian Software Engineering Conference Conference Location: Adelaide, SA, Australia Publisher: ACM Pages: 147-148 DOI: 10.1145/2811681.2824996 Place Published: 2824996 Abstract: Development and Operations (DevOps) in the context of Continuous Deployment (CD) have emerged as an attractive software development movement, which tries to establish a strong connection between development and operations teams. CD is defined as the ability to quickly put new releases into production. We believe that DevOps/CD brings new challenges for architects, which considerably impacts both on their (architectural) design decisions and their organizational responsibilities. We assert that there is an important and urgent need of sufficient research work to gain a deep understanding of how DevOps/CD adoption can influence architecting, architectural decision-making processes and their outcomes in an organization. This PhD research is aimed at understanding and addressing new challenges for designing architectures for supporting DevOps in the context of CD. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8586 Author: Folmer, Eelke and Bosch, Jan Year: 2004 Title: Architecting for usability: a survey Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 70 Issue: 1–2 Pages: 61-78 Date: 2// Short Title: Architecting for usability: a survey ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0164-1212(02)00159-0 Keywords: Software architecture Usability Design for quality attributes Abstract: Over the years the software engineering community has increasingly realized the important role software architecture plays in fulfilling the quality requirements of a system. The quality attributes of a software system are, to a large extent determined by the system’s software architecture. In recent years, the software engineering community has developed various tools and techniques that allow for design for quality attributes, such as performance or maintainability, at the software architecture level. We believe this design approach can be applied not only to “traditional” quality attributes such as performance or maintainability but also to usability. This survey explores the feasibility of such a design approach. Current practice is surveyed from the perspective of a software architect. Are there any design methods that allow for design for usability at the architectural level? Are there any evaluation tools that allow assessment of architectures for their support of usability? What is usability? A framework is presented which visualizes these three research questions. Usability should drive design at all stages, but current usability engineering practice fails to fully achieve this goal. Our survey shows that there are no design techniques or assessment tools that allow for design for usability at the architectural level. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121202001590 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7881 Author: Cataldo, Marcelo and Herbsleb, James D. Year: 2010 Title: Architecting in software ecosystems: interface translucence as an enabler for scalable collaboration Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 65-72 DOI: 10.1145/1842752.1842772 Place Published: 1842772 Abstract: Software ecosystems are emerging as an alternative approach for the development of complex software systems. The potentially transformational benefits of software ecosystems stems, primarily, from two basic principles that software ecosystems have embraced: transparency, a pillar in open source development, and modular system design. Despite the benefits associated with transparency and modularity, there are also important challenges that deserve attention. In this paper, we introduce the concept of interface translucence as an architectural mechanism that seeks to overcome challenges faced by transparency and modular system design. Interface translucence leverages the important technical role that interfaces play in software architectures to bridge the technical and socio-organizational dimensions of software development in ecosystems. We present an application of the concept of interface translucence in the context of architecting a software system as well as in the context of implementing it. We conclude with a discussion of future research work. Notes: Not on behavior focused Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9064 Author: Woods, E. Year: 2015 Title: Architecting in the Gaps: A Metaphor for Architecture Work Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 32 Issue: 4 Pages: 33-35 Short Title: Architecting in the Gaps: A Metaphor for Architecture Work ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2015.98 Keywords: software architecture software architect role software development teams system overall efficiency Software development software design software engineering Abstract: The metaphor "architecting in the gaps" can help software development teams clearly understand the software architect's role and how architecture contributes to a system's overall efficiency. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9327 Author: López-Nores, M., Blanco-Fernández, Y. and Pazos-Arias, J. J. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Architecting multimedia-rich collaborative learning services over Interactive Digital TV Conference Name: 5th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies Pages: 1-6 Date: 16-19 June 2010 Short Title: Architecting multimedia-rich collaborative learning services over Interactive Digital TV ISBN: 2166-0727 Keywords: Java computer aided instruction computer aided software engineering digital television groupware interactive television multimedia systems peer-to-peer computing software architecture CASE tool Java-based software architecture distributed t-learning educational service interactive digital TV multimedia-rich collaborative learning service peer-to-peer basis student community visual development Communities Context HDTV Internet Receivers XML MHP P2P collaborative t-learning virtual communities Abstract: Distance learning has developed greatly in recent years, and several major technological approaches have been defined. One of these is t-learning, that is, the provision of educational services over Interactive Digital TV. In this paper, we present a Java-based software architecture for the development of distributed t-learning applications and services, based on freely available technologies. The proposed framework provides convenient support for the specific needs of t-learning with strong emphasis on interactivity, promoting the creation of student communities and shared workspaces on a peer-to-peer basis. We also introduce a CASE tool for visual development of such services, distributing their functionality among a number of sceneries that provide for differentiated roles among those in a community. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8582 Author: Ferrari, Remo N. and Madhavji, Nazim H. Year: 2008 Title: Architecting-problems rooted in requirements Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 50 Issue: 1–2 Pages: 53-66 Date: 1// Short Title: Architecting-problems rooted in requirements ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2007.10.012 Keywords: Requirements engineering Software architecture Software quality Process improvement Empirical study Abstract: Requirements permeate many parts of the software development process outside the requirements engineering (RE) process. It is thus important to determine whether software developers in these other areas of software development face any requirements-oriented (RO) problems in carrying out their tasks. Feedback so obtained can be invaluable for improving both requirements and RE technologies. In this paper, we describe an exploratory case study of requirements-oriented problems experienced by 16 architecting teams designing the same banking application. The study found that there were several different types of RO problems, of varying severity, which the architects faced in using the given requirements; those architects with RE background also faced RO problems; and about a third of all problems were RO problems. There was much concurrence of our findings with software-expert opinion from a large insurance company. There were also areas where there were relatively few RO problems. The paper also describes some implications of the findings for the RE field, particularly in the areas of: expression of quality requirements for different stakeholders; empirical studies on quality scenarios; tighter integration of RE and software architecting processes; and requirements to architecture mapping. There are opportunities for further research based on two emergent hypotheses which are also described in this paper. Notes: student URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095058490700119X 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://0781279421/Architecting-problems rooted in requirements.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8912 Author: Faber, R. Year: 2010 Title: Architects as Service Providers Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 27 Issue: 2 Pages: 33-40 Short Title: Architects as Service Providers ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2010.37 Keywords: encoding software architecture software development management agile development projects application developers architects coding activities service providers system qualities agile development development teams management software engineering software engineering process software process models Abstract: Architects provide those system qualities as values to their customers, communicating and implementing them in close cooperation with developers. In this way, architects also can and should play an important role in agile development projects. As a service to application developers, architects participate in coding activities and sustain the architecture's effectiveness throughout a project's lifetime. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7849 Author: Angelov, Samuil, Meesters, Marcel and Galster, Matthias Year: 2016 Title: Architects in Scrum: What Challenges Do They Face? Editor: Tekinerdogan, Bedir, Zdun, Uwe and Babar, Ali Book Title: Software Architecture: 10th European Conference, ECSA 2016, Copenhagen, Denmark, November 28 -- December 2, 2016, Proceedings Place Published: Cham Publisher: Springer International Publishing Pages: 229-237 Short Title: Architects in Scrum: What Challenges Do They Face? ISBN: 978-3-319-48992-6 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48992-6_17 Label: Angelov2016 Abstract: Context: Even though Scrum (the most popular agile software development approach) does not consider architecting an explicit activity, research and professional literature provide insights into how to approach architecting in agile development projects. However, challenges faced by architects in Scrum when performing tasks relevant to the architects’ role are still unexplored. Objective: We aim at identifying challenges that architects face in Scrum and how they tackle them. Method: We conducted a case study involving interviews with architects from six Dutch companies. Results: Challenges faced by architects are mostly related to the autonomy of development teams and expected competences of Product Owners. Conclusions: The results presented in this paper help architects understand potential pitfalls that might occur in Scrum and what they can do to mitigate or to avoid them. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48992-6_17 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9351 Author: Tamburri, D. A., Kazman, R. and Fahimi, H. Year: 2016 Title: The Architect's Role in Community Shepherding Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 33 Issue: 6 Pages: 70-79 Short Title: The Architect's Role in Community Shepherding ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2016.144 Keywords: organisational aspects software architecture software quality architecture component design architecture qualities community shepherding organizational rewiring project stakeholders software architects Computer architecture Cultural differences Professional aspects architectural social debt social debt management software architecture shepherds software communities software community smells software development software engineering software organizational structure software social debt Abstract: Software architects don't just design architecture components or champion architecture qualities; they often must guide and harmonize the entire community of project stakeholders. The community-shepherding aspects of the architect's role have been gaining attention, given the increasing importance of complex "organizational rewiring" scenarios such as DevOps, open source strategies, transitions to agile development, and corporate acquisitions. In these scenarios, architects would benefit by having effective models to align communities with architectures. This article discusses the "smells" indicating that a community isn't functioning efficiently, offers a set of mitigations for those smells, and provides an overview of community types. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8793 Author: Weinreich, R. and Groher, I. Year: 2016 Title: The Architect's Role in Practice: From Decision Maker to Knowledge Manager? Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 33 Issue: 6 Pages: 63-69 Short Title: The Architect's Role in Practice: From Decision Maker to Knowledge Manager? ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2016.143 Keywords: personnel software architecture software development management European software architects US software architects United States advisor coordinator decision maker knowledge manager Computer architecture Interviews architectural decision making industrial interview study software architecture knowledge management software development software engineering Abstract: Interviews with European and US software architects show not only a diverse practice of architecting but also the architect's transformation from primary decision maker to coordinator, advisor, and knowledge manager. 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://2001325740/The Architect's Role in Practice From Decision.pdf Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7987 Author: Amorim, Simone da Silva, McGregor, John D., Almeida, Eduardo Santana de and Chavez, Christina von Flach G. Year: 2017 Title: The Architect's Role in Software Ecosystems Health Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Social, Human, and Economic Aspects of Software Conference Location: Salvador, Brazil Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/3098322.3098324 Place Published: 3098324 Abstract: Software ecosystems have adopted many different strategies to achieve success and good health. The role of software architect is one of the main contributors to that success. Their activities are crucial for realizing the business strategy of their organization. Software ecosystems define multi-sided markets that require different strategies from a traditional two-sided market. The architectural practices in the multi-sided market must support the need for flexibility and rapid reaction. These new demands broaden our understanding of the software architect's role and the impact of their action on ecosystem structure. In particular the need to understand how to operate in a collaborative, cooperative environment to exploit competition. In this position paper, we discuss how software architect's actions influence the ecosystem health through their indicators: productivity, niche creation, and robustness. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7890 Author: Bernini, Diego Year: 2010 Title: Architectural abstractions for space and time awareness: the case of responsive environments Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 12-16 DOI: 10.1145/1842752.1842757 Place Published: 1842757 Abstract: Space and time are common high-level concepts in several classes of systems, however they seldom are first class concerns at the software architecture level. In particular they have a crucial role in responsive environments, i.e. technology-augmented ordinary environments which are able to sense and respond to their inhabitants. The paper presents the Ph.D. proposal of the author, which aims to define suitable architectural abstractions to manage space and time in responsive environments. The paper first outlines the problem, then presents the related work and finally describes the proposed solution approach, the expected results and their validation plan. Notes: Framework instead of behavior Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8946 Author: Zibman, I., Woolf, C., Reilly, P. O', Strickland, L., Willis, D. and Visser, J. Year: 1996 Title: An architectural approach to minimizing feature interactions in telecommunications Journal: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking Volume: 4 Issue: 4 Pages: 582-596 Short Title: An architectural approach to minimizing feature interactions in telecommunications ISSN: 1063-6692 DOI: 10.1109/90.532867 Keywords: broadband networks intelligent networks multimedia communication personal communication networks software agents software reusability telecommunication computing telecommunication network management UPT Universal Personal Telecommunications architectural approach broadband services feature interactions minimisation multimedia services service independent interaction management service operations service software architecture telecommunication networks telecommunication services Computer architecture Context-aware services Hardware Protocols Signal processing Software architecture Switches Telecommunications Abstract: Feature interaction, in the context of telecommunications, is the phenomenon where a user (end-user or system operator) observes services failing to perform as expected, and where the failures are due to the presence of other services (or multiple instances of a single service) in the network. We propose an architectural approach to minimize the problem of feature interaction while increasing the reusability of software for services. Our approach recognizes that currently many assumptions about service operations and system capabilities are implicitly built into the service software architecture. We claim that many nontrivial feature interactions arise when services or technologies with new capabilities, based on conflicting assumptions, are introduced. We propose an architecture based on software agents and separation of concerns. A processing model for service-independent interaction management within the agent architecture is discussed. This architecture effectively removes many common assumptions about roles and technology from the service software architecture, thus reducing the need to provide ad hoc solutions to particular feature interactions. We demonstrate the power of such an architecture by showing how it deals with examples of interactions among existing services, interactions introduced by Universal Personal Telecommunications (UPT), and its applicability to emerging broadband and multimedia service requirements. We also consider the architecture in the context of the intelligent network Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8597 Author: Dustdar, Schahram and Gall, Harald Year: 2003 Title: Architectural concerns in distributed and mobile collaborative systems Journal: Journal of Systems Architecture Volume: 49 Issue: 10–11 Pages: 457-473 Date: 11// Short Title: Architectural concerns in distributed and mobile collaborative systems ISSN: 1383-7621 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-7621(03)00092-4 Keywords: Process awareness Software architecture Mobile collaborative systems Abstract: Organizations increasingly coordinate their product and service development processes to deliver their products and services as fast as possible, and to involve employees, customers, suppliers, and business partners seamlessly in different stages of the processes. These processes have to consider that their participants are increasingly on the move or distributed while they are working. Expertise needs to be shared across locations and different mobile devices. This paper describes a framework for distributed and mobile collaboration, defines a set of requirements for virtual communities, and discusses a mobile teamwork support software architecture that has been developed in the EU-project MOTION. The framework together with the architecture enables to enhance current collaboration approaches to include the dimension of mobile participants and virtual communities for distributed product development. This is achieved by integrating process and workspace management requirements with Peer-to-Peer Middleware, Publish-Subscribe, and Community and User Management components. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762103000924 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7683 Author: Zimmermann, O., Wegmann, L., Koziolek, H. and Goldschmidt, T. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Architectural Decision Guidance Across Projects - Problem Space Modeling, Decision Backlog Management and Cloud Computing Knowledge Conference Name: 2015 12th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 85-94 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: Architectural Decision Guidance Across Projects - Problem Space Modeling, Decision Backlog Management and Cloud Computing Knowledge DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2015.29 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language cloud computing knowledge management project management software architecture ADMentor Sparx enterprise architect UML model linkage architectural decision guidance architectural knowledge management cloud application design decisions cloud computing knowledge control system architectures decision backlog management knowledge application knowledge maintenance meta-information open AKM problems problem space modeling project-specific decision guidance question-option-criteria diagram support reusable knowledge solution space management workflow management decisions Communities Computational modeling Documentation Knowledge engineering Software UML agile practices architectural decisions architectural synthesis patterns Abstract: Architectural Knowledge Management (AKM) has been a major topic in software architecture research since 2004. Open AKM problems include an effective, seamless transition from reusable knowledge found in patterns books and technology blogs to project-specific decision guidance and an efficient, practical approach to knowledge application and maintenance. We extended our previous work with concepts for problem space modeling, focusing on reusable knowledge, as well as solution space management, focusing on project-level decisions. We implemented these concepts in ADMentor, an extension of Sparx Enterprise Architect. AD Mentor features rapid problem space modeling, UML model linkage, question-option-criteria diagram support, meta-information for model tailoring, as well as decision backlog management. We validated ADMentor by modeling and applying 85 cloud application design decisions and 75 workflow management decisions, creating one problem and three sample solution spaces covering control system architectures, and obtaining user feedback on tool and model content. Notes: Focus on tool development (even behavorial aspects in the introduction are interesting) Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8913 Author: Lytra, I., Sobernig, S. and Zdun, U. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Architectural Decision Making for Service-Based Platform Integration: A Qualitative Multi-Method Study Conference Name: 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 111-120 Date: 20-24 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Architectural Decision Making for Service-Based Platform Integration: A Qualitative Multi-Method Study DOI: 10.1109/WICSA-ECSA.212.19 Keywords: object-oriented methods software architecture application-dependent architectural decisions architectural decision making decision-making process design decisions domain-dependent architectural decisions heterogeneous platforms pattern language pattern-based architectural decision model platform integration qualitative multi method study service-based platform integration systematic literature review technology-dependent architectural decisions Computer architecture Context Decision making Interviews Software Systematics Abstract: Nowadays the software architecture of a system is often seen as a set of design decisions providing the rationale for the system design. When designing a software architecture multiple levels of design decisions need to be considered. For example, the service-based integration of heterogeneous platforms and the development of applications on top of those integration services requires high-level as well as technology-, domain-, and application-dependent architectural decisions. In this context, we performed a series of qualitative studies following a multi-method approach. First, we conducted a systematic literature review from which we derived a pattern language for platform integration featuring 40 patterns, as well as a pattern-based architectural decision model. Then, we performed interviews with 9 platform experts from 3 companies for revising the architectural knowledge captured by the pattern language and the decision model. Finally, we participated in a case study and observed the decision-making process to validate the results further. Our observations resulted in 1) a qualitatively validated, pattern-based architectural decision model and 2) a generalized model of the different levels and stages of architectural decision making for service-based platform integration. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9091 Author: Harrison, N. B., Gubler, E. and Skinner, D. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Architectural Decision-Making in Open-Source Systems -- Preliminary Observations Conference Name: 2016 1st International Workshop on Decision Making in Software ARCHitecture (MARCH) Pages: 16-21 Date: 5-5 April 2016 Short Title: Architectural Decision-Making in Open-Source Systems -- Preliminary Observations DOI: 10.1109/MARCH.2016.7 Keywords: decision making public domain software software architecture OSS projects architectural decision-making architectural decisions architectural documentation decision making process open-source projects open-source software projects open-source systems preliminary observations unified architectural decisions Architecture Chaos Computer architecture Documentation Open source software Evolution rchitectural Decisions Abstract: Participants in open-source software projects are often geographically dispersed, and may work in different companies, and have different visions of the software. These present special challenges to creating unified architectural decisions. Yet open-source projects are often successful. We studied architectural documentation of forty-four open-source (OSS) projects, and found some evidence of how architectural decisions were made. It appears that the decision making process is not significantly different from that in traditional software projects. In particular, it was characterized by careful, intentional software design, with attention to quality attributes. In general, the architectural decisions tended to be controlled by a very small team or a single individual. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://1410670074/Architectural Decision-Making in Open-Source S.pdf Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7945 Author: Prause, Christian R. and Durdik, Zoya Year: 2012 Title: Architectural design and documentation: waste in agile development? Conference Name: Proceedings of the International Conference on Software and System Process Conference Location: Zurich, Switzerland Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 130-134 Place Published: 2664380 Abstract: There is a problem with documentation and architectural design in agile projects. This is the result of interviews we have conducted with 37 software engineering experts from industry and academia. In our paper, we analyze the interview results and the origins of the revealed issues. We propose ways to integrate software design methodologies into agile development, and reputation mechanism to solve documentation problems. The contributions of this paper are (i) an investigation of expert opinions on design and documentation problems, (ii) an analysis of problem origins, and (iii) proposals for future improvements of agile processes. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9556 Author: Prause, C. R. and Durdik, Z. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Architectural design and documentation: Waste in agile development? Conference Name: 2012 International Conference on Software and System Process (ICSSP) Pages: 130-134 Date: 2-3 June 2012 Short Title: Architectural design and documentation: Waste in agile development? DOI: 10.1109/ICSSP.2012.6225956 Keywords: integrated software project management software architecture software prototyping system documentation agile project development architectural design documentation expert opinion integrated software design methodology software engineering Industries Interviews Programming Software quality agile development reputation software design Abstract: There is a problem with documentation and architectural design in agile projects. This is the result of interviews we have conducted with 37 software engineering experts from industry and academia. In our paper, we analyze the interview results and the origins of the revealed issues. We propose ways to integrate software design methodologies into agile development, and reputation mechanism to solve documentation problems. The contributions of this paper are (i) an investigation of expert opinions on design and documentation problems, (ii) an analysis of problem origins, and (iii) proposals for future improvements of agile processes. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://3986397288/Architectural design and documentation Waste i.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9449 Author: Che, M. and Perry, D. E. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Architectural Design Decisions in Open Software Development: A Transition to Software Ecosystems Conference Name: 2014 23rd Australian Software Engineering Conference Pages: 58-61 Date: 7-10 April 2014 Short Title: Architectural Design Decisions in Open Software Development: A Transition to Software Ecosystems ISBN: 1530-0803 DOI: 10.1109/ASWEC.2014.37 Keywords: knowledge management public domain software software architecture ADD management architectural design decisions architectural knowledge management architecture decision-making process knowledge evaporation open ecosystem community open software development paradigm software architecture research software development process software ecosystems software engineering processes Communities Computer architecture Ecosystems Organizations Software architectural knowledge open software development Abstract: Managing architectural design decisions (ADDs) in software development process is an essential task for architectural knowledge management. As software ecosystems become a new software development paradigm in software engineering processes, it is important and necessary to capture and represent ADDs in open software development, and to evolve architectural knowledge with minimum knowledge evaporation in the open ecosystem community. So far, little work has been done on managing architectural decisions in software ecosystems in current software architecture research and practice. In this research position paper, we discuss the typical characteristics of software ecosystems which may influence architecture decision-making processes in software development, and identify the essential aspects that should be considered for managing ADDs in the context of software ecosystem. In addition, we discuss major challenges of managing ADDs for software ecosystems, and we also propose possible directions in research to solve the problems. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9018 Author: Tyree, J. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Architectural Design Decisions Session Report Conference Name: 5th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA'05) Pages: 285-286 Date: 6-10 Nov. 2005 Short Title: Architectural Design Decisions Session Report DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2005.14 Keywords: Best practices Computer architecture Decision making Knowledge management Message service Ontologies Prototypes Software architecture Software prototyping Time factors Abstract: In the architectural design decisions session, we discussed tools, techniques, and processes with respect to architectural design decision-making. The importance of making good decisions was highlighted through an examination of several software architecture case studies. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8821 Author: Lopes, S. V. F. and Junior, P. T. A. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Architectural Design Group Decision-Making in Agile Projects Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ICSAW) Pages: 210-215 Date: 5-7 April 2017 Short Title: Architectural Design Group Decision-Making in Agile Projects DOI: 10.1109/ICSAW.2017.24 Keywords: decision making software architecture software prototyping software quality agile projects architectural design group decision-making design alternatives quality attributes Collaboration Computer architecture Conferences Industries Stakeholders Scrum agile group decision-making Abstract: Software architecture has many definitions. One widely accepted definition of software architecture is that it is a composition of a set of architectural design decisions. Hence, designing a software architecture is a decision-making process. Agile methods drastically changed the way of designing a software architecture. In projects using agile methods (e.g. Scrum), making architectural design decisions is not the responsibility of a single person, but rather the whole development team. Despite the popularity of such methods in the industry, little research exists on how to make these decisions from the perspective of a group effectively. Current techniques usually focus on the identification of quality attributes and design alternatives, not addressing the whole decision-making process. The quality of decisions directly reflects the quality of the software architecture. Therefore poor decisions lead to bad software architectures. In this paper, we discuss current research on group decision-making in software architecture and the proposal of a combination of concepts from two architecture definition methods into a single approach that can be used in agile projects and addresses the most critical concerns of group decision-making. This proposal is part of a master's research project. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7630 Author: Soliman, M., Galster, M., Salama, A. R. and Riebisch, M. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Architectural Knowledge for Technology Decisions in Developer Communities: An Exploratory Study with StackOverflow Conference Name: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) Pages: 128-133 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: Architectural Knowledge for Technology Decisions in Developer Communities: An Exploratory Study with StackOverflow DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2016.13 Keywords: decision making knowledge management software architecture technology management StackOverflow architecture knowledge management software development community software system technology decision Computer architecture Media Middleware Programming Telecommunications Architecture knowledge architecture design decisions empirical study knowledge capturing Abstract: Architectural decisions have a big influence on basic properties of a software system, and are difficult to change once implemented. Technology decisions deserve special attention because they are one of the most frequently occurring types of architectural decisions. Architectural knowledge is crucial for good decisions. Current architecture knowledge management approaches try to support architects by offering a rich base of architectural solutions and design decision rules. However, they mostly depend on manually capturing and maintaining the architectural knowledge. In this paper, we utilize the most popular online software development community (StackOverflow) as a source of knowledge for technology decisions to support architecture knowledge management approaches with a more efficient methods for knowledge capturing. We conducted an exploratory study, and followed a qualitative and quantitative content analysis approach. We analysed the posts in this community to identify architecture-relevant and technology-related knowledge, and to classify the posts into different types for the purpose of knowledge structuring. In addition, we evaluated our findings through feedback from practitioners. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://1264029490/Architectural Knowledge for Technology Decisio.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8894 Author: Bardram, J. E., Christensen, H. B. and Hansen, K. M. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Architectural prototyping: an approach for grounding architectural design and learning Conference Name: Proceedings. Fourth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA 2004) Pages: 15-24 Date: 12-15 June 2004 Short Title: Architectural prototyping: an approach for grounding architectural design and learning DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2004.1310686 Keywords: software architecture software prototyping architectural qualities knowledge transfer software architectural learning software architectural prototyping software architecture design software system development Buildings Computer architecture Grounding Mars Planets Prototypes Vehicles Veins Abstract: A major part of software architecture design is learning how specific architectural designs balance the concerns of stakeholders. We explore the notion of "architectural prototypes", correspondingly architectural prototyping, as a means of using executable prototypes to investigate stakeholders' concerns with respect to a system under development. An architectural prototype is primarily a learning and communication vehicle used to explore and experiment with alternative architectural styles, features, and patterns in order to balance different architectural qualities. The use of architectural prototypes in the development process is discussed, and we argue that such prototypes can play a role throughout the entire process. The use of architectural prototypes is illustrated by three distinct cases of creating software systems. We argue that architectural prototyping can provide key insights that may otherwise be difficult to obtain before a system is built. Furthermore, they define skeleton systems that serve as communication means and knowledge transfer among stakeholders. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9430 Author: Baresi, L. and Guinea, S. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Architectural Styles for Adaptive Systems: A Tutorial Conference Name: 2012 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems Pages: 237-238 Date: 10-14 Sept. 2012 Short Title: Architectural Styles for Adaptive Systems: A Tutorial ISBN: 1949-3673 DOI: 10.1109/SASO.2012.38 Keywords: adaptive systems software architecture ambient intelligence architectural design architectural styles context-aware applications pervasive computing runtime variability software systems Context Monitoring Software Tutorials Abstract: Modern and evolving domains such as ambient intelligence, context-aware applications, and pervasive computing require that software systems be able to cope with unprecedented degrees of runtime variability. This demands that software systems be flexible, and easily adaptable in the wake of change. Providing such flexibility is a multi-faceted challenge where the architectural design plays a key role. This tutorial presents the current state of practice in software architecture for adaptive systems, and provides an overview of the research directions in which the Software Architecture community is moving to better solve these issues. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8862 Author: Monroe, R. T., Kompanek, A., Melton, R. and Garlan, D. Year: 1997 Title: Architectural styles, design patterns, and objects Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 14 Issue: 1 Pages: 43-52 Short Title: Architectural styles, design patterns, and objects ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/52.566427 Keywords: object-oriented methods software reusability architectural styles design patterns object-oriented design software design software reuse system design knowledge Design engineering Knowledge engineering Power engineering and energy Process design Protocols Software architecture Software systems Systems engineering and theory Terminology Abstract: Architectural styles, object-oriented design and design patterns all hold promise as approaches that simplify software design and reuse by capturing and exploiting system design knowledge. This article explores the capabilities and roles of the various approaches, their strengths and their limitations Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8786 Author: Linden, T., Marsh, J. and Dove, D. Year of Conference: 1986 Title: Architecture and early experience with planning for the ALV Conference Name: Proceedings. 1986 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation Volume: 3 Pages: 2035-2042 Date: Apr 1986 Short Title: Architecture and early experience with planning for the ALV DOI: 10.1109/ROBOT.1986.1087518 Keywords: Artificial intelligence Computer architecture Decision making Land vehicles Mobile robots Real time systems Remotely operated vehicles Software algorithms Software architecture Technology planning Abstract: This paper describes the software architecture and the initial algorithms that have proved to be effective for a real time robot planning system. The architecture is designed to incorporate planning technology from research on artificial intelligence while at the same time supporting the high performance decision making needed to control a fast-moving autonomous vehicle. The symbolic representation of the vehicle's plan is a key element in this architecture. Our initial algorithms use an especially efficient version of dynamic programming to find the best routes. The route is then translated into a symbolic plan. Replanning happens at several levels with the cost of replanning proportionate to the scope of the changes. This software is currently running in an environment which simulates the vehicle and perception systems, but it will be transferred to the DARPA Autonomous Land Vehicle built by Martin Marietta Denver Aerospace [Lowrie 86]. Notes: System development for algorithms Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8112 Author: Kruchten, Phillippe Year: 1995 Title: Architecture blueprints—the “4+1” view model of software architecture Conference Name: Tutorial proceedings on TRI-Ada '91: Ada's role in global markets: solutions for a changing complex world Conference Location: Anaheim, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 540-555 DOI: 10.1145/216591.216611 Place Published: 216611 Notes: Specific usage of one view - more tool Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7503 Author: Zalewski, Andrzej and Kijas, Szymon Year: 2010 Title: Architecture Decision-Making in Support of Complexity Control Editor: Babar, Muhammad Ali and Gorton, Ian Book Title: Software Architecture: 4th European Conference, ECSA 2010, Copenhagen, Denmark, August 23-26, 2010. Proceedings Place Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Pages: 501-504 Short Title: Architecture Decision-Making in Support of Complexity Control ISBN: 978-3-642-15114-9 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-15114-9_50 Label: Zalewski2010 Abstract: The main challenge of software engineering has always been to bring software complexity under control. Different kinds of abstractions have been devised and applied for that purpose at different levels of software design. Some of them have proven successful, such as function hierarchies, layers, API’s, abstract classes, encapsulation, interfaces etc. and are widely used in practice. Concepts from the genre of software architecture should also help to manage software complexity. We argue that, before architecture decisions and architecture decision-making become a common industrial practice, they have to support software complexity management much more efficiently than at present. Despite the substantial progress already made, it is still a major challenge both in theory (architecture decisions representation and architecture decision-making methods) and practice (tool support). URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15114-9_50 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7851 Author: Schröder, Sandra, Riebisch, Matthias and Soliman, Mohamed Year: 2016 Title: Architecture Enforcement Concerns and Activities - An Expert Study Editor: Tekinerdogan, Bedir, Zdun, Uwe and Babar, Ali Book Title: Software Architecture: 10th European Conference, ECSA 2016, Copenhagen, Denmark, November 28 -- December 2, 2016, Proceedings Place Published: Cham Publisher: Springer International Publishing Pages: 247-262 Short Title: Architecture Enforcement Concerns and Activities - An Expert Study ISBN: 978-3-319-48992-6 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48992-6_19 Label: Schröder2016 Abstract: Software architecture provides the high-level design of software systems with the most critical decisions. The source code of a system has to conform to the architectural decisions to guarantee the systems’ success in terms of quality properties. Therefore, architects have to continuously ensure that architecture decisions are implemented correctly to prevent architecture erosion. This is the main goal of Architecture Enforcement. For an effective enforcement, architects have to be aware of the most important enforcement concerns and activities. Unfortunately, current state of the art does not provide a concrete structure on how the process of architecture enforcement is actually applied in industry. Therefore, we conducted an empirical study in order to gain insight in the industrial practice of architecture enforcement. For this, we interviewed 12 experienced software architects from different companies. As a result, we identified the most important concerns that software architects care about during architecture enforcement. Additionally, we investigated which activities architects usually apply in order to enforce those concerns. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48992-6_19 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8983 Author: Nunes, R. and Delgado, J. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: An architecture for a home automation system Conference Name: 1998 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems. Surfing the Waves of Science and Technology (Cat. No.98EX196) Volume: 1 Pages: 259-262 vol.1 Date: 1998 Short Title: An architecture for a home automation system DOI: 10.1109/ICECS.1998.813316 Keywords: home automation standardisation constitutive modules functionality home automation system interconnected modules size software architecture standardisation trends system architecture Computer architecture Consumer electronics Domestic safety Europe Integrated circuit technology Lighting control Load management Microprocessors System software Abstract: This paper introduces home automation very briefly and mentions current standardisation trends in this field. Then, a new system architecture is proposed and its main characteristics are described. The proposed architecture has a distributed nature, is very modular and can be easily expanded in size and functionality. There are only two types of constitutive modules and their roles are described. A given system is composed by several modules interconnected through a network, whose main features are presented. The system's software architecture is also briefly described Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8132 Author: Caltagirone, Sergio, Keys, Matthew, Schlief, Bryan and Willshire, Mary Jane Year: 2002 Title: Architecture for a massively multiplayer online role playing game engine Journal: J. Comput. Sci. Coll. Volume: 18 Issue: 2 Pages: 105-116 Short Title: Architecture for a massively multiplayer online role playing game engine ISSN: 1937-4771 Legal Note: 771339 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8406 Author: Gutiérrez Vela, F. L., Isla Montes, J. L., Paderewski Rodríguez, P., Sánchez Román, M. and Jiménez Valverde, B. Year: 2007 Title: An architecture for access control management in collaborative enterprise systems based on organization models Journal: Science of Computer Programming Volume: 66 Issue: 1 Pages: 44-59 Date: 4/15/ Short Title: An architecture for access control management in collaborative enterprise systems based on organization models ISSN: 0167-6423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2006.10.005 Keywords: Collaborative system Software architecture Enterprise architecture Role-based access control Organization patterns Abstract: One of the most important characteristics of current enterprise systems is the existence of collaborative processes where different users/subsystems communicate and cooperate in order to carry out common activities. In these processes, shared resources are often used and there are complex relationships between activities and users, so the definition and administration of different security levels (tasks, users, resources, etc.) is necessary. In this article, we shall focus on an important dimension related to the security aspect of collaborative systems: access control. We shall use an organization model that considers the necessary elements to represent authorization and access control aspects in enterprise systems. This model is used in a service-oriented architecture (SOA) in order to facilitate the implementation of a service which is responsible for these important functions. Finally, we shall propose the use of a pattern definition language at a conceptual level to facilitate the modelling of the organizational structures of an enterprise system. We shall specify organization patterns that will help us define general models which can be applied in different situations. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642306002474 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9290 Author: Guo, Y., Schwaninger, A. and Gall, H. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: An Architecture for an Adaptive and Collaborative Learning Management System in Aviation Security Conference Name: 2008 IEEE 17th Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises Pages: 165-170 Date: 23-25 June 2008 Short Title: An Architecture for an Adaptive and Collaborative Learning Management System in Aviation Security ISBN: 1524-4547 DOI: 10.1109/WETICE.2008.26 Keywords: airports computer based training courseware data analysis groupware security software architecture adaptive learning aviation security collaborative learning management system course configuration flexible training scenarios frequently changing regulations knowledge-based analysis solid job assessments Collaboration Collaborative work Data security Knowledge management Learning systems Least squares approximation Management training Solids Adaptive LMS Abstract: The importance of aviation security has increased dramatically in recent years. Frequently changing regulations and the need to adapt quickly to new and emerging threats are challenges that need to be addressed by airports, security companies and appropriate authorities across the world. Learning management systems (LMS) have been developed as effective tools for enhancing the management, integration and application of knowledge in organizations. In the aviation security domain, we need mechanisms to quickly adapt to new learning content, to different roles ranging from screeners to supervisors, to flexible training scenarios and solid job assessments. For that, a learning system has to be flexible and adaptive both in knowledge, organizational and in collaboration dimensions. Current LMS do not meet these requirements. In this paper we present a software architecture that is apt to support the adaptability and collaboration needs for such a system in aviation security. We discuss the requirements, roles, learning objects and course configuration in terms of adaptive and collaborative learning. We present a six-layer architecture and discuss some of its application scenarios. Our aim is to improve the quality and usefulness of LMS in aviation security by utilizing knowledge-based analysis for data analysis and integrating a process engine for collaborative learning. We briefly report on our prototype and the gained first feedback from the users. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8234 Author: LuperFoy, Susann, Loehr, Dan, Duff, David, Miller, Keith, Reeder, Florence and Harper, Lisa Year: 1998 Title: An architecture for dialogue management, context tracking, and pragmatic adaptation in spoken dialogue systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2 Conference Location: Montreal, Quebec, Canada Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics Pages: 794-801 DOI: 10.3115/980432.980700 Place Published: 980700 Abstract: This paper details a software architecture for discourse processing in spoken dialogue systems, where the three component tasks of discourse processing are (1) Dialogue Management, (2) Context Tracking, and (3) Pragmatic Adaptation. We define these three component tasks and describe their roles in a complex, near-future scenario in which multiple humans interact with each other and with computers in multiple, simultaneous dialogue exchanges. This paper reports on the software modules that accomplish the three component tasks of discourse processing, and an architecture for the interaction among these modules and with other modules of the spoken dialogue system. A motivation of this work is reusable discourse processing software for integration with non-discourse modules in spoken dialogue systems. We document the use of this architecture and its components in several prototypes, and also discuss its potential application to spoken dialogue systems defined in the near-future scenario. Notes: Example system - not relevant Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8235 Author: LuperFoy, Susann, Loehr, Dan, Duff, David, Miller, Keith, Reeder, Florence and Harper, Lisa Year: 1998 Title: An architecture for dialogue management, context tracking, and pragmatic adaptation in spoken dialogue systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics - Volume 2 Conference Location: Montreal, Quebec, Canada Publisher: Association for Computational Linguistics Pages: 794-801 DOI: 10.3115/980691.980700 Place Published: 980700 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8166 Author: Sanduja, Neeraj and Kaur, Pavneet Year: 2011 Title: Architecture for intelligent transport system for automated vehicle Conference Name: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computing and Artificial Intelligence Conference Location: Rajpura/Punjab, India Publisher: ACM Pages: 213-215 DOI: 10.1145/2007052.2007096 Place Published: 2007096 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9116 Author: Eklund, U. and Bosch, J. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Architecture for Large-Scale Innovation Experiment Systems Conference Name: 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 244-248 Date: 20-24 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Architecture for Large-Scale Innovation Experiment Systems DOI: 10.1109/WICSA-ECSA.212.38 Keywords: design embedded systems innovation management program testing software architecture R& D practices business decision customer feedback design decision embedded architecture embedded product embedded software large-scale innovation experiment system mass-produced device original equipment manufacturer power consumption prototype in-vehicle infotainment system software development team software testing user experience Computer architecture Technological innovation Testing Vehicles product development Abstract: Business and design decisions regarding software development should be based on data, not opinions among developers, domain experts or managers. The company running the most and fastest experiments among the customer base against the lowest cost per experiment outcompetes others by having the data to engineer products with outstanding qualities such as power consumption and user experience. Innovation experiment systems for mass-produced devices with embedded software is an evolution of current R&D practices, going from where innovations are internally evaluated by the original equipment manufacturer to where they are tried by real users in a scale relevant to the full customer base. The turnaround time from developing and deploying an embedded product to getting customer feedback is decreased to weeks, the limit being the speed of the software development teams. The paper presents an embedded architecture for realising such a novel innovation experiment system based on a set of scenarios of what to evaluate in the experiments. A case is presented implementing an architecture in a prototype in-vehicle infotainment system where comparative testing between two software alternatives was performed. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9159 Author: Handelman, D. A. and Stengel, R. F. Year of Conference: 1987 Title: An Architecture for Real-Time Rule-Based Control Conference Name: 1987 American Control Conference Pages: 1636-1642 Date: 10-12 June 1987 Short Title: An Architecture for Real-Time Rule-Based Control Keywords: Aerospace control Communication system control Computer architecture Control systems Environmental economics Expert systems Hardware Protocols Real time systems Software architecture Abstract: A method for control employing rule-based search is reviewed, and a Rule-Based Controller achieving economical real-time performance is described. Code optimization, in the form of LISP-to-Pascal knowledge base translation, provides real-time search execution speed and a processing environment enabling highly integrated symbolic and numeric computation. With a multiprocessor software architecture specifying rule-based protocol for control task communication, and a hardware architecture providing concurrent implementation within a multi-microprocessor system, the controller realizes a set of cooperating real-time expert systems. Based on experience gained through the design and implementation of a Rule-Based Flight Control System, the proposed approach appears applicable to a large class of complex control problems. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8106 Author: Sangwan, Raghvinder S. and Ros, Johannes Year: 2008 Title: Architecture leadership and management in globally distributed software development Conference Name: Proceedings of the first international workshop on Leadership and management in software architecture Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 17-22 DOI: 10.1145/1373307.1373313 Place Published: 1373313 Abstract: Globally distributed software development is inherently difficult. The fundamental problem is that communication, coordination and control mechanisms that operate so naturally and invisibly in co-located projects are not available or not as effective for distributed teams. Maintaining a shared up-to-date understanding of the system under design among distributed teams separated by physical, temporal, and cultural distances, therefore, becomes challenging. Under such circumstances the role of a project architect takes on an added significance. The architect must bridge the gaps that exist among the distributed teams especially those with interrelated tasks. Bridging gaps across teams requires proactive effort to create, among distributed teams, a shared level of understanding of the system context, its problem domain and an overarching vision of the system to be designed. We call this a shared project context. Establishing a shared project context goes a long way in creating architectural artifacts, understanding dependencies across software elements of the architecture and the allocation of their development to the distributed teams. Lack of such a context leads to the creation of multiple realities promoting ignorance, confusion and frustration, which subsequently undermine mutual trust and make inter-team communications less effective. This vicious cycle leads to dysfunctional teams, inefficiencies in the project and ultimately to poorly designed architectures. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8805 Author: Bengtsson, P. and Bosch, J. Year of Conference: 1999 Title: Architecture level prediction of software maintenance Conference Name: Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering (Cat. No. PR00090) Pages: 139-147 Date: 1999 Short Title: Architecture level prediction of software maintenance DOI: 10.1109/CSMR.1999.756691 Keywords: formal specification software architecture software maintenance software quality haemo dialysis machine historical data requirement specification software architecture level prediction software design software engineers software maintainability prediction Computer architecture Data engineering Maintenance engineering Programming Read only memory Software systems Abstract: A method for the prediction of software maintainability during software architecture design is presented. The method takes: the requirement specification; the design of the architecture; expertise from software engineers; and, possibly, historical data as input and generates a prediction of the average effort for a maintenance task. Scenarios are used by the method to concretize the maintainability requirements and to analyze the architecture for the prediction of the maintainability. The method is formulated based on extensive experience in software architecture design and detailed design and exemplified using the design of software architecture for a haemo dialysis machine. Experiments for evaluation and validation of the method are ongoing and future work Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9078 Author: Erdogmus, H. Year: 2009 Title: Architecture Meets Agility Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 26 Issue: 5 Pages: 2-4 Short Title: Architecture Meets Agility ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2009.121 Keywords: Communication system control Computer architecture Costs Documentation Programming Risk management Software architecture Stability Vehicles Yarn agile software development software engineering Abstract: The concept of architecture has a major role to play in expanding the traditional scope of agile software development. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8447 Author: Pérez-Rodríguez, Roberto, Anido-Rifón, Luis, Gómez-Carballa, Miguel and Mouriño-García, Marcos Year: 2016 Title: Architecture of a concept-based information retrieval system for educational resources Journal: Science of Computer Programming Volume: 129 Pages: 72-91 Date: 11/1/ Short Title: Architecture of a concept-based information retrieval system for educational resources ISSN: 0167-6423 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scico.2016.05.005 Keywords: Exploratory search Information retrieval Bag-of-concepts (BoC) representation Software architecture Abstract: Internet searches that occur in learning contexts are very different in nature from traditional “lookup” or “known item” searches: students usually perform searches to gather information about or master a certain topic, and the search engine is used as an aid in the exploration of a domain of knowledge. This paper presents SDE (Search Discover Explore), an exploratory search engine for educational resources that was built on top of the knowledge provided by Wikipedia: the set of its articles provides the search space (the set of topics that users can investigate), and the relationships between Wikipedia articles inform the suggestions that the search engine provides to students to go deeper in the exploration of a certain domain of knowledge. SDE indexes several hundreds of thousands of educational resources from high-quality Web sources, such as Project Gutenberg and Open Education Europe, among many others. This paper also reports the results of the evaluation of SDE by experts in Technology Enhanced Learning in several workshops that took place across Europe in the context of the European FP7 project iTEC. These results enable us to conclude that the exploratory search paradigm, making use of knowledge mined from Wikipedia, is a very promising approach for building information retrieval systems to be used in learning contexts. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167642316300314 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8583 Author: García-Sáez, Gema, Hernando, M. Elena, Martínez-Sarriegui, Iñaki, Rigla, Mercedes, Torralba, Verónica, Brugués, Eulalia, de Leiva, Alberto and Gómez, Enrique J. Year: 2009 Title: Architecture of a wireless Personal Assistant for telemedical diabetes care Journal: International Journal of Medical Informatics Volume: 78 Issue: 6 Pages: 391-403 Date: 6// Short Title: Architecture of a wireless Personal Assistant for telemedical diabetes care ISSN: 1386-5056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2008.12.003 Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus CORBA Personal Assistant Telemedicine Abstract: Purpose Advanced information technologies joined to the increasing use of continuous medical devices for monitoring and treatment, have made possible the definition of a new telemedical diabetes care scenario based on a hand-held Personal Assistant (PA). This paper describes the architecture, functionality and implementation of the PA, which communicates different medical devices in a personal wireless network. Description of the system The PA is a mobile system for patients with diabetes connected to a telemedical center. The software design follows a modular approach to make the integration of medical devices or new functionalities independent from the rest of its components. Physicians can remotely control medical devices from the telemedicine server through the integration of the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) and mobile GPRS communications. Data about PA modules’ usage and patients’ behavior evaluation come from a pervasive tracing system implemented into the PA. Results and discussion The PA architecture has been technically validated with commercially available medical devices during a clinical experiment for ambulatory monitoring and expert feedback through telemedicine. The clinical experiment has allowed defining patients’ patterns of usage and preferred scenarios and it has proved the Personal Assistant's feasibility. The patients showed high acceptability and interest in the system as recorded in the usability and utility questionnaires. Future work will be devoted to the validation of the system with automatic control strategies from the telemedical center as well as with closed-loop control algorithms. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386505608002086 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9341 Author: Lewis, G. A., Simanta, S., Novakouski, M., Cahill, G., Boleng, J., Morris, E. and Root, J. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Architecture Patterns for Mobile Systems in Resource-Constrained Environments Conference Name: MILCOM 2013 - 2013 IEEE Military Communications Conference Pages: 680-685 Date: 18-20 Nov. 2013 Short Title: Architecture Patterns for Mobile Systems in Resource-Constrained Environments ISBN: 2155-7578 DOI: 10.1109/MILCOM.2013.121 Keywords: decision making face recognition military communication mobile radio ubiquitous computing Cloudlet-based cyber-foraging pattern architecture patterns data source integration pattern decision-making group context awareness pattern language translation mission planning mobile systems resource-constrained environments tactical edge tactical-edge environments Computer architecture Context Engines Mobile communication Mobile handsets Sensors Servers mobile computing software architecture Abstract: Soldiers, first responders and other personnel operating at the tactical edge increasingly make use of mobile devices to help with tasks such as face recognition, language translation, decision-making and mission planning. Tactical-edge environments are characterized by limited resources, dynamic context, high stress and poor connectivity. This paper focuses on three architecture patterns that address these conditions. The Data Source Integration pattern uses server-side standardized definitions of live or cached geo-located data feeds that can be customized and filtered on a single, map-based user interface on a mobile device. The Group Context Awareness pattern uses context obtained from groups of handheld devices operating as part of a team to make sure that the right information is displayed to the right soldier at the right time. The Cloudlet-Based Cyber-Foraging pattern uses cloudlets as code-offload elements to optimize resources and increase computation power of mobile devices. Cloudlets are discoverable, localized, stateless servers running one or more virtual machines on which users can offload resource-intensive computations from their mobile devices. Prototype applications have been implemented for each of these patterns. Experiment results and participation in exercises have shown the effectiveness of the patterns in addressing the challenges of resource-constrained environments. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8411 Author: Phillips, Dewanne M., Mazzuchi, Thomas A. and Sarkani, Shahram Year: 2018 Title: An architecture, system engineering, and acquisition approach for space system software resiliency Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 94 Pages: 150-164 Date: 2// Short Title: An architecture, system engineering, and acquisition approach for space system software resiliency ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2017.10.006 Keywords: Software Architecture Resiliency Systems engineering Life cycle Vulnerabilities Threats Cybersecurity Abstract: AbstractContext Software-intensive space systems can harbor defects and vulnerabilities that may enable external adversaries or malicious insiders to disrupt or disable system functions, risking mission compromise or loss. Mitigating this risk demands a sustained focus on the security and resiliency of the system architecture including software, hardware, and other components. Objective In this paper we offer methodical approaches for improving space system resiliency through software architecture design, system engineering, and increased software security, thereby reducing the risk of latent software defects and vulnerabilities. Method We conducted a systematic review of existing architectural practices, standards, security and coding practices, various threats, defects, and vulnerabilities that impact space systems from hundreds of relevant publications and interviews of subject matter experts. We expanded on the system-level body of knowledge for resiliency and identified a new software architecture framework and acquisition methodology to improve the resiliency of space systems from a software perspective with an emphasis on the early phases of the systems engineering life cycle. This methodology involves seven steps: 1) Define technical resiliency requirements, 1a) Identify standards/policy for software resiliency, 2) Develop a request for proposal (RFP)/statement of work (SOW) for resilient space systems software, 3) Define software resiliency goals for space systems, 4) Establish software resiliency quality attributes, 5) Perform architectural tradeoffs and identify risks, 6) Conduct architecture assessments as part of the procurement process, and 7) Ascertain space system software architecture resiliency metrics. Results Data illustrates that software vulnerabilities can lead to opportunities for malicious cyber activities, which could degrade the space mission capability for its user community. Reducing the number of vulnerabilities by improving architecture and software system engineering practices can contribute to making space systems more resilient. Conclusion Since cyber-attacks [1] are enabled by shortfalls in software, robust software engineering practices and an architectural design are foundational to resiliency, which is a quality that allows the system to take a hit to a critical component and recover in a known, bounded, and generally acceptable period of time. To achieve software resiliency for space systems, acquirers and suppliers must identify relevant factors and systems engineering practices to apply across the life cycle, in software requirements analysis, architecture development, design, implementation, verification and validation, and maintenance phases. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584917300575 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9080 Author: Feng, Chen, Qianxiang, Wang, Hong, Mei and Fuqing, Yang Year of Conference: 2002 Title: An architecture-based approach for component-oriented development Conference Name: Proceedings 26th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Pages: 450-455 Date: 2002 Short Title: An architecture-based approach for component-oriented development ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/CMPSAC.2002.1045042 Keywords: Java distributed object management software architecture software reusability ABC CBSD CORBA COTS middleware Common Object Request Broker Architecture J2EE Java 2 platform enterprise edition SA architecture-based approach architecture-based component composition component-based reuse component-based software development component-oriented development process gross software structure integrated component-oriented development process run-time pla fbrm software crisis top-down approach Computer architecture Computer languages Computer science Connectors Middleware Programming Runtime Scheduling Abstract: Component-based reuse is a hopeful solution to the software crisis. Research on software architecture (SA) has revealed a component-based vision of the gross structure of software and provides a top-down approach to direct the component-oriented development process. But the gap between SA design and final implementation prevents it from playing a fundamental role in the process. On the other hand, the component-based software development (CBSD) technology such as Java 2 platform enterprise edition (J2EE) and Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) provides a feasible bottom-up way to construct systems from standard components, forming an implementation basis for an integrated component-oriented development process. In this paper we propose an architecture-based component composition (ABC) approach, which uses SA model as the blueprint of development and COTS middleware as the run-time platform to support an automated component-oriented development process. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7973 Author: Rostami, Kiana, Stammel, Johannes, Heinrich, Robert and Reussner, Ralf Year: 2015 Title: Architecture-based Assessment and Planning of Change Requests Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGSOFT Conference on Quality of Software Architectures Conference Location: Montréal, QC, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 21-30 DOI: 10.1145/2737182.2737198 Place Published: 2737198 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9003 Author: Rostami, K., Stammel, J., Heinrich, R. and Reussner, R. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Architecture-based assessment and planning of change requests Conference Name: 2015 11th International ACM SIGSOFT Conference on Quality of Software Architectures (QoSA) Pages: 21-30 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: Architecture-based assessment and planning of change requests DOI: 10.1145/2737182.2737198 Keywords: software architecture software maintenance software quality KAMP Karlsruhe architectural maintainability prediction architecture decisions architecture-based assessment change propagation change requests planning context information information systems software development process software engineering artefacts software evolution Analytical models Computer architecture Context Context modeling Software Change Request Impact Analysis Abstract: Software architecture reflects important decisions on structure, used technology and resources. Architecture decisions influence to a large extent requirements on software quality. During software evolution change requests have to be implemented in a way that the software maintains its quality, as various potential implementations of a specific change request influence the quality properties differently. Software development processes involve various organisational and technical roles. Thus, for sound decision making it is important to understand the consequences of the decisions on the various software engineering artefacts (e.g. architecture, code, test cases, build, or deployments) when analysing the impact of a change request. However, existing approaches do not use sufficient architecture descriptions or are limited to software development without taking management tasks into account. In this paper, we present the tool-supported approach Karlsruhe Architectural Maintainability Prediction (KAMP) to analyse the change propagation caused by a change request in a software system based on the architecture model. Using context information annotated on the architecture KAMP enables project members to assess the effects of a change request on various technical and organisational artefacts and tasks during software life cycle. We evaluate KAMP in an empirical study, which showed that it improves scalability of analysis for information systems due to automatically generated task lists containing more complete and precise context annotations than manually created ones. Notes: Development of tool (even interesting) Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9558 Author: Yang, B., Hu, Y. and Huang, C. Y. Year: 2015 Title: An Architecture-Based Multi-Objective Optimization Approach to Testing Resource Allocation Journal: IEEE Transactions on Reliability Volume: 64 Issue: 1 Pages: 497-515 Short Title: An Architecture-Based Multi-Objective Optimization Approach to Testing Resource Allocation ISSN: 0018-9529 DOI: 10.1109/TR.2014.2372411 Keywords: evolutionary computation program testing resource allocation sensitivity analysis RBD-based model WNS-MODE architecture-based multiobjective optimization approach multiobjective differential evolution multiobjective evolutionary algorithm reliability block diagram resource allocation testing single-objective optimization approach software system system cost modeling approach system reliability assessment weighted normalized sum Object oriented modeling Optimization Resource management Software Software reliability Testing Hyper-volume indicator multi-objective evolutionary algorithm software architecture software cost models Abstract: Software systems are widely employed in society. With a limited amount of testing resource available, testing resource allocation among components of a software system becomes an important issue. Most existing research on the testing resource allocation problem takes a single-objective optimization approach, which may not adequately address all the concerns in the decision-making process. In this paper, an architecture-based multi-objective optimization approach to testing resource allocation is proposed. An architecture-based model is used for system reliability assessment, which has the advantage of explicitly considering system architecture over the reliability block diagram (RBD)-based models, and has good flexibility to different architectural alternatives and component changes. A system cost modeling approach which is based on well-developed software cost models is proposed, which would be a more flexible, suitable approach to the cost modeling of software than the approach adopted by others which is based on an empirical cost model. A multi-objective optimization model is developed for the testing resource allocation problem, in which the three major concerns in the testing resource allocation problem, i.e., system reliability, system cost, and the total amount of testing resource consumed, are taken into consideration. A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA), called multi-objective differential evolution based on weighted normalized sum (WNS-MODE), is developed. Experimental studies are presented, and the experiments show several results. 1) The proposed architecture-based multi-objective optimization approach can identify the testing resource allocation strategy which has a good trade-off among optimization objectives. 2) The developed WNS-MODE is better than the MOEA developed in recent research, called HaD-MOEA, in terms of both solution quality and computational efficiency. 3) The WNS-MODE seems quite robust from the sensitivity analysis results. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9027 Author: Petriu, D., Shousha, C. and Jalnapurkar, A. Year: 2000 Title: Architecture-based performance analysis applied to a telecommunication system Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 26 Issue: 11 Pages: 1049-1065 Short Title: Architecture-based performance analysis applied to a telecommunication system ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/32.881717 Keywords: object-oriented programming queueing theory software architecture software performance evaluation software quality specification languages telecommunication computing LQN model LQN performance models UML description architectural decisions architectural patterns architecture based performance analysis high-level architecture layered queueing network maintainability performance analysis results performance attributes performance bottleneck performance effects performance model structure processing power quantitative performance models reliability reusability serialization software quality characteristics system architecture systematic approach telecommunication product telecommunication system Buildings Computer architecture Hardware Maintenance Performance analysis Power system modeling Software performance Unified modeling language Abstract: Software architecture plays an important role in determining software quality characteristics, such as maintainability, reliability, reusability, and performance. Performance effects of architectural decisions can be evaluated at an early stage by constructing and analyzing quantitative performance models, which capture the interactions between the main components of the system as well as the performance attributes of the components themselves. The paper proposes a systematic approach to building layered queueing network (LQN) performance models from a UML description of the high-level architecture of a system and more exactly from the architectural patterns used for the system. The performance model structure retains a clear relationship with the system architecture, which simplifies the task of converting performance analysis results into conclusions and recommendations related to the software architecture. The proposed approach is applied to a telecommunication product for which an LQN model is built and analyzed. The analysis shows how the performance bottleneck is moving from component to component (hardware or software) under different loads and configurations and exposes some weaknesses in the original software architecture, which prevent the system from using the available processing power at full capacity due to excessive serialization. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8264 Author: Wang, CHU, Depei, QIAN and Chuda, LIU Year: 2006 Title: Architecture-based problem frames constructing for software reuse Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Advances and applications of problem frames Conference Location: Shanghai, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 19-24 DOI: 10.1145/1138670.1138675 Place Published: 1138675 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8762 Author: Wang, Wen-Li, Pan, Dai and Chen, Mei-Hwa Year: 2006 Title: Architecture-based software reliability modeling Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 79 Issue: 1 Pages: 132-146 Date: 1// Short Title: Architecture-based software reliability modeling ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2005.09.004 Keywords: Software architecture Architectural style Markov model Reliability estimation Abstract: Reliability is one of the essential quality requirements of software systems, especially for life critical ones. Software reliability modeling provides a means for estimating reliability of software, which facilitates effective decision making for quality control. Existing models either use a black-box approach that is based on test data of the whole system or a white-box approach that uses components’ reliabilities and inter-component interactions. While the black-box approach is applicable to the late phases of software development, the white-box approach can support decisions on early component reuse and later component upgrades and updates. However, the white-box based models have traditionally considered only homogeneous software behaviors. For this reason, we extended the white-box to an architecture-based approach, utilizing the characteristics of architectural styles to capture design information and to realize non-uniform heterogeneous software behaviors. Adhered to the behaviors, a state machine of a discrete-time Markov model is constructed and employed to compute software reliability. Our approach allows reliability to be modeled at architectural design stage to decide components for reuse as well as later testing and maintenance phases for continuous software evolution. In contrast to the black-box approach, the model only needs to retest the influenced portions for a behavioral or structural change, instead of the complete system. This model yields a compelling result after being applied to an industrial real-time component-based financial system. We believe that this architecture-based modeling technique can have a great potential for use to effectively improve software quality. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121205001421 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8076 Author: Winbladh, Kristina, Alspaugh, Thomas A., Ziv, Hadar and Richardson, Debra Year: 2006 Title: Architecture-based testing using goals and plans Conference Name: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 64-68 DOI: 10.1145/1147249.1147258 Place Published: 1147258 Abstract: This paper presents a specification-based testing approach that compares software specifications defined at different levels of abstraction, e.g. architecture and implementation, against specified system goals. We believe that a goal-driven approach that connects several development artifacts through verification of specified goals provides useful traceability links between those artifacts as well as an efficient testing technique. Our approach begins with a system goal graph in which high-level goals are step-wise refined into low-level functional goals that can be realized as code components. Each of the architectural components is associated with a plan that describes the component's functional behavior. Source code is annotated with goals from plans and events that achieve the goals; code is then precompiled to emit those goals and events at run time. Plans are automatically translated into a rule-based recognizer. An oracle is produced from the pre- and post-conditions associated with the plan's goals. When the program executes, the goals and events emitted are automatically tested against the plans and expected results. As components achieve their component-level plans, a higher-level plan recognizer, concerned with the integration of components, can verify correct system behavior over the interaction trace of a collection of lower-level plans. A small example illustrates the concept. Notes: Not behavior Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9531 Author: Bosch, J. Year of Conference: 2002 Title: Architecture-centric software engineering Conference Name: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Software Engineering. ICSE 2002 Pages: 681-682 Date: 25-25 May 2002 Short Title: Architecture-centric software engineering Keywords: software architecture architecture-centric software engineering bottom-up design industrial cases organizational viewpoint process viewpoint software architect role software architecture assessment software architecture design software architecture evaluation software artefact variability management software components software infrastructure software product lines technical perspective top-down design tutorial Companies Computer architecture Computer industry Permission Programming Reflection Software engineering Software quality Software reusability Abstract: Many software organizations are in the transition from project-centric to architecture-centric engineering of software. This tutorial addresses this development by providing an overview and in-depth treatment of the issues surrounding the architecture-centric engineering of software. Topics include software architecture design in the presence of existing components and infrastructure (top-down versus bottom-up), architecture evaluation and assessment, software artefact variability management, software product lines and the role of the software architect. These topics are, in addition to the technical perspective, discussed from process and organizational viewpoints. The topics are extensively illustrated by examples and experiences from many industrial cases. The tutorial presents our experiences, reflections and research results concerning architecture-centric software engineering. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7946 Author: Haesevoets, Robrecht, Weyns, Danny and Holvoet, Tom Year: 2014 Title: Architecture-centric support for adaptive service collaborations Journal: ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. Volume: 23 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-40 Short Title: Architecture-centric support for adaptive service collaborations ISSN: 1049-331X DOI: 10.1145/2559937 Legal Note: 2559937 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8117 Author: Giese, Holger and Henkler, Stefan Year: 2006 Title: Architecture-driven platform independent deterministic replay for distributed hard real-time systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 28-38 DOI: 10.1145/1147249.1147253 Place Published: 1147253 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8575 Author: Bengtsson, PerOlof, Lassing, Nico, Bosch, Jan and van Vliet, Hans Year: 2004 Title: Architecture-level modifiability analysis (ALMA) Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 69 Issue: 1–2 Pages: 129-147 Date: 1/1/ Short Title: Architecture-level modifiability analysis (ALMA) ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0164-1212(03)00080-3 Keywords: Software architecture Architecture analysis Modifiability Scenarios Abstract: Several studies have shown that 50–70% of the total lifecycle cost for a software system is spent on evolving the system. Organizations aim to reduce the cost of these adaptations, by addressing modifiability during the system’s development. The software architecture plays an important role in achieving this, but few methods for architecture-level modifiability analysis exist. Independently, the authors have been working on scenario-based software architecture analysis methods that focus exclusively on modifiability. Combining these methods led to architecture-level modifiability analysis (ALMA), a unified architecture-level analysis method that focuses on modifiability, distinguishes multiple analysis goals, has explicit assumptions and provides repeatable techniques for performing the steps. ALMA consists of five main steps, i.e. goal selection, software architecture description, change scenario elicitation, change scenario evaluation and interpretation. The method has been validated through its application in several cases, including software architectures at Ericsson Software Technology, DFDS Fraktarna, Althin Medical, the Dutch Department of Defense and the Dutch Tax and Customs Administration. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121203000803 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8948 Author: Loniewski, G., Armesto, A. and Insfran, E. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: An architecture-oriented model-driven requirements engineering approach Conference Name: 2011 Model-Driven Requirements Engineering Workshop Pages: 31-38 Date: 29-29 Aug. 2011 Short Title: An architecture-oriented model-driven requirements engineering approach DOI: 10.1109/MoDRE.2011.6045364 Keywords: formal specification formal verification software architecture OpenUP method SOA-based software development architecture-oriented model requirements engineering Analytical models Computational modeling Computer architecture Computer integrated manufacturing Context Context modeling Programming Model-Driven Development OpenUP Software Architectures Abstract: Software development processes have become highly complex with the increase in the complexity of software systems and their architectures. It is widely recognized that requirements engineering (RE) is a critical part of this process, along with the design of a system's software architecture with which to satisfy requirements. In this paper, we aim to provide a methodological approach for Architecture-oriented Model-Driven Requirements Engineering. We believe that considering architectural aspects for modeling requirements in a model-driven approach will provide software developers with several benefits such as an improvement in traceability, better architecture and implementation coherence. This paper presents the definition of a process which is based on the OpenUP method, including its activities, roles, and work products. We also provide an example of the use of this approach in a SOA-based software development project. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9321 Author: Miller, J. A. and Madhavji, N. H. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: The Architecture-Requirements Interaction Conference Name: 2007 Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA'07) Pages: 24-24 Date: 6-9 Jan. 2007 Short Title: The Architecture-Requirements Interaction DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2007.40 Keywords: decision making software architecture systems analysis architecture-requirements interaction requirements decision-making requirements engineering processes Banking Computer architecture Computer science Councils Documentation Sampling methods Software tools Abstract: The interaction between software architecture (SA) and requirements engineering (RE) processes is generating interest within the research community. We explored the role of SA documentation in requirements decision-making. This paper describes the findings from this study. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8896 Author: Prisaznuk, P. J. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: ARINC 653 role in Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) Conference Name: 2008 IEEE/AIAA 27th Digital Avionics Systems Conference Pages: 1.E.5-1-1.E.5-10 Date: 26-30 Oct. 2008 Short Title: ARINC 653 role in Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) ISBN: 2155-7195 DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2008.4702770 Keywords: aerospace computing avionics software architecture ARINC Specification 653 Airbus A380 Boeing 787 RTOS air transport industry avionics software core executive software integrated modular avionics standardized real- ime operating system interface Aerospace electronics Application software Government Manufacturing industries Operating systems Real time systems Software standards Standardization Standards development Abstract: The air transport industry has developed ARINC Specification 653 as a standardized Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) interface definition. The document specifies the interface boundary between avionics software applications and the core executive software. The standardization effort was sponsored by the airline user community and involved many interested parties, including airframe manufacturers, avionics suppliers, RTOS suppliers, government and academia. ARINC 653 is a key enabler in the development of Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA). In many ways it represents a paradigm shift for avionics development; in particular it recognizes the RTOS as key component of an IMA system. The commitment shown by industry to IMA could not be more evident than that shown by the Airbus A380 and the Boeing 787 avionics suites. This paper will provide top-level overview of IMA software architecture, the key elements of the ARINC 653 standard and its current development status. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9240 Author: Dall, C., Li, S. W., Lim, J. T., Nieh, J. and Koloventzos, G. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: ARM Virtualization: Performance and Architectural Implications Conference Name: 2016 ACM/IEEE 43rd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA) Pages: 304-316 Date: 18-22 June 2016 Short Title: ARM Virtualization: Performance and Architectural Implications ISBN: 1063-6897 DOI: 10.1109/ISCA.2016.35 Keywords: computer architecture microcontrollers multiprocessing systems virtualisation ARM servers ARM virtualization performance KVM VM-to-hypervisor transition mechanism Xen hypervisor software design multicore measurements x86 hypervisors design Hardware Kernel Servers Virtual machine monitors Virtualization ARM hypervisors multi-core operating systems performance x86 Abstract: ARM servers are becoming increasingly common, making server technologies such as virtualization for ARM of growing importance. We present the first study of ARM virtualization performance on server hardware, including multi-core measurements of two popular ARM and x86 hypervisors, KVM and Xen. We show how ARM hardware support for virtualization can enable much faster transitions between VMs and the hypervisor, a key hypervisor operation. However, current hypervisor designs, including both Type 1 hypervisors such as Xen and Type 2 hypervisors such as KVM, are not able to leverage this performance benefit for real application workloads. We discuss the reasons why and show that other factors related to hypervisor software design and implementation have a larger role in overall performance. Based on our measurements, we discuss changes to ARM's hardware virtualization support that can potentially bridge the gap to bring its faster VM-to-hypervisor transition mechanism to modern Type 2 hypervisors running real applications. These changes have been incorporated into the latest ARM architecture. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8358 Author: Dall, Christoffer, Li, Shih-Wei, Lim, Jin Tack, Nieh, Jason and Koloventzos, Georgios Year: 2016 Title: ARM virtualization: performance and architectural implications Journal: SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News Volume: 44 Issue: 3 Pages: 304-316 Short Title: ARM virtualization: performance and architectural implications ISSN: 0163-5964 DOI: 10.1145/3007787.3001169 Legal Note: 3001169 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8359 Author: Dall, Christoffer, Li, Shih-Wei, Lim, Jin Tack, Nieh, Jason and Koloventzos, Georgios Year: 2016 Title: ARM virtualization: performance and architectural implications Conference Name: Proceedings of the 43rd International Symposium on Computer Architecture Conference Location: Seoul, Republic of Korea Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 304-316 DOI: 10.1109/isca.2016.35 Place Published: 3001169 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7504 Author: Brown, Alan W. and McDermid, John A. Year: 2007 Title: The Art and Science of Software Architecture Editor: Oquendo, Flavio Book Title: Software Architecture: First European Conference, ECSA 2007 Aranjuez, Spain, September 24-26, 2007 Proceedings Place Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Pages: 237-256 Short Title: The Art and Science of Software Architecture ISBN: 978-3-540-75132-8 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-75132-8_19 Label: Brown2007 Abstract: The past 20 years has seen significant investments in the theory and practice of software architecture. However, architectural deficiencies are frequently cited as a key factor in the shortcomings and failures that lead to unpredictable delivery of complex operational systems. Here, we consider the art and science of software architecture: we explore the current state of software architecture, identify key architectural trends and directions in academia and industry, and highlight some of the architectural research challenges which need to be addressed. The paper proposes an agenda of research activities to be carried out by a partnership between academia and industry. While challenges exist in many domains, for this paper we draw examples from one area of particular concern: safety-critical systems. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75132-8_19 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8720 Author: Knasel, T. M. Year: 1986 Title: Artificial intelligence in manufacturing: Forecasts for the use of artificial intelligence in the USA Journal: Robotics Volume: 2 Issue: 4 Pages: 357-362 Date: 12// Short Title: Artificial intelligence in manufacturing: Forecasts for the use of artificial intelligence in the USA ISSN: 0167-8493 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8493(86)90009-4 Keywords: Artificial Intelligence Manufacturing Industrial Application Engineering Workstations Expert Systems Marketing Forecasts Functional Applications Government Programs Industry Infrastructure Abstract: The use of artificial intelligence in manufacturing has finally emerged as a reality in the United States. Buoyed by the general growth of trained computer scientists, the lower cost hardware and software designed for easier use input, a number of experimental programs are under way to exploit artificial intelligence for manufacturing purposes. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0167849386900094 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8318 Author: Nafus, Dawn, Denman, Pete, Durham, Lenitra, Florez, Omar, Nachman, Lama, Sahay, Saurav, Savage, Evan, Sharma, Sangita, Strawn, Devon and Wouhaybi, Rita H. Year: 2016 Title: As Simple as Possible but No Simpler: Creating Flexibility in Personal Informatics Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference Location: San Jose, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 1445-1452 DOI: 10.1145/2851581.2892541 Place Published: 2892541 Abstract: Personal informatics has become a widespread practice, yet even expert users still face challenges in synthesizing and making sense of data. We suggest that these challenges are related to the complexities introduced once personal context is taken seriously. Through ethnographic research in the Quantified Self community, and an iterative software design process for a project called Data Sense, we offer early indications of what those challenges are, and describe how we approached solving them. We found that users had an easier time of working with data when they could use their own files, when temporal recurrences were surfaced and reminded them of other patterns, and when they could "grab" data directly from visualizations. However, the system did require more user learning than we anticipated. Notes: System development Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9022 Author: Shojanoori, R., Juric, R., Lohi, M. and Terstyanszky, G. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: ASeCS: Assistive Self-Care Software Architectures for Delivering Service in Care Homes Conference Name: 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Pages: 2928-2937 Date: 6-9 Jan. 2014 Short Title: ASeCS: Assistive Self-Care Software Architectures for Delivering Service in Care Homes ISBN: 1530-1605 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2014.365 Keywords: Java health care knowledge representation languages object-oriented programming ontologies (artificial intelligence) software architecture ubiquitous computing ASeCS OWL ontology OWL-API SWRL SeCH assistive self-care software architecture component based Java technology component based software architecture cyber-physical object personalized healthcare service pervasive environment pervasive healthcare self-care homes semantic software Cognition Heating Medical services OWL Ontologies Semantics Software Abstract: We propose a layered and component based software architecture, which generates semantic software applications, for the purpose of delivering personalized services for residents in Self-Care Homes (SeCH). The architectural core layers accommodate software components which grasp and understand the semantic of various situations we may encounter in SeCH, through a variety of cyber-physical objects which co-exist in pervasive environments used in monitoring SeCH residents. The decision making on appropriate actions in SeCH is based on reasoning created by SWRL enabled OWL ontologies to ensure that in any situation, residents are delivered suitable and personalized healthcare services. The ASeCS architecture has been deployed through component based Java technologies, and uses OWL-API in order to seamlessly incorporate reasoning into software applications. ASeCS is SeCH specific, but provides a window of opportunities for creating modern and flexible software solutions for pervasive healthcare, where decision making solely depends on OWL/SWRL enabled computations. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8469 Author: Nakagawa, Elisa Y., Ferrari, Fabiano C., Sasaki, Mariela M. F. and Maldonado, José C. Year: 2011 Title: An aspect-oriented reference architecture for Software Engineering Environments Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 84 Issue: 10 Pages: 1670-1684 Date: 10// Short Title: An aspect-oriented reference architecture for Software Engineering Environments ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2011.04.052 Keywords: Software Engineering Environment Software architecture Reference architecture Aspect orientation Software testing Abstract: Reusable and evolvable Software Engineering Environments (SEEs) are essential to software production and have increasingly become a need. In another perspective, software architectures and reference architectures have played a significant role in determining the success of software systems. In this paper we present a reference architecture for SEEs, named RefASSET, which is based on concepts coming from the aspect-oriented approach. This architecture is specialized to the software testing domain and the development of tools for that domain is discussed. This and other case studies have pointed out that the use of aspects in RefASSET provides a better Separation of Concerns, resulting in reusable and evolvable SEEs. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121211001038 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9369 Author: Inverardi, P. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Assessing Dependability for Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Is there a Role for Software Architectures? Conference Name: 2010 10th International Conference on Quality Software Pages: 1-1 Date: 14-15 July 2010 Short Title: Assessing Dependability for Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Is there a Role for Software Architectures? ISBN: 1550-6002 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2010.79 Keywords: software architecture software reliability ubiquitous computing mobile systems software architectures system dependability properties ubiquitous systems Computer architecture Context Europe Mobile communication Software Abstract: A traditional research direction in SA and dependability is to deduce system dependability properties from the Knowledge of the system Software Architecture. This will reflect the fact that traditional systems are built by using the closed world assumption. In mobile and ubiquitous systems this line of reasoning becomes too restrictive to apply due to the inherent dynamicity and heterogeneity of the systems under consideration. Indeed these systems need to relax the closed world assumption and to consider an open world where the system/component/user context is not fixed. In other words the assumption that the system SA is known and fixed at an early stage of the system development does not apply anymore. On the contrary the ubiquitous scenario promotes the view that systems can be dynamically composed out of available components whose dependability can at most be assessed in terms of components assumptions on the system context. Moreover dependability cannot be anymore designed as an absolute context free property of the system rather it may change as long as it allows the satisfaction of the user's requirements and needs. In this setting SA can only be dynamically induced by taking into consideration the respective assumptions of the system components and the current user needs. The talk will illustrate this challenge and will discuss a set of possible future research directions. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9561 Author: Williams, A. Year of Conference: 2003 Title: Assessing genre as rhetorical performance in software design Conference Name: IEEE International Professional Communication Conference, 2003. IPCC 2003. Proceedings. Pages: 6 pp. Date: 21-24 Sept. 2003 Short Title: Assessing genre as rhetorical performance in software design DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.2003.1245500 Keywords: outsourcing software engineering technical presentation professional communication rhetorical genre theory rhetorical performance software design software development technical communication Collaborative software Computer industry Employment Environmental management Knowledge management Process design Shape Abstract: When organizations outsource, seeking expert help from external companies or consultants, often those in consulting roles will introduce new texts in order to help manage workflows and transform known work processes, all with the intention of improving work practices. Such scenarios challenge a key claim in rhetorical genre studies which perceives genres as actions that respond to situations that recur. As much as genre studies' notion of recurrence helps us understand texts' ability to facilitate communication in recurring workplace processes, it offers little insight into theoretical or methodological approaches for professional or technical communicators who may want to address, in theory, research, or practice, how workers use texts that have been imposed upon them with the purpose of creating situations entirely new to them and with the expectation that the new situation will stabilize and recur over time (as what often happens when companies merge or outsource). This kind of abrupt introduction of texts into the workplace marks phenomena called "genre dumping." In this paper, rhetorical genre theory and its application to genre dumping in technical communication has been examined, which have two aims: (a) to discuss how genre studies gives shape to what we know about how texts work in professional settings where technical work happens; and (b) to assess issues that genre dumping presents to rhetorical genre theory. Notes: not fitting, different topic Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8254 Author: Jaaksi, Ari Year: 2003 Title: Assessing software projects: tools for business owners Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 28 Issue: 5 Pages: 15-18 Short Title: Assessing software projects: tools for business owners ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/949952.940074 Legal Note: 940074 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8255 Author: Jaaksi, Ari Year: 2003 Title: Assessing software projects: tools for business owners Conference Name: Proceedings of the 9th European software engineering conference held jointly with 11th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering Conference Location: Helsinki, Finland Publisher: ACM Pages: 15-18 DOI: 10.1145/940071.940074 Place Published: 940074 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8227 Author: Wang, Taehyung, Schwartz, Diane and Lingard, Robert Year: 2008 Title: Assessing student learning in software engineering Journal: J. Comput. Sci. Coll. Volume: 23 Issue: 6 Pages: 239-248 Short Title: Assessing student learning in software engineering ISSN: 1937-4771 Legal Note: 1352424 Notes: (George) Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9032 Author: Yusuf, S., Kagdi, H. and Maletic, J. I. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Assessing the Comprehension of UML Class Diagrams via Eye Tracking Conference Name: 15th IEEE International Conference on Program Comprehension (ICPC '07) Pages: 113-122 Date: 26-29 June 2007 Short Title: Assessing the Comprehension of UML Class Diagrams via Eye Tracking ISBN: 1092-8138 DOI: 10.1109/ICPC.2007.10 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language data visualisation software engineering UML class diagrams eye-tracking equipment semantic information Computer science Data visualization Feedback Navigation Software design Software maintenance Software systems Usability Video recording Abstract: Eye-tracking equipment is used to assess how well a subject comprehends UML class diagrams. The results of a study are presented in which eye movements are captured in a non-obtrusive manner as users performed various comprehension tasks on UML class diagrams. The goal of the study is to identify specific characteristics of UML class diagrams, such as layout, color, and stereotype usage that are most effective for supporting a given task. Results indicate subjects have a variation in the eye movements (i.e., how the subjects navigate the diagram) depending on their UML expertise and software-design ability to solve the given task. Layouts with additional semantic information about the design were found to be most effective and the use of class stereotypes seems to play a substantial role in comprehension of these diagrams. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7993 Author: Fresa, A., Nucera, G., Peciola, E. and Santucci, G. Year: 2002 Title: Assessment of software architectures: a case study Conference Name: Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Software engineering and knowledge engineering Conference Location: Ischia, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 699-706 DOI: 10.1145/568760.568881 Place Published: 568881 Abstract: Producing high quality software is a very hard task. In the last years a big effort has been spent in devising techniques for estimating and/or measuring software properties. This ranges from forecasting, in a very early stage, the cost of software production to measuring several subcharacterics in order to assess the internal and external software quality. The role of predicting vs. measuring is gaining an increas ing relevance. As an example, the recently revised ISO 9126 standard [1] introduces the concept of Estimated (Predicted) Product Quality. It is clear that the sooner estimated figures are available, the better is possible to modify some design choices. Among all the aspects involved in software developing, a central role is played by the chosen software architecture. Estimating the quality characteristics of such architecture is a strategic activity that can drive several following design decision. In this paper we report the experience of an architectural assessment performed in Ericsson Lab Italy. The assessment was performed according to the framework presented by Jan Bosch in [2]. Notes: software architecture, but not the software architect itself Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8032 Author: Anvaari, Mohsen, S, Carl-Fredrik, #248, rensen and Zimmermann, Olaf Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Associating architectural issues with quality attributes: a survey on expert agreement Conference Name: Proccedings of the 10th European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-7 Short Title: Associating architectural issues with quality attributes: a survey on expert agreement DOI: 10.1145/2993412.3004847 Place Published: 3004847 Abstract: The architectural decision-making process is a complex and crucial endeavor in companies that develop large and distributed software systems. In this process, choosing and evaluating a solution for each architectural issue depends on decision drivers. The drivers are mainly the business factors (e.g., cost, time-to-market, etc.) and software quality attributes (e.g., security, adaptability, etc.). This paper examines whether there is agreement among experts in associating (i.e., relating) architectural issues with relevant quality attributes. We conducted a survey with 37 experts from several industrial domains who, at least once a month, make one or more architectural decisions. The results show there is poor agreement among these experts in identifying and scoring relevant quality attributes for each architectural issue. Poor agreement implies that the associating task is subjective, and that experts inconsistently define and interpret the relevance of various quality attributes for a given architectural issue that may hurt the sustainability of their architectural decisions. This paper suggests that practitioners in their decision-making should employ approaches that are more systematic. The approaches should be supported by methods and tools designed to diminish the biases of intuitive, experience-based approaches of associating architectural issues with quality attributes. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://0397144427/Associating architectural issues with quality.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8424 Author: Yang, Chen, Liang, Peng and Avgeriou, Paris Year: 2018 Title: Assumptions and their management in software development: A systematic mapping study Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 94 Pages: 82-110 Date: 2// Short Title: Assumptions and their management in software development: A systematic mapping study ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2017.10.003 Keywords: Software development Assumption Assumptions management Systematic mapping study Abstract: AbstractContext Assumptions are constantly made by stakeholders or generated automatically in software development. However, there is a lack of systematic analysis and comprehensive understanding of the research and practice regarding assumptions and their management. Objective This work aims to explore and analyze the state of the art on assumptions and their management in software development. Method A systematic mapping study that covers the literature from January 2001 to December 2015 on assumptions and their management in software development. Results 134 studies were included: (1) The studies were published in 94 venues, which indicates that assumptions and their management has been a broad topic in software engineering. (2) Only 21 studies defined the assumption concept. (3) Most assumptions are made for or related to the artifacts in requirements engineering and software design, which demonstrates that assumptions should be managed from the early phases of software development. (4) Much effort has been put on Assumptions Making, Description, and Evaluation. Assumptions Maintenance received moderate attention. More than half of the tools identified aim to support assume-guarantee reasoning. For the other tools, most of them can be used to support Assumptions Description. (5) All the identified types of stakeholders are involved in Assumptions Making, followed by Evaluation and Description. Stakeholders involved in requirements engineering, software design, and software construction play a central role in assumptions management. (6) The main challenge is the difficulty of performing assumptions management activities in software development. (7) The identified assumptions management approaches, tools, benefits, and lessons learned are limited to their specific contexts (e.g., context of use). (8) Most of the negative consequences are caused by invalid or implicit assumptions. Conclusions This work provides researchers and practitioners with a reflection of the past fifteen years of research and practice on assumptions and their management in software development. Notes: Literature review - excluded URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584916304189 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9545 Author: Paterson, M. J., Cormack, W. A., Herd, J. T. and Beard, S. M. Year of Conference: 1989 Title: An astronomical imaging application using transputers Conference Name: International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Pages: 1528-1531 vol.3 Date: 23-26 May 1989 Short Title: An astronomical imaging application using transputers ISBN: 1520-6149 DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.1989.266732 Keywords: astronomy computing computerised picture processing parallel machines 24 Mbyte COSMOS machine SuperCOSMOS astronomical imaging application charge coupled device data acquisition high-volume data processing interface microdensitometer offline processing ported process real-time processing software design topologies transputers Biomedical imaging Charge coupled devices Current measurement Data engineering Data mining Data processing Extraterrestrial measurements Power measurement Real time systems Time measurement Abstract: The authors discuss the role of transputers in high-speed, high-volume data processing and describe the software design methodology necessary to support a fully engineered implementation. An advanced microdensitometer, SuperCOSMOS, is currently under development, and provides data at rates of 500 kbytes/s from a linear 2048 element CCD (charge coupled device) array. Particular attention is given to the operation of the current COSMOS machine, the development of SuperCOSMOS, the ported process, topologies, and the interface. Porting of algorithms for the real-time processing required by SuperCOSMOS has proved straightforward, and it seem likely that offline processing will be transferred to another array of transputers in order to exploit the processing power available. Each offline domain will consist of one or more transputers and 24 Mbytes of memory and will have access to those sections of the disk farm not being used for data acquisition Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9617 Author: Valentin, G., Victor, C. and Pompiliu, B. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: ATMEGA256-based data network management software architecture Conference Name: 2009 International Symposium on Signals, Circuits and Systems Pages: 1-4 Date: 9-10 July 2009 Short Title: ATMEGA256-based data network management software architecture DOI: 10.1109/ISSCS.2009.5206123 Keywords: computer network management local area networks software architecture ATMEGA256 controller Ethernet communications centre data network management software architecture hardware functionallity serial based link Centralized control Communication system control Control systems Energy management Monitoring Power system management Read-write memory Utility programs Abstract: This paper presents the structure, hardware functionallity and software architecture of a data network management system based on the ATMEGA256 controller. Its role is to communicate with a controlling entity via an Ethernet or a serial based link, thus providing the means to monitor and configure the various equipments comprising a communications centre. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9516 Author: Harrison, T. C. and Campbell, A. P. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Attempting to Understand the Progress of Software Architecture Decision-Making on Large Australian Defence Projects Conference Name: 2011 Ninth Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 42-45 Date: 20-24 June 2011 Short Title: Attempting to Understand the Progress of Software Architecture Decision-Making on Large Australian Defence Projects DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2011.15 Keywords: computational complexity decision theory military computing software architecture software development management Australian defence projects architecture knowledge management de facto decision theory dynamic complexity model of software system architecture decision making ubiquitous normative decision theory Biological system modeling Computer architecture Decision making Humans Modeling Presses USA Councils agent-based modeling decision-making decisions simulation Abstract: This short paper details exploratory research into architecture knowledge management (AKM) at the very early stages of architectural design. This is a departure from traditional AKM, instead of a focus on decisions, the focus shifts to decision making. Additional decision theories and decision-making philosophies are needed to supplement the ubiquitous normative decision theory and its associated rational decision-making, which is assumed by AKM to-date as the de facto decision theory. Extensions to the agent model paradigm have been explored to portray the evolution of a set of architecture decisions according to multiple decision theories sourced from the human sciences of neurology, psychology, and sociology. Model Of Software System Architecture Decision-making (MOSSAD) uses agent-based modeling and simulation in an attempt to understand the dynamic complexity of interdependencies & interactions found in decision-to-decision relationships amongst hundreds of decisions and their asynchronous evolutions over time. If understanding is possible, this should lead to knowledge for legitimate progress of architectural decision-making. This in turn should lead to a new theory about the time period necessary for architectural design on a project. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7937 Author: Rick, Jochen Year: 2002 Title: AudioExplorer: multiple linked representations for convergence Conference Name: Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning: Foundations for a CSCL Community Conference Location: Boulder, Colorado Publisher: International Society of the Learning Sciences Pages: 535-536 Place Published: 1658707 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9638 Author: Davidson, E. M., McArthur, S. D. J., Yuen, C. and Larsson, M. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: AuRA-NMS: Towards the delivery of smarter distribution networks through the application of multi-agent systems technology Conference Name: 2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century Pages: 1-6 Date: 20-24 July 2008 Short Title: AuRA-NMS: Towards the delivery of smarter distribution networks through the application of multi-agent systems technology ISBN: 1932-5517 DOI: 10.1109/PES.2008.4596672 Keywords: control engineering computing distribution networks multi-agent systems power engineering computing power system management power system restoration software architecture voltage control agent-based software architecture automatic restoration autonomous regional active network management system distribution network operators hardware platform intelligent-smart networks multiagent systems technology network performance optimisation strategies power flow management Automatic voltage control Educational institutions Energy management Intelligent networks Load flow Multiagent systems Optimization Cooperative systems distributed control intelligent systems Abstract: This paper discusses AuRA-NMS, an autonomous regional active network management system currently being developed in the UK through a partnership between several UK universities, two distribution network operators (DNO) and ABB. The scope of control to be undertaken by AuRA-NMS includes: automatic restoration, voltage control, power flow management and implementation of network performance optimisation strategies. The paper briefly describes AuRA-NMS and its position in the context of future "intelligent"/"smart" networks. The paper focuses on two key elements of the delivery of a demonstrable version of AuRA-NMS: its agent-based software architecture and the hardware platform on which it will initially be deployed. The paper concludes with a short discussion of the role of MAS technology in future energy networks with reference to its use in AuRA-NMS. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9515 Author: Li, Shujie, Lou, Guohuan, Zhang, Xiaojuan and Cao, Xiaohua Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Auto-discharging system for jigging machine based on SRM Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Optics, Photonics and Energy Engineering (OPEE) Volume: 1 Pages: 130-133 Date: 10-11 May 2010 Short Title: Auto-discharging system for jigging machine based on SRM ISBN: 2158-7434 DOI: 10.1109/OPEE.2010.5508175 Keywords: Automatic control Circuits Control systems Detectors Hardware Reluctance machines Reluctance motors Rotors Switching converters Voltage control auto-discharge system jigging machine switched reluctance motor Abstract: This paper introduces an auto-discharging system for jigging machine based on switched reluctance motor (SRM). In this system, SRM is used to replace the traditional asynchronous motor. The hardware system, controller and software design methods are discussed in this paper. AT89C51 is taken as the core component of the speed regulation controller for SMR and works with other peripheral circuits to realize effective control on motor. The experiment shows that auto-discharging system for jigging machine based on SRM is feasible and can play an important role in stabilizing clean coal ash content, reducing clean coal loss, improving product quality and separation efficiency. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9527 Author: Dincel, E., Eris, O. and Kurtulan, S. Year: 2013 Title: Automata-Based Railway Signaling and Interlocking System Design [Testing Ourselves] Journal: IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine Volume: 55 Issue: 4 Pages: 308-319 Short Title: Automata-Based Railway Signaling and Interlocking System Design [Testing Ourselves] ISSN: 1045-9243 DOI: 10.1109/MAP.2013.6645212 Keywords: automata theory decision making programmable controllers rail traffic railway communication railway safety PLC automata-based railway signaling decision-making interlocking system fail-safe programmable logic controller highspeed trains interlocking software design railway signaling system railway traffic safety standards scale railway model Accidents Rail transportation Safety Signal processing System analysis and design Traffic control Railway signalization automata fail-safe system interlocking system design Abstract: Railway signaling has become more important over the years, with the increase in railway traffic and the use of highspeed trains. Since the most important aspect of a railway signaling system is safety, the decision-making "interlocking system" is the critical element of a railway-signaling system. To satisfy the safety standards set for railway-signaling systems, the interlocking software design must be taken into account, using formal methods. In this study, an automata-based railway signaling and interlocking system is introduced and implemented, using a fail-safe programmable logic controller (PLC) on a scale railway model. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8380 Author: Stewart, David B. Year: 2000 Title: Automated analysis and fine-tuning of timing properties in embedded real-time systems Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 25 Issue: 1 Pages: 86-87 Short Title: Automated analysis and fine-tuning of timing properties in embedded real-time systems ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/340855.341028 Legal Note: 341028 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8765 Author: Winkel, Per and Ravn, Henrik Nissen Year: 1996 Title: Automated laboratory protocols Journal: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Pages: 69-83 Date: 1// Short Title: Automated laboratory protocols ISSN: 0169-2607 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-2607(95)01709-7 Keywords: Computer-assisted decision making Software design Computer reasoning Automation Clinical laboratory information systems Abstract: A protocol is a program which controls, monitors and modifies the requests for laboratory services during the diagnostic work-up and/or monitoring of a patient. A protocol language and an OS/2 based system for the compilation, interpretation and execution of laboratory protocols written in this language is presented. The system is easily interfaced with any patient data base that supports the structured query language (SQL). A compiled protocol may be assigned to a patient and executed as specified in the protocol itself (regularly and/or when certain events such as test requests or arrival of results, occur). In the laboratory protocol language a patient's data are viewed as a set of test procedure groups each comprising the data (request time, result, etc.) describing the status of one or more simultaneously made laboratory test requests. A pattern specification is a statement saying that a sequence of test procedure groups of specified types and ages is present in the data. Pattern specifications are linked to Boolean variables. If a pattern matching a pattern specification is found in the patient's database the corresponding Boolean variable is set equal to TRUE. The Boolean variables are utilized in the decision logic of the protocol. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169260795017097 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8451 Author: Cao, Mukun, Luo, Xudong, Luo, Xin and Dai, Xiaopei Year: 2015 Title: Automated negotiation for e-commerce decision making: A goal deliberated agent architecture for multi-strategy selection Journal: Decision Support Systems Volume: 73 Pages: 1-14 Date: 5// Short Title: Automated negotiation for e-commerce decision making: A goal deliberated agent architecture for multi-strategy selection ISSN: 0167-9236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2015.02.012 Keywords: Automated negotiation Negotiating agent Agent architecture Negotiation strategy selection Belief–desire–intention model Goal deliberation Abstract: Automated negotiation plays an important role in dynamic trading in e-commerce. Its research largely focuses on negotiation protocol and strategy design. There is a paucity of further scientific investigation and a pressing need on the implementation of multi-strategy selection, which is crucially useful in human–computer negotiation to achieve better online negotiation outcomes. The lack of such studies has decelerated the process of applying automated negotiation to real world problems. To address the critical issue, this paper develops a multi-strategy negotiating agent system. More specifically, we formally define the agent's conceptual model, and design its abstract software architecture. Grounded on the integration of the time-dependent and behavior-dependent tactics, we also develop a multi-strategy selection theoretical model and algorithm. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this model algorithm, we implement a prototype and conduct numerous experiments. The experimental analysis not only confirms our model's effectiveness but also reveals some insights into future work about human–computer negotiation systems, which will be widely used in the future B2C e-commerce. Notes: (Robert) URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167923615000329 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8005 Author: Cosmo, Roberto Di, Lienhardt, Michael, Treinen, Ralf, Zacchiroli, Stefano, Zwolakowski, Jakub, Eiche, Antoine and Agahi, Alexis Year: 2014 Title: Automated synthesis and deployment of cloud applications Conference Name: Proceedings of the 29th ACM/IEEE international conference on Automated software engineering Conference Location: Vasteras, Sweden Publisher: ACM Pages: 211-222 DOI: 10.1145/2642937.2642980 Place Published: 2642980 Abstract: Complex networked applications are assembled by connecting software components distributed across multiple machines. Building and deploying such systems is a challenging problem which requires a significant amount of expertise: the system architect must ensure that all component dependencies are satisfied, avoid conflicting components, and add the right amount of component replicas to account for quality of service and fault-tolerance. In a cloud environment, one also needs to minimize the virtual resources provisioned upfront, to reduce the cost of operation. Once the full architecture is designed, it is necessary to correctly orchestrate the deployment phase, to ensure all components are started and connected in the right order. We present a toolchain that automates the assembly and deployment of such complex distributed applications. Given as input a high-level specification of the desired system, the set of available components together with their requirements, and the maximal amount of virtual resources to be committed, it synthesizes the full architecture of the system, placing components in an optimal manner using the minimal number of available machines, and automatically deploys the complete system in a cloud environment. Notes: building system instead of behavior Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8572 Author: Dong, Jing, Peng, Tu and Zhao, Yajing Year: 2010 Title: Automated verification of security pattern compositions Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 52 Issue: 3 Pages: 274-295 Date: 3// Short Title: Automated verification of security pattern compositions ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2009.10.001 Keywords: Design pattern Security Logics Process algebra Model checking Abstract: Software security becomes a critically important issue for software development when more and more malicious attacks explore the security holes in software systems. To avoid security problems, a large software system design may reuse good security solutions by applying security patterns. Security patterns document expert solutions to common security problems and capture best practices on secure software design and development. Although each security pattern describes a good design guideline, the compositions of these security patterns may be inconsistent and encounter problems and flaws. Therefore, the compositions of security patterns may be even insecure. In this paper, we present an approach to automated verification of the compositions of security patterns by model checking. We formally define the behavioral aspect of security patterns in CCS through their sequence diagrams. We also prove the faithfulness of the transformation from a sequence diagram to its CCS representation. In this way, the properties of the security patterns can be checked by a model checker when they are composed. Composition errors and problems can be discovered early in the design stage. We also use two case studies to illustrate our approach and show its capability to detect composition errors. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584909001724 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8423 Author: Chong, Chun Yong and Lee, Sai Peck Year: 2017 Title: Automatic clustering constraints derivation from object-oriented software using weighted complex network with graph theory analysis Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 133 Pages: 28-53 Date: 11// Short Title: Automatic clustering constraints derivation from object-oriented software using weighted complex network with graph theory analysis ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2017.08.017 Keywords: Constrained clustering Software clustering Software remodularisation Graph theory Complex network Abstract: Constrained clustering or semi-supervised clustering has received a lot of attention due to its flexibility of incorporating minimal supervision of domain experts or side information to help improve clustering results of classic unsupervised clustering techniques. In the domain of software remodularisation, classic unsupervised software clustering techniques have proven to be useful to aid in recovering a high-level abstraction of the software design of poorly documented or designed software systems. However, there is a lack of work that integrates constrained clustering for the same purpose to help improve the modularity of software systems. Nevertheless, due to time and budget constraints, it is laborious and unrealistic for domain experts who have prior knowledge about the software to review each and every software artifact and provide supervision on an on-demand basis. We aim to fill this research gap by proposing an automated approach to derive clustering constraints from the implicit structure of software system based on graph theory analysis of the analysed software. Evaluations conducted on 40 open-source object-oriented software systems show that the proposed approach can serve as an alternative solution to derive clustering constraints in situations where domain experts are non-existent, thus helping to improve the overall accuracy of clustering results. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121217301772 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8905 Author: Jung, E., Kapoor, C. and Batory, D. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Automatic code generation for actuator interfacing from a declarative specification Conference Name: 2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems Pages: 2839-2844 Date: 2-6 Aug. 2005 Short Title: Automatic code generation for actuator interfacing from a declarative specification ISBN: 2153-0858 DOI: 10.1109/IROS.2005.1545465 Keywords: actuators formal specification graphical user interfaces inheritance object-oriented programming program compilers robot dynamics robot kinematics robot programming GUI OSCAR actuator interfacing automatic code generation class composition decision making declarative specification feature-oriented programming generative programming graphical user interface hardware interfacing object composition operational software components for advanced robotics product line architecture program generation robot control software robot controller software software design software engineering Hardware Kinematics Object oriented modeling Packaging Robot control Robotics and automation Software packages Software performance Feature Oriented Programming Product Line Robotics Abstract: Common software design practices use object-oriented (OO) frameworks that structure software in terms of objects, classes, and packages; designers then create programs by inheritance and composition of classes and objects. Operational software components for advanced robotics (OSCAR) is one such framework for robot control software with abstractions for generalized kinematics, dynamics, performance criteria, decision making, and hardware interfacing. Even with OSCAR, writing new programs still requires a significant amount of manual labor. Feature-oriented programming (FOP) is method for software design that models and specifies programs in terms of features, where a feature encapsulates the common design decisions that occur in a domain. A set of features then forms a domain model for a product line architecture. Product variants in this product line can then be generated from a declarative specification. FOP and related technologies are emerging software engineering techniques for automatically generating programs. Our research applies FOP to robot controller software. As an example, the domain of hardware interfacing is analyzed and 41 features identified. A GUI for specifying and generating programs is presented as well. Analysis of features shows 200 possible different programs could be generated. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9190 Author: Wang, J., Kim, S. K. and Carrington, D. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Automatic Generation of Test Models for Model Transformations Conference Name: 19th Australian Conference on Software Engineering (aswec 2008) Pages: 432-440 Date: 26-28 March 2008 Short Title: Automatic Generation of Test Models for Model Transformations ISBN: 1530-0803 DOI: 10.1109/ASWEC.2008.4483232 Keywords: automatic testing program testing program verification automatic test generation eclipse modeling framework model driven architecture model transformations software design approach software systems source code Australia Automation Computer architecture Electronic mail Information technology Prototypes Software design Software engineering Software testing Automatic Test Model Generation Testing Model Transformations Abstract: The model driven architecture (MDA) is a software design approach initiated by OMG. MDA is intended to support model driven engineering of software systems. Under MDA, the central artifacts are models which are transformed to include platform-specific detail, and eventually to source code. Therefore, model transformations play a key role in making MDA succeed. However, much less attention has been given to the need to ensure that model transformations generate the intended results. This paper explores validation and verification of model transformations using testing techniques. The paper describes the steps for generating test input models from a given set of transformation rules and the corresponding source metamodel(s). The process of testing model transformations has been implemented in a prototype tool that is built using the eclipse modeling framework (EMF). Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8545 Author: Coronato, Antonio, d'Acierno, Antonio and De Pietro, Giuseppe Year: 2005 Title: Automatic implementation of constraints in component based applications Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 47 Issue: 7 Pages: 497-509 Date: 5/15/ Short Title: Automatic implementation of constraints in component based applications ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2004.09.015 Keywords: Component engineering Automatic constraints implementation Component modeling Development process Abstract: Component-based software architectures have become one of the predominant solutions in the software technologies scenario. As well, constraints have been assuming an ever more relevant role in modeling distributed systems as long as business rules implementation, design-by-contract practice, and fault-tolerance requirements are concerned. Nevertheless, component developers are not sufficiently supported by existing tools to implement these features. We address such a deficiency and we propose some implementation patterns to translate constraint models into source code and two automatic tools: the Component Constraint Modeler (CoCoMod) and the Component Constraint Generator (CoCoGen). CoCoMod enables designers to specify both component interfaces and constraints as visual UML models and automatically generates textual models for interfaces and constraints. CoCoGen executes the implementation patters to translate constraint models into source code. A simple case study is presented in order to show an application of the proposed approach. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584904001442 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9288 Author: Lu, S., Cai, Z. J., Cao, X. L., Zeng, G. R. and Liu, T. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Automatic Ranging System of Vehicles with Risk Estimation and Decision Making Based on MPC5200 Conference Name: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications Pages: 449-454 Date: 1-3 Oct. 2007 Short Title: Automatic Ranging System of Vehicles with Risk Estimation and Decision Making Based on MPC5200 ISBN: 1085-1992 DOI: 10.1109/CCA.2007.4389272 Keywords: decision making optical radar risk management road vehicles traffic engineering computing MPC5200 laser-lidar ranging method optical-mechanical-electrical automatic ranging system risk estimation vehicles automatic ranging system Acoustic sensors Automatic control Computer architecture Control systems Detectors Laser radar Microprocessors Vehicle detection Vehicle safety Abstract: Based on the structure and theory of optical-mechanical-electrical automatic ranging system of vehicles, paper has a discussion and research of the architecture and design of auto ranging system with risk estimation and decision making basing on MPC5200, which includes hardware architecture, software architecture and key technology, etc. The system adopts the laser-lidar ranging method to get a high precision and it presents a method of mounting the reflecting points on the rotating bearing to enhance the accuracy of speed checking. We also considered the solution of dealing with all kinds of road surfaces. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9250 Author: Weinreich, R. and Buchgeher, G. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Automatic Reference Architecture Conformance Checking for SOA-Based Software Systems Conference Name: 2014 IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 95-104 Date: 7-11 April 2014 Short Title: Automatic Reference Architecture Conformance Checking for SOA-Based Software Systems DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2014.22 Keywords: conformance testing formal specification program diagnostics service-oriented architecture software reusability software standards SOA-based software systems architecture extraction architecture information automatic reference architecture conformance checking banking domain checking process company-wide reference architectures reference architecture specifications reuse role mapping rule evaluation software architecture representation standardization Computer architecture Object oriented modeling Protocols Software systems Unified modeling language conformance checking reference architecture service-oriented architecture (SOA) software architecture Abstract: Company-wide reference architectures are an important means for standardization and reuse. Standardization is enforced through reference architecture conformance checking. Manual conformance checking is too time- and resource-intensive to be performed continuously for the various systems that are part of a SOA. We present an approach for automatic reference architecture conformance checking of SOA-based software systems. Reference architectures are defined based on rules consisting of roles and of constraints on roles and role relationships. By mapping the roles to the elements of a software architecture representation, reference architecture specifications are reusable for different software systems. Through automating the whole checking process, including architecture extraction, role mapping, and rule evaluation, the approach can be applied continuously for the different systems that are part of a SOA. The approach has been developed and refined by applying it to a SOA in the banking domain. During its evolution from semi-automatic to a fully automatic approach it has also changed the way of how architecture information is provided as part of the system implementation in this domain. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9021 Author: Nagiub, M. and Farag, W. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Automatic selection of compiler options using genetic techniques for embedded software design Conference Name: 2013 IEEE 14th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics (CINTI) Pages: 69-74 Date: 19-21 Nov. 2013 Short Title: Automatic selection of compiler options using genetic techniques for embedded software design DOI: 10.1109/CINTI.2013.6705166 Keywords: embedded systems genetic algorithms program compilers software selection CPU load requirements ROM size chromosomes selection code size optimization compiler options automatic selection design requirements embedded software design genetic techniques genetics operator pass-over operator software design process Biological cells Classification algorithms Genetics Optimization Sociology Software Statistics Abstract: ROM size and CPU load are considered as critical resources for the software design process of the embedded software. Thus it is necessary to produce software that follows specific ROM and CPU load requirements. Compiler options play major role in the optimization of code size and CPU load of the software. Selection of the best compiler option-set that provides the required code size and CPU load is a challenging process due to the wide range of options provided by modern compilers. In this paper we are providing a new technique that enables the designers to select automatically the best compiler options set that matches their design requirements based on genetic techniques. We have also added a new genetics operator called pass-over operator to enhance the chromosomes selection for the next generation. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9404 Author: Wurtz, F., Bigeon, J., Coulomb, J. L. and Eustache, P. Year: 1995 Title: Automatic task optimisation for finite element loop computations: an expert tool Journal: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Volume: 31 Issue: 3 Pages: 1678-1683 Short Title: Automatic task optimisation for finite element loop computations: an expert tool ISSN: 0018-9464 DOI: 10.1109/20.376358 Keywords: expert systems finite element analysis mathematics computing optimisation automatic task optimisation computation time expert tool finite element loop computations parametrized loop finite element studies software architecture Assembly systems Equations Finite element methods Linear systems Mesh generation Physics computing Shape Software algorithms Spatial databases Abstract: Our problem is to optimise the computation time in parametrized loop finite element studies. The idea is to avoid computing finite element tasks again, the results of which are constant in each successive computation. This paper describes a model of knowledge and a software architecture for an expert tool to do this automatically Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8930 Author: Xia, Mingfei, Wang, Hongfeng and Xia, Mingqi Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Automatic test system for some kind general electronic equipment Conference Name: IEEE 2011 10th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments Volume: 2 Pages: 73-75 Date: 16-19 Aug. 2011 Short Title: Automatic test system for some kind general electronic equipment DOI: 10.1109/ICEMI.2011.6037768 Keywords: automatic test equipment expert systems fault diagnosis hardware-software codesign VXI technology automatic test system expert system general electronic equipment hardware design software system Computers Databases Hardware Instruments Knowledge based systems Software VXI automatic test electronic equipment Abstract: The advancement of test system for electronic equipment must keep pace with the complexity of modern electronic equipment. VXI bus technology has been becoming the mainstream of computer test and control, and also is the core of standardization for automatic test equipment. A kind of automatic test equipment for general electronic system based on VXI technology is presented in this paper. The hardware design and software system are discussed and the system performance is also analyzed. The software design requirement of fault diagnosis based on expert system is also introduced. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8875 Author: Baojiang, Sun and Zuoxun, Wang Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Automatic Testing System for airborne communication equipments Conference Name: 2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering Pages: 3040-3043 Date: 15-17 April 2011 Short Title: Automatic Testing System for airborne communication equipments DOI: 10.1109/ICEICE.2011.5778036 Keywords: automatic test equipment fault diagnosis software architecture telecommunication equipment testing airborne communication equipments automatic testing system fault diagnosis subsystem Atmospheric modeling Automatic testing Communication equipment Computers Extraterrestrial measurements Military computing ATS Modeling TPS Abstract: An Automatic Testing System for airborne communication equipment is introduced in this paper. System hardware design is the embodiment of generalization, standardization and modularization designing ideas. The Modeling method is adopted in software architecture that accomplishes the generalization and expansibility of system. As the most important factor of ATS cost, TPS can be built automatically and be independent of instrument interchange. Fault diagnosis subsystem is an intelligent, learning and rule-based expert system. The system can perform automatic test and fault diagnosis of seven types of airborne communication equipments; it can also be applied to other communication equipments after proper adapter being completed. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9313 Author: Tashk, A., Helfroush, M. and Karimi, V. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: An automatic traffic control system based on simultaneous Persian license plate recognition and driver fingerprint identification Conference Name: 2012 20th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR) Pages: 1729-1732 Date: 20-22 Nov. 2012 Short Title: An automatic traffic control system based on simultaneous Persian license plate recognition and driver fingerprint identification DOI: 10.1109/TELFOR.2012.6419561 Keywords: automobiles feature extraction fingerprint identification natural language processing optical character recognition road traffic control software architecture transportation Euclidian distance criterion Farsi character recognition Persian character recognition Persian license plate recognition automatic car plate recognition automatic traffic control system car driver authority car plate extraction character extraction digital image processing driver fingerprint identification driver verification driving fluency fingerprint biometric functionality improvement low-light conditions normalized cross-correlation privacy limitations security limitations shiny conditions traffic lights transportation guidance Character recognition Fingerprint recognition Image recognition Licenses Traffic control Vehicles Euclidian distance Farsi or Persian characters License plate recognition system Abstract: Traffic control systems such as traffic lights play an inevitable role in the current world's transportation guidance and driving fluency. In this paper, an automatic traffic control system based on advance software architecture is proposed. In the proposed architecture, automatic car plate recognition and driver verification based on fingerprint biometric are mixed with each other. The license plate recognition part is adapted for Persian or Farsi characters. The persian or farsi characters recognition is done by a very simple Normalized cross correlation which is very analogous to Euclidian distance criterion. To improve the functionality of this platform, some special and innovative digital image processing are employed so that the program is able to extract and recognize the car plate and its related characters even if in the low light or shiny conditions. The fingerprint recognition system is also added to the proposed traffic control system to ensure the authority of the car driver to enter to the places with high privacy and security limitations. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and suitable performance of the proposed automatic traffic control system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9129 Author: Li, X., Wang, S., Tan, J., Ye, J., Si, X. and Li, M. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Automatic Wireless Embedded Projector Player System Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Multimedia Technology Pages: 1-5 Date: 29-31 Oct. 2010 Short Title: Automatic Wireless Embedded Projector Player System DOI: 10.1109/ICMULT.2010.5630323 Keywords: display devices embedded systems optical projectors radio networks USB storage port automatic embedded projector player system remote control wireless network Hardware Servers Software packages Universal Serial Bus Wireless networks Abstract: We present an automatic embedded projector player system with wireless network. Embedded system substitutes for the personal computer system, the latter usually plays role of player for projector nowadays. The player system solves the problem of cable complex layout of projector by using the wireless network. We also recommend a new remote control handle with wireless network and USB storage port, which can and read files from flash disk and upload these files to player system, and can operate the player system of projector completely. It has advantages of no PC, low cost, low power consumption, and high convenient. This paper gives the hardware and software architecture of the player system, and discusses the design in detail. At last, we show a prototype, and experiments were demonstrated the validity of the proposed system. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7918 Author: Kr, Ingolf H., #252, ger, Lee, Gunny and Meisinger, Michael Year: 2006 Title: Automating software architecture exploration with M2Aspects Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Scenarios and state machines: models, algorithms, and tools Conference Location: Shanghai, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 51-58 DOI: 10.1145/1138953.1138964 Place Published: 1138964 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7963 Author: Freeman, Peter Year: 1973 Title: Automating software design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 10th Design Automation Workshop Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 62-67 Place Published: 804000 Abstract: The author summarizes the Workshop on Automating Software Design, held August 25, 1988, at the annual conference of the America Association for Artificial Intelligence. Sixty researchers from North America, Europe, and Japan met to discuss recent advances in knowledge-based software engineering. The interests of participants ranged from using AI techniques for managing large software projects to automatic programming. Notes: just summary - exclude quality criteria Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8714 Author: Fiers, Tom, Maes, Viviane and Sevens, Claude Year: 1996 Title: Automation of toxicological screenings on a Hewlett Packard Chemstation GC-MS system Journal: Clinical Biochemistry Volume: 29 Issue: 4 Pages: 357-361 Date: 8// Short Title: Automation of toxicological screenings on a Hewlett Packard Chemstation GC-MS system ISSN: 0009-9120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-9120(96)00044-6 Keywords: toxicology GC-MS expert system decision analysis software design Hewlett Packard automation Abstract: Objectives: To optimize the interpretation of GC-MS toxicological screenings (i.e., to facilitate ion specific queries, create custom reports specifically adapted to each confirmation procedure, and eliminate redundant and/or inaccurate data on library search reports). Design and Methods: The MS Chemstation software of the Hewlett Packard 5972 is constructed in a modular way. We made extensive modifications to two modules, the data analysis and the report modules, using the built-in MS Chemstation macro language. Results: Ion specific queries were automated for over 60 commonly encountered analytes. Custom reports were created for the confirmation of positive drugs-of-abuse immunoassay results. With the incorporation of decision support rules into the data processing and the reporting phases, we obtained sensitive, accurate, and concise reports. Conclusions: The MS Chemstation software can be tailored to the needs of each individual application. The incorporation of a rule-based decision support system enhances the quality of the GC-MS toxicological screenings and results in faster, easier, and more reliable processing. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0009912096000446 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8841 Author: Bickley, M., Bryan, D. A. and White, K. S. Year of Conference: 1999 Title: The Automator: intelligent control system monitoring Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1999 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.99CH36366) Volume: 2 Pages: 735-737 vol.2 Date: 1999 Short Title: The Automator: intelligent control system monitoring DOI: 10.1109/PAC.1999.795338 Keywords: accelerator control systems client-server systems distributed control intelligent control Automator graphical design tools intelligent control system monitoring large scale control system middleware software server repetitive operations Automatic control Computerized monitoring Control systems Engines Fatigue Humans Large-scale systems Middleware Software tools Abstract: A large scale control system may contain several hundred thousand control points which must be monitored to ensure smooth operation. Knowledge of the current state of such a system is often implicit in the values of these points and operators must be cognizant of the state while making decisions. Repetitive operations requiring human intervention lead to fatigue, which can in turn lead to mistakes. The authors propose a tool called the Automator based on a middleware software server. This tool would provide a user configurable engine for monitoring control points. Based on the status of these control points, a specified action could be taken. The action could range from setting another control point, to triggering an alarm, to running an executable. Often the data presented by a system is meaningless without context information from other channels. Such a tool could be configured to present interpreted information based on values of other channels. Additionally, this tool could translate numerous values in a non friendly form (such as numbers, bits, or return codes) into meaningful strings of information. Multiple instances of this server could be run, allowing individuals or groups to configure their own Automators. The configuration of the tool will be file based. In the future these files could be generated by graphical design tools, allowing for rapid development of new configurations. In addition the server will be able to explicitly maintain information about the state of the control system. This state information can be used in decision making processes and shared with other applications. A conceptual frame work and software design for the tool are presented Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8427 Author: Pelliccione, Patrizio, Knauss, Eric, Heldal, Rogardt, Magnus Ågren, S., Mallozzi, Piergiuseppe, Alminger, Anders and Borgentun, Daniel Year: 2017 Title: Automotive Architecture Framework: The experience of Volvo Cars Journal: Journal of Systems Architecture Volume: 77 Pages: 83-100 Date: 6// Short Title: Automotive Architecture Framework: The experience of Volvo Cars ISSN: 1383-7621 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2017.02.005 Keywords: Architecture framework Software architecture Automotive domain Systems of Systems Continuous integration and deployment Automotive ecosystem Abstract: The automotive domain is living an extremely challenging historical moment shocked by many emerging business and technological needs. Electrification, autonomous driving, and connected cars are some of the driving needs in this changing world. Increasingly, vehicles are becoming software-intensive complex systems and most of the innovation within the automotive industry is based on electronics and software. Modern vehicles can have over 100 Electronic Control Units (ECUs), which are small computers, together executing gigabytes of software. ECUs are connected to each other through several networks within the car, and the car is increasingly connected with the outside world. These novelties ask for a change on how the software is engineered and produced and for a disruptive renovation of the electrical and software architecture of the car. In this paper we describe the current investigation of Volvo Cars to create an architecture framework able to cope with the complexity and needs of present and future vehicles. Specifically, we present scenarios that describe demands for the architectural framework and introduce three new viewpoints that need to be taken into account for future architectural decisions: Continuous Integration and Deployment, Ecosystem and Transparency, and car as a constituent of a System of Systems. Our results are based on a series of focus groups with experts in automotive engineering and architecture from different companies and universities. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762117300954 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8364 Author: Sporer, Harald and Brenner, Eugen Year: 2016 Title: An automotive E/E system domain-specific modelling approach with various tool support Journal: SIGAPP Appl. Comput. Rev. Volume: 16 Issue: 1 Pages: 5-14 Short Title: An automotive E/E system domain-specific modelling approach with various tool support ISSN: 1559-6915 DOI: 10.1145/2924715.2924716 Legal Note: 2924716 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8559 Author: Pandey, Suraj, Voorsluys, William, Niu, Sheng, Khandoker, Ahsan and Buyya, Rajkumar Year: 2012 Title: An autonomic cloud environment for hosting ECG data analysis services Journal: Future Generation Computer Systems Volume: 28 Issue: 1 Pages: 147-154 Date: 1// Short Title: An autonomic cloud environment for hosting ECG data analysis services ISSN: 0167-739X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2011.04.022 Keywords: Autonomic middleware ECG analysis Cloud computing Abstract: Advances in sensor technology, personal mobile devices, wireless broadband communications, and Cloud computing are enabling real-time collection and dissemination of personal health data to patients and health-care professionals anytime and from anywhere. Personal mobile devices, such as PDAs and mobile phones, are becoming more powerful in terms of processing capabilities and information management and play a major role in peoples daily lives. This technological advancement has led us to design a real-time health monitoring and analysis system that is Scalable and Economical for people who require frequent monitoring of their health. In this paper, we focus on the design aspects of an autonomic Cloud environment that collects peoples health data and disseminates them to a Cloud-based information repository and facilitates analysis on the data using software services hosted in the Cloud. To evaluate the software design we have developed a prototype system that we use as an experimental testbed on a specific use case, namely, the collection of electrocardiogram (ECG) data obtained at real-time from volunteers to perform basic ECG beat analysis. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X11000732 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8643 Author: Narasimhan, Sriram, Balaban, Edward, Daigle, Matthew, Roychoudhury, Indranil, Sweet, Adam, Celaya, Jose and Goebel, Kai Year: 2012 Title: Autonomous Decision Making for Planetary Rovers Using Diagnostic and Prognostic Information Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 45 Issue: 20 Pages: 289-294 Date: 1// Short Title: Autonomous Decision Making for Planetary Rovers Using Diagnostic and Prognostic Information ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3182/20120829-3-MX-2028.00243 Keywords: autonomous decision making diagnosis prognosis planetary rover Abstract: Rover missions typically involve visiting a set of predetermined waypoints to perform science functions, such as sample collection. Given the communication delay between Earth and the rover, and the possible occurrence of faults, an autonomous decision making system is essential to ensure that the rover maximizes the scientific operations performed without damaging itself further or stalling. This paper presents a modular software architecture for autonomous decision making for rover operations that uses diagnostic and prognostic information to influence mission planning and decision making to maximize the completion of mission objectives. The decision making system consists of separate modules that perform the functions of control, diagnosis, prognosis, and decision making. We demonstrate our implementation of this architecture on a simulated rover testbed. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667016347693 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8928 Author: Evans, J., Redmond, P., Plakas, C., Hamilton, K. and Lane, D. Year of Conference: 2003 Title: Autonomous docking for Intervention-AUVs using sonar and video-based real-time 3D pose estimation Conference Name: Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492) Volume: 4 Pages: 2201-2210 Vol.4 Date: 22-26 Sept. 2003 Short Title: Autonomous docking for Intervention-AUVs using sonar and video-based real-time 3D pose estimation DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2003.178243 Keywords: oceanographic techniques real-time systems remote sensing remotely operated vehicles sonar detection sonar tracking underwater vehicles video signal processing 3D pose reconstruction autonomous docking distributed software architecture hover capable AUV intervention AUV physical manipulation real-time control sonar subsea structures tracking video sensor processing video-based real-time 3D pose estimation Kelvin Laboratories Mobile robots Monitoring Oceans Prototypes Real time systems Sea measurements Abstract: An Intervention-AUV (or I-AUV), is a hover capable AUV whose primary role is direct contact with subsea structures for measurement or physical manipulation of components. The aim of the ALIVE project is to develop an Intervention-AUV capable of docking to a subsea structure which has not been specifically modified for AUV use. This paper describes the modular structure of the ALIVE AUV, including its distributed software architecture and in particular the ADS (Autonomous Docking System). It then outlines the sonar and video sensor processing techniques used for real-time control of the AUV to perform tracking and 3D pose reconstruction. In addition, details of the system tests and practical trials used in the development process are described. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8839 Author: Acosta, G. G., Curti, H. J. and Calvo, O. A. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Autonomous underwater pipeline inspection in AUTOTRACKER PROJECT: the navigation module Conference Name: Europe Oceans 2005 Volume: 1 Pages: 389-394 Vol. 1 Date: 20-23 June 2005 Short Title: Autonomous underwater pipeline inspection in AUTOTRACKER PROJECT: the navigation module DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511746 Keywords: submarine cables underwater vehicles AUTOTRACKER PROJECT North Sea autonomous underwater pipeline inspection navigation module software architecture underwater vehicle Expert systems Face Humans Inspection Navigation Pipelines Remotely operated vehicles Robustness Abstract: This paper presents the design considerations and posterior development of the software architecture for the autonomous navigation of an underwater vehicle. Particularly, the desired trajectory generation module is described. The vehicle is robust enough to allow surveys at depths of several thousands of meters. The objective of the project was to evaluate experimentally if the current technology is able to face autonomous inspections in deep water, practically with minimum human intervention. Recent trials were performed successfully in the North Sea. The article presents the navigation module, from its initial form, as a state machine to its actual implementation stage, based on an expert system. Results of this module performance from these sea trials are discussed. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8314 Author: Suscheck, Charles A. and Komar, Gregory J. Year: 1992 Title: AUTOSPEC: Automatic Motor Specification System Journal: SIGPLAN OOPS Mess. Volume: 4 Issue: 2 Pages: 9-11 Short Title: AUTOSPEC: Automatic Motor Specification System ISSN: 1055-6400 DOI: 10.1145/157710.157711 Legal Note: 157711 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8315 Author: Suscheck, Charles A. and Komar, Gregory J. Year: 1992 Title: AUTOSPEC: Automatic Motor Specification System Conference Name: Addendum to the proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages, and applications (Addendum) Conference Location: Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 9-11 DOI: 10.1145/157709.157711 Place Published: 157711 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9340 Author: Bäuml, M. and Stiefelhagen, R. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: AVSS 2011 demo session: Interactive person-retrieval in a distributed camera network Conference Name: 2011 8th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS) Pages: 525-526 Date: Aug. 30 2011-Sept. 2 2011 Short Title: AVSS 2011 demo session: Interactive person-retrieval in a distributed camera network DOI: 10.1109/AVSS.2011.6027399 Abstract: Summary form only given. Two fundamental pillars of Software Engineering practice are formalism and structure. Formalism allows engineers to reason rigorously about the system in hand; structure allows them to understand its purposes and behaviours. In the constructive activity of system development structure must therefore take precedence. The central role of formalism is to check and verify — or, where necessary, correct — the products of more informal modes of thought. In this talk these ideas are explored in the context of an illustrative system. The large structure of the system functionality is discussed, together with the nature of the components of that structure. Informal criteria of functional simplicity are presented. The inescapable mismatch between an intelligible functional structure and implementable software architecture is exposed. The role of formalism in these concerns is suggested. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8961 Author: Souza, C. R. B. de and Redmiles, D. F. Year: 2011 Title: The Awareness Network, To Whom Should I Display My Actions? And, Whose Actions Should I Monitor? Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 37 Issue: 3 Pages: 325-340 Short Title: The Awareness Network, To Whom Should I Display My Actions? And, Whose Actions Should I Monitor? ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/TSE.2011.19 Keywords: groupware software architecture CSCW awareness network computer-supported cooperative work ethnographic data organizational setting project age social actor software development Collaboration Interviews Monitoring Programming Servers Software organizational management and coordination programming environments programming teams tools. Abstract: The concept of awareness plays a pivotal role in research in Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. Recently, software engineering researchers interested in the collaborative nature of software development have explored the implications of this concept in the design of software development tools. A critical aspect of awareness is the associated coordinative work practices of displaying and monitoring actions. This aspect concerns how colleagues monitor one another's actions to understand how these actions impact their own work and how they display their actions in such a way that others can easily monitor them while doing their own work. In this paper, we focus on an additional aspect of awareness: the identification of the social actors who should be monitored and the actors to whom their actions should be displayed. We address this aspect by presenting software developers' work practices based on ethnographic data from three different software development teams. In addition, we illustrate how these work practices are influenced by different factors, including the organizational setting, the age of the project, and the software architecture. We discuss how our results are relevant for both CSCW and software engineering researchers. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8523 Author: Suh, Nam P. and Do, Sung-Hee Year: 2000 Title: Axiomatic Design of Software Systems Journal: CIRP Annals Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Pages: 95-100 Date: // Short Title: Axiomatic Design of Software Systems ISSN: 0007-8506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)62904-7 Keywords: software axiomatic design Abstract: Software is playing an increasingly important role in manufacturing. Many manufacturing firms have problems with software development. Software engineering is still labor- intensive and prone to errors. Industrial firms are under pressure to shorten the lead-time required in introducing new software, increase the reliability of their software, and increase their market share. Software must be designed correctly from the beginning to end. With this end in mind, axiomatic design theory has been applied to software design. This paper presents how the combination of axiomatic design has been combined with the object-oriented programming method to create a large software system. Notes: special implementation URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007850607629047 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8725 Author: Mens, Tom, Schürr, Andy and Taentzer, Gabriele Year: 2002 Title: Barcelona, Spain, October 7-8, 2002: Graph-Based Tools (GraBaTs 2002) Journal: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science Volume: 72 Issue: 2 Pages: 11-13 Date: 11// Short Title: Barcelona, Spain, October 7-8, 2002: Graph-Based Tools (GraBaTs 2002) ISSN: 1571-0661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1571-0661(05)80523-7 Abstract: Graphs are well-known, well-understood, and frequently used means to depict networks of related items. They are successfully used as the underlying mathematical concept in various application domains. In all these domains tools are developed that store, retrieve, manipulate and display graphs as underlying data structures, despite of the fact that in most cases these graphs have a different name such as object diagrams, (meta) class diagrams, hyper documents, semantic webs etc. It is the purpose of this workshop to summarize the state of the art of graph-based tool development, bring together developers of graph-based tools in different application fields and to encourage new tool development cooperations. Motivation Graphs are an obvious means to describe structural aspects in various fields of computer science. They have been successfully used in application areas such as compiler compiler toolkits, constraint solving problems, generation of CASE tools, pattern recognition techniques, program analysis, software engineering, software evolution, software visualization and animation, and visual languages. In all these areas tools have been developed that use graphs as an important underlying data structure. Since graphs are a very general structure mechanism, it is a challenge to handle graphs in an effective way. Using graphs inside tools the following topics play an important role: efficient graph algorithms, empirical and experimental results on the scalability of graphs, reusable graph-manipulating software components, software architectures and frameworks for graph-based tools, standard data exchange formats for graphs, more general graph-based tool integration techniques, and meta CASE tools or generators for graph-based tools. The aim of the workshop on graph-based tools (GraBaTs) is to bring together developers of all kinds of graph-based tools in order to exchange their experiences, problems, and solutions concerning the efficient handling of graphs. The GraBaTs workshop is, therefore, of special relevance for the http://link.springer.de/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2505.htm 1st Intl. Conference on Graph Transformation (ICGT) which hosts GraBaTs as a satellite event: In many cases the application of graph transformation technology requires the existence of reliable, user-friendly and efficiently working graph transformation tools. These tools in turn have to be built on top of basic services or frameworks for graphs, which are the main topic of our workshop. Today, several graph transformation tool implementations have emerged which do not share any basic graph services (e.g. for graph pattern matching or graph layout purposes) and which implement rather different graph concepts and graph transformation approaches. Some of these tools - as a kind of survey of the state of the art - were presented in a special session, which is part of the main conference as well as of this satellite workshop. The presented tools are AGG, DiaGen, Fujaba, GenGED, and UPGRADE. The GraBaTs workshop was held for 1 12 days. Its schedule contained in addition to the afore-mentioned session on graph transformation tools, an invited talk by Tiziana Margaria (University of Dortmund, Germany) on ETI, an electronic tool integration platform where graph-based tools will play an important role. Apart from four sessions with presentations of 15 accepted papers (out of 19 submissions) on various graph-based tools and tool-relevant topics, a successful discussion ''Towards Standard Exchange Formats for Graph and Graph Transformation'' took place. Workshop Issues The workshop aims at bringing together tool developers from different fields, dealing with graphs from different perspectives. In the following, we give an overview on the most important perspectives. Meta-modeling by Graphs For a long time the syntax and static semantics of most visual modeling or programming languages was only defined by means of characteristic examples and informal descriptions. To improve this situation the visual language community invented grammar-based formalisms for the definition of the syntax of their languages, such as constraint grammars, graph grammars, relational grammars, etc. Unfortunately it turned out that the grammar-based definition of visual languages is rather complicated compared with the meta-modeling approach developed in parallel. The Meta-modeling approach for the definition of visual languages uses a combination of class diagrams (ER-diagrams, etc.) and predicate logic expressions (Z, OCL, etc.) to define the syntax and static semantics of visual languages. It became popular with the standardization of the OO-modeling language UML and is used by various meta-modeling (meta-CASE) tools which are able to generate domain-specific CASE tools. The so-called MOF approach (Meta-Object Facility) is one attempt to come up with a meta-modeling standard. Despite of its limited expressiveness (compared with ER diagrams or UML class diagrams) MOF builds the basis for the formal definition of UML and other visual languages. All meta-modeling approaches used nowadays have one common property: they offer graph-like diagrams for the definition of the structure (syntax) of graph-like diagram languages. Therefore, meta-modeling is in fact the formal definition of graph languages by means of graphs which are instances of “meta” graph languages. As a consequence, meta-CASE tools are a special class of graph-based tools, which need at least basic services for storing, visualizing, and analyzing graphs. Graph Visualization Facilities for visualizing graphs are needed by all kinds of graph-based tools, independent of the fact whether they are e.g. used for meta-modeling or rule-based programming purposes. Furthermore, graph visualization techniques are the most important means for visualizing various aspects of softwarearchitectures, the dynamic behavior of running systems, their evolution history, and so forth. Software components developed for these purposes usually have to deal with huge graphs and need services for making these graphs persistent, for introducing abstractions based on hierarchical graph models, for computing reasonable graph layouts (efficiently), and for displaying graphs effectively using “fish-eye-techniques” and the like. And last but not least, graph visualization techniques are often employed for teaching purposes in computer science courses on “data structures and (graph) algorithms”. To summarize, almost all kinds of graph-based tools urgently need efficiently and effectively working graph visualization services, whereas graph visualization tools may profit from research activities on graph query and graph transformation engines for the computation of graph abstractions or views. We, therefore, hope that this workshop encourages researchers to start new cooperations, such as adapting graph visualization tools to the needs of graph manipulation tools or exploiting graph manipulation and transformation techniques to compute sensible abstractions of huge graphs. Graph Queries and Graph Algorithms Most, if not all, graph-based tools use to a certain degree software components (libraries, subsystems, etc.) for executing graph queries and/or various kinds of standard graph algorithms. For example, graph transformation tools rely on rather sophisticated means for computing graph matches (rule occurrences) and graph-based reverse engineering tools need rather powerful query engines for determining critical substructures of software architectures. On the other hand, quite a number of database management systems have already been developed using graphs (networks of related objects) as the underlying data model and offering query languages based on graph path expressions or even graph transformations. Vice versa, graph transformation languages like PROGRES are not only used for specifying and visualizing graph algorithms, but incorporate many elements of database query languages such as means for the construction of indexes, the materialization and incremental update of views, etc. Therefore, we like to encourage tool developers again to start cooperating across the boundaries of research areas. Graph Transformation Graph transformation means the rule-based manipulation of graphs. Several graph transformation approaches have emerged which differ w.r.t. to the underlying kind of graphs as well as in the way how rules are applied to graphs, i.e. graph transformation takes place. The kind of graphs used by these tools include labeled, directed graphs, hypergraphs, and graph structures. Their rules, the basic means to manipulate graphs, differ w.r.t. to the formal definition of their semantics, the way how occurrences (matches) are searched for, and how matching rules are applied eventually. In tools, graph transformation is applied to visual languages, specification, code generation, verification, restructuring, evolution and programming of software systems, etc. Developers of graph transformation tools may profit from other workshop participants concerning more efficient realizations of basic functionality, while developers of other graph-based tools might find the graph transformation paradigm attractive to implement certain graph manipulations. The workshop may also provide insights to apply these tools to other application domains. Common Exchange Formats for Graphs and Graph Transformation To support interoperability between various graph-based tools, several initiatives on the development of common exchange formats for graphs have been founded. These formats are all based on the extensible markup language XML developed to interchange documents of arbitrary types. Preceding events like three subgroup meetings of the EU Working Group APPLIGRAPH, a Workshop on Standard Exchange Formats, and a satellite workshop of the 8th Intl. Symposium on Graph Drawing (GD 2000)discussed various ideas which are currently converging to one format being GXL. During the GraBaTs workshop a further discussion round on this topic was organized focusing especially on graph layout and graph attributes. Another topic of interest for this discussion is an exchange format for graph transformation systems called GTXL, which is under development and which will be built on top of GXL. Workshop Organizers The Program Committee of the workshop consists of: Luciano Baresi (Italy) Giuseppe Di Battista (Italy) Ulrik Brandes (Germany) Scott Marshall (The Netherlands) Tom Mens (Belgium) (Co-chair) Andy Schürr (Germany) (Co-chair) Gabriele Taentzer (Germany) (Co-chair) Andreas Winter (Germany) Albert Zündorf (Germany) We are very grateful to Hartmut Ehrig for his help with the organization of the Workshop as satellite event of the 1st Int. Conference on Graph Transformation (ICGT) and to Mike Mislove, one of the Managing Editors of the ENTCS series. Thanks are also due to Fernando Orejas and his local organizers at UPC in Barcelona who supplied preprints of this volume for all workshop participants. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571066105805237 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8542 Author: Hu, Wensong, Yang, Xingui and Zuo, Ke Year: 2011 Title: Based Aspect-oriented Petri Nets in Software Engineering Journal: Physics Procedia Volume: 22 Pages: 646-650 Date: // Short Title: Based Aspect-oriented Petri Nets in Software Engineering ISSN: 1875-3892 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2011.11.100 Keywords: Aspect-oriented object-oriented Petri net Abstract: Aspect Oriented (Aspect-Oriented, referred to as AO) as a new programming technology is increasingly cause for concern. This article describes a number of experts to study the current object-oriented Petri Nets (OO PN) adding aspect-oriented thinking, combined with software design and development cycle, given the aspect-oriented OO PN in software engineering methods and steps. Shows the method of using AO PN government office system software design and development of application examples, and gives some object class, the log section and the application form. As the plane of isolation, reducing the coupling, the use of AO PN ways in different applications will use a combination of each section, allowing code reusability enhancement. OOPN itself can process the software system design and development of effective control to ensure that the software system reliability and standardization. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875389211007541 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8551 Author: Laureano-Cruces, Ana Lilia and Espinosa-Paredes, Gilberto Year: 2005 Title: Behavioral design to model a reactive decision of an expert in geothermal wells Journal: International Journal of Approximate Reasoning Volume: 39 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-28 Date: 4// Short Title: Behavioral design to model a reactive decision of an expert in geothermal wells ISSN: 0888-613X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2004.08.002 Keywords: Cognitive models Behavioral analysis Reactive agents Artificial Intelligence Subjective domain Autonomous action Multi-agent architecture Inverse problem Geothermal wells Temperature formation Abstract: Software design based on agents represents a new perspective for computer science and more specifically, for Artificial Intelligence. It is a new theory that has innovated the analysis, design and implementation of system software. The design of agents poses problems related with: (1) autonomous decision-making process, (2) co-ordination, (3) negotiation, and (4) handling of mental states and communication. In a reactive multi-agent system, the group of agents is subject continually to local changes. These changes are designed by means of behavior rules whose results are influenced by the behavior of the rest of the agents. The design of these rules is inspired by the biological or cognitive sciences. Particularly, the design of cognitive rules corresponds with the principle of rationality; its perspective is focused on the interaction among the agents. One of the objectives of artificial intelligence refers to the development of systems that ease or increase the level of comfort in the daily life of humans. Such is the case for tasks with permanent focus on the input data in convergent methods or systems that help in the decision-making process involved in costly processes. In this paper we propose a design’s of the expert’s decision-making process trough the use of a cognitive model, and fuzzy sets to model the agents’ reactive deliberative process. Software system helps human expert in the estimation of the static formation temperatures. Furthermore, we will present an example based on a behavior developed from an expert in the field of geothermal sciences. The formulation of the human expert knowledge includes uncertainty, which is expressed in terms of fuzzy rules. An attempt to estimate formation temperatures from logged temperatures was solved whit this methodology based on reactive decision model. Thus, mathematically speaking an inverse problem is solved in this way. This paper describes and discusses the first experiences that form part of an incremental project whose final objective is to develop an expert system that allows the prediction of the degree of success of the drilling of geothermal wells. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888613X04000817 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8450 Author: Martínez-Fernández, Silverio, Ayala, Claudia P., Franch, Xavier and Marques, Helena Martins Year: 2017 Title: Benefits and drawbacks of software reference architectures: A case study Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 88 Pages: 37-52 Date: 8// Short Title: Benefits and drawbacks of software reference architectures: A case study ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2017.03.011 Keywords: Software architecture Reference architecture Empirical software engineering Case study Benefits Drawbacks Abstract: AbstractContext Software Reference Architectures (SRAs) play a fundamental role for organizations whose business greatly depends on the efficient development and maintenance of complex software applications. However, little is known about the real value and risks associated with SRAs in industrial practice. Objective To investigate the current industrial practice of SRAs in a single company from the perspective of different stakeholders. Method An exploratory case study that investigates the benefits and drawbacks perceived by relevant stakeholders in nine SRAs designed by a multinational software consulting company. Results The study shows the perceptions of different stakeholders regarding the benefits and drawbacks of SRAs (e.g., both SRA designers and users agree that they benefit from reduced development costs; on the contrary, only application builders strongly highlighted the extra learning curve as a drawback associated with mastering SRAs). Furthermore, some of the SRA benefits and drawbacks commonly highlighted in the literature were remarkably not mentioned as a benefit of SRAs (e.g., the use of best practices). Likewise, other aspects arose that are not usually discussed in the literature, such as higher time-to-market for applications when their dependencies on the SRA are managed inappropriately. Conclusions This study aims to help practitioners and researchers to better understand real SRAs projects and the contexts where these benefits and drawbacks appeared, as well as some SRA improvement strategies. This would contribute to strengthening the evidence regarding SRAs and support practitioners in making better informed decisions about the expected SRA benefits and drawbacks. Furthermore, we make available the instruments used in this study and the anonymized data gathered to motivate others to provide similar evidence to help mature SRA research and practice. Notes: specific implementation examined, not the role of architects/designers URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584916304438 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8336 Author: Arias, Ernesto G., Eden, Hal, Fischer, Gerhard, Gorman, Andrew and Scharff, Eric Year: 1999 Title: Beyond access: informed participation and empowerment Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Computer support for collaborative learning Conference Location: Palo Alto, California Publisher: International Society of the Learning Sciences Pages: 2 Place Published: 1150242 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8508 Author: Ijadi Bajestani, M., Mousavi, S. M. and Shojaosadati, S. A. Year: 2014 Title: Bioleaching of heavy metals from spent household batteries using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans: Statistical evaluation and optimization Journal: Separation and Purification Technology Volume: 132 Pages: 309-316 Date: 8/20/ Short Title: Bioleaching of heavy metals from spent household batteries using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans: Statistical evaluation and optimization ISSN: 1383-5866 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2014.05.023 Keywords: Bioleaching Heavy metals Spent household batteries Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Box–Behnken design Optimization Abstract: In this study, spent batteries were selected from municipal waste for bioleaching and extraction of their heavy metals. The bioleaching of nickel, cadmium, and cobalt from Ni–Cd and NiMH batteries was done using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, a resistant strain used for bioleaching. The adaptation process was successful and the solid-to-liquid ratio reached 10 g/L (battery powder weight/volume of medium). A Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effects of initial pH, powder size, and initial Fe3+ concentration on the percentage of metals recovered. The proposed statistical method was used to accurately evaluate the interactions of the factors and their effects on the recovery efficiency of nickel, cadmium and cobalt during bioleaching. Under the specified conditions, up to 99% recovery was observed for each metal, confirming that A. ferrooxidans is an effective toxin resistant microorganism for bio-recovery of heavy metals. Decreasing the initial pH and particle size and increasing the initial Fe3+ concentration led to maximum recovery for nickel and cobalt; while the optimum condition for cadmium was different for Ni and Co. To maximize simultaneous extraction of three metals, the optimum value for initial pH, particle size and initial Fe3+ concentration were obtained 1, 62 μm and 9.7 g/L, respectively. Under these conditions, the recoveries predicted by the software (Design Expert version 7.1.4) were 85.6% for Ni, 66.1% for Cd, and 90.6% for Co. These results were confirmed using a verification experiment at optimum condition, which calculated 87%, 67%, and 93.7% for Ni, Cd and Co, respectively. Due to the distinct chemical characteristics of Cd in contrast with Ni and Co, its recovery in the optimal condition for simultaneous recovery was decreased; in the other words; Cd recovery was higher when it was the sole target for extraction. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383586614003098 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9054 Author: Linkens, D. A., Abbod, M. F. and Browne, A. Year of Conference: 1999 Title: Blackboard architecture for intelligent control system Conference Name: Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, 1999. Proceedings. ETFA '99. 1999 7th IEEE International Conference on Volume: 2 Pages: 1185-1192 vol.2 Date: 1999 Short Title: Blackboard architecture for intelligent control system DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.1999.813123 Keywords: blackboard architecture cryogenics expert systems fuzzy neural nets genetic algorithms intelligent control software architecture temperature control cooling cryogenic plant fuzzy neural networks intelligent control systems Algorithm design and analysis Computer architecture Fuzzy logic Intelligent networks Neural networks System testing Abstract: A blackboard for integrated intelligent control systems (BIICS) software architecture has been developed. The system is designed to simultaneously support multiple heterogeneous intelligent paradigms, such as neural networks, expert systems, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms. It is shown how such paradigms are assimilated into the software architecture. This paper describes the BIICS system as it utilises intelligent control techniques (neuro-fuzzy and genetic optimisation) for controlling a cryogenic plant used for superconductor testing by cooling the test samples to temperatures below 100 K Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8693 Author: Balzert, Helmut Year: 1987 Title: A BLACKBOARD ARCHITECTURE FOR THE REALIZATION OF SOFTWARE-ERGONOMIC DEMANDS A2 - BULLINGER, H.-J Editor: Shackel, B. Book Title: Human–Computer Interaction–INTERACT '87 Place Published: Amsterdam Publisher: North-Holland Pages: 1041-1046 Short Title: A BLACKBOARD ARCHITECTURE FOR THE REALIZATION OF SOFTWARE-ERGONOMIC DEMANDS A2 - BULLINGER, H.-J ISBN: 978-0-444-70304-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-70304-0.50163-1 Abstract: A flexible software architecture is necessary in order to allow the adaption of the human-computer-interface as well as the application systems to the wishes and abilities of the individual user. The blackboard concept used for the realization of expert systems was modified and extended for the human-computer-interface and the application systems. There is a separate blackboard for the I/0 layer, for the dialog layer, for the application systems and for the information & consulting system. The blackboards communicate with each other by tasks. Each blackboard consists of one control part and one domain part. The following knowledge bases have been grouped to the domain part: knowledge about each domain area, user model, user intentions, established conventions, system intentions and self-model. One knowledge source contains local control knowledge, the other contains global control knowledge. The latter controls the strategy to activate one of the existing tasks. The architecture was evaluated in two exemplary implementations. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444703040501631 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8694 Author: Seviora, R. E. and Dasiewicz, P. Year: 1986 Title: A blackboard-based robot position estimator Journal: Microprocessing and Microprogramming Volume: 18 Issue: 1–5 Pages: 89-95 Date: 12// Short Title: A blackboard-based robot position estimator ISSN: 0165-6074 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-6074(86)90031-1 Abstract: This papers presents a software architecture for robot position estimator. The architecture is targeted at applications characterized by multiple, low resolution and erroneous sensory inputs and variability in possible sensor configurations. This may be the case, e.g., with a house robot equipped, for cost reasons, with several inexpensive sensors. The architecture is based on two blackboards. Specialist knowledge sources, which embody signal interpretation and other expertise, cooperatively construct position estimation hypotheses on the domain blackboard. Scheduling knowledge sources opportunistically control the estimating activity based on the data recorded on the control blackboard. In their operation, knowledge sources refer to a database containing customized descriptions of the premises in which the robot works. A prototype position estimator has been implemented on a testbed consisting of a mobile robot with several low cost sensors (Health Hero-1) and a high performance personal computer (IBM PC XT). The prototype position estimator software was written in GCLISP, a subset of Common Lisp. Initial position estimation results are presented and discussed. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0165607486900311 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9015 Author: Li, C., Huang, L., Chen, L. and Yu, C. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Breeze/ADL: Graph Grammar Support for an XML-Based Software Architecture Description Language Conference Name: 2013 IEEE 37th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference Pages: 800-805 Date: 22-26 July 2013 Short Title: Breeze/ADL: Graph Grammar Support for an XML-Based Software Architecture Description Language DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2013.131 Keywords: XML formal specification graph grammars software architecture Breeze graph grammar Breeze-ADL language XML-based software architecture architecture description languages client-server application dynamic evolution extensible markup language graph representations software architecture definition structural model style constraints textual representations Computer architecture Connectors Grammar Ports (Computers) Production Servers Breeze/ADL architecture description language Abstract: Architecture description languages (ADLs) play an important role in specifying the software architectures. While most of these ADLs are unable to deal with the change directly, especially for dynamic evolution of software systems. This paper proposes an XML-based ADL, named Breeze/ADL, which is supported by Breeze Graph Grammar (BGG) - a graph grammar we defined, to describe software architecture and capture the change in the architecture definition. Our approach is explained in two directions. First, we give the basic definitions of Breeze/ADL, and then show how to map the BGG to Breeze/ADL to specify the structural model, style constraints and dynamic evolution. The other direction is that we use a Client/Server application as a running example to demonstrate our approach throughout this paper. In this approach, the software architecture description has both a textual and a graph representations, and the unplanned change can be captured and defined. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8199 Author: S, Simo, #228, de and Battarbee, Katja Year: 2000 Title: Bridge for buttons - a GUI design methodology applied in non-GUI consumer product design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques Conference Location: New York City, New York, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 208-215 DOI: 10.1145/347642.347719 Place Published: 347719 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8215 Author: Perovich, Daniel, Bastarrica, Maria Cecilia and Rojas, Cristian Year: 2009 Title: Brief author index Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Sharing and Reusing Architectural Knowledge Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 1-3 DOI: 10.1109/shark.2009.5069100 Place Published: 1556962 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9209 Author: Chowdhury, M. I. and Katchabaw, M. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Bringing auto dynamic difficulty to commercial games: A reusable design pattern based approach Conference Name: Computer Games: AI, Animation, Mobile, Interactive Multimedia, Educational & Serious Games (CGAMES), 2013 18th International Conference on Pages: 103-110 Date: July 30 2013-Aug. 1 2013 Short Title: Bringing auto dynamic difficulty to commercial games: A reusable design pattern based approach DOI: 10.1109/CGames.2013.6632615 Keywords: computer games object-oriented programming software quality software reusability ADD framework ADD system auto dynamic difficulty commercial games commercial sandbox game Minecraft game-by-game basis optimized development practices player expertise reusable design pattern software design patterns source code video game difficulty level Computers Data structures Detectors Games Measurement Production facilities Software design case study game balancing subjective difficulty video game Abstract: Auto dynamic difficulty (ADD) is the technique of automatically changing the level of difficulty of a video game in real time to match player expertise. Recreating an ADD system on a game-by-game basis is both expensive and time consuming; ultimately limiting its usefulness. Thus, we leverage the benefits of software design patterns to construct an ADD framework. In this paper, we demonstrate that the usage of these design patterns and this framework results in a reusable approach, both in terms of source code and process, based on our experiences with the commercial sandbox game Minecraft. We also discuss the benefits of adopting such an approach in terms of improved software quality and optimized development practices. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8943 Author: Doshi, B. and Harshavardhana, P. Year: 1998 Title: Broadband network infrastructure of the future: roles of network design tools in technology deployment strategies Journal: IEEE Communications Magazine Volume: 36 Issue: 5 Pages: 60-71 Short Title: Broadband network infrastructure of the future: roles of network design tools in technology deployment strategies ISSN: 0163-6804 DOI: 10.1109/35.667959 Keywords: SONET asynchronous transfer mode broadband networks network topology synchronous digital hierarchy telecommunication computing telecommunication network routing telecommunication traffic ATM INDT SDH algorithmic architecture broadband network infrastructure decision making deployment support tools heterogeneous networks integrated network design tools network design tools network topologies plesiosynchronous digital hierarchy routing software architecture technology deployment strategies traffic types transport infrastructure evolution Broadband communication Capacity planning Costs Design optimization Intelligent networks Software algorithms Technology planning Abstract: The rapid pace of technology introduction in the network infrastructure and services offered on this infrastructure are creating new challenges for telecommunication product and network planners. In particular, a multitude of choices, the unpredictability of future technologies and traffic, the need to operate heterogeneous networks, and the speed of change create a need for a set of tools which allow quantitative evaluation of alternatives quickly in early phases of decision making while allowing the same tools to migrate to more elaborate deployment help during the later stages. We have begun an effort to create such a set of tools under the umbrella of integrated network design tools (INDT). In this article, we describe key challenges and approaches used in INDT to meet these challenges. We also discuss the algorithmic and software architecture of INDT, and illustrate its use via examples from transport infrastructure evolution. Finally, we describe the migration path of INDT to move from early decision help to later deployment support tools. Specific topics discussed include: plesiosynchronous digital hierarchy, SONET/SDH systems, ATM, network topologies, traffic types and routing Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9276 Author: Moore, R. S., Firner, B., Xu, C., Howard, R., Zhang, Y. and Martin, R. P. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Building a Practical Sensing System Conference Name: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Green Computing and Communications and IEEE Internet of Things and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing Pages: 693-698 Date: 20-23 Aug. 2013 Short Title: Building a Practical Sensing System DOI: 10.1109/GreenCom-iThings-CPSCom.2013.126 Keywords: Internet computerised instrumentation sensor placement software architecture Internet of Things IoT model system multiple protocols sensing system sensor deployment characteristics sensor hardware Communities Complexity theory Computational modeling Data models Middleware Temperature sensors Abstract: Developing Internet of Things (IoT) applications can be a complex task for many developers, requiring knowledge of sensor hardware, deployment characteristics, network limitations, and multiple protocols. Because of this, IoT development has been largely centered around research scientists and domain experts, with only a limited number of simple applications coming from the broader community. We present a software architecture that seeks to simplify and accelerate the development of IoT applications, making them accessible to a larger community of developers. To keep the system simple yet flexible, it focuses on a limited number of abstractions, relying on the developers and administrators to enforce additional constraints where necessary. We present a model system and a prototype implementation, along with experiences developing applications. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8238 Author: Rui, Yong, He, Liwei, Gupta, Anoop and Liu, Qiong Year: 2001 Title: Building an intelligent camera management system Conference Name: Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Multimedia Conference Location: Ottawa, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 2-11 DOI: 10.1145/500141.500145 Place Published: 500145 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8641 Author: Adam, M., Corbeels, M., Leffelaar, P. A., Van Keulen, H., Wery, J. and Ewert, F. Year: 2012 Title: Building crop models within different crop modelling frameworks Journal: Agricultural Systems Volume: 113 Pages: 57-63 Date: 11// Short Title: Building crop models within different crop modelling frameworks ISSN: 0308-521X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2012.07.010 Keywords: Model structure Uncertainty Software design patterns Good modelling practices Crop growth and development Abstract: Modular frameworks for crop modelling have evolved through simultaneous progress in crop science and software development but differences among these frameworks exist which are not well understood, resulting in potential misuse for crop modelling. In this paper we review differences and similarities among different developed frameworks and identify some implications for crop modelling. We consider three modelling frameworks currently used for crop modelling: CROSPAL (CROp Simulator: Picking and Assembling Libraries), APES (Agricultural Production and Externalities Simulator) and APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator). The frameworks are implemented differently and they provide more or less flexibility and guidance, to facilitate assembly of crop model from model components. We underline the importance of systematic approaches to facilitate the selection of appropriate model structure and derive suggestions to facilitate it. We particularly stress the need for better documentation of the underlying assumptions of the modules on simulated processes and on the criteria applied in the selection of these modules for a particular simulation objective. Such documentation should help to point out the sources of uncertainties associated with the development of crop models and to reinforce the role of the crop modeller as an intermediary between the software engineer, coding the modules, and the end users, agronomists or crop physiologists using the model for a specific objective. Finally, the key contributions of modelling frameworks in the crop modelling domain are discussed and we draw conclusions for the prospects of such frameworks in the crop modelling field which should continue to reside on the principles of systems analysis but combined with up-to-date advances in software engineering techniques. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X12001229 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9071 Author: Bottaccioli, L., Aliberti, A., Ugliotti, F., Patti, E., Osello, A., Macii, E. and Acquaviva, A. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Building Energy Modelling and Monitoring by Integration of IoT Devices and Building Information Models Conference Name: 2017 IEEE 41st Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC) Volume: 1 Pages: 914-922 Date: 4-8 July 2017 Short Title: Building Energy Modelling and Monitoring by Integration of IoT Devices and Building Information Models ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2017.75 Keywords: Internet of Things building management systems software architecture IoT devices building energy modelling building information models energy consumption information information and communication technologies Buildings Data models Energy consumption Meteorology Monitoring Software Wireless sensor networks BIM Building Information Model Smart Building Thermal Energy Modelling and Simulation Abstract: In recent years, the research about energy waste and CO2 emission reduction has gained a strong momentum, also pushed by European and national funding initiatives. The main purpose of this large effort is to reduce the effects of greenhouse emission, climate change to head for a sustainable society. In this scenario, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) play a key role. From one side, advances in physical and environmental information sensing, communication and processing, enabled the monitoring of energy behaviour of buildings in real-time. The access to this information has been made easy and ubiquitous thank to Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and protocols. From the other side, the creation of digital repositories of buildings and districts (i.e. Building Information Models - BIM) enabled the development of complex and rich energy models that can be used for simulation and prediction purposes. As such, an opportunity is emerging of mixing these two information categories to either create better models and to detect unwanted or inefficient energy behaviours. In this paper, we present a software architecture for management and simulation of energy behaviours in buildings that integrates heterogeneous data such as BIM, IoT, GIS (Geographical Information System) and meteorological services. This integration allows: i) (near-) real-time visualisation of energy consumption information in the building context and ii) building performance evaluation through energy modelling and simulation exploiting data from the field and real weather conditions. Finally, we discuss the experimental results obtained in a real-world case-study. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8927 Author: Acevedo, Y. V. Nieto, Quintero, J. F. Lopez, Marin, C. E. Montenegro and Clavijo, C. C. Gonzalez Year: 2016 Title: Business Rules Model for the Automation in the Receipt of Credit Applications by Financial Institutions based on ArchiMate Journal: IEEE Latin America Transactions Volume: 14 Issue: 6 Pages: 2801-2806 Short Title: Business Rules Model for the Automation in the Receipt of Credit Applications by Financial Institutions based on ArchiMate ISSN: 1548-0992 DOI: 10.1109/TLA.2016.7555258 Keywords: business data processing credit transactions decision making financial management payroll data processing software architecture ArchiMate business architecture model ArchiMate modeling business abstraction business logic business rules automation model business rules model credit applications decision making process financial consumers financial institutions information systems information technology management maintainability market demand modeling tool Coloso payroll loan products placement recurring architectural models scalability software system Automation Business Computer architecture Software systems Surges ArchiMate Business Rules Engine Business Rules Management Systems (BRMS) Business Rules Model (BRM) Coloso Abstract: Through different viewpoints exposed by an ArchiMate Business Architecture Model, a high level of business abstraction is achieved in the development phase of a software system. This allows to carry out the automation of business rules for payroll loan products placement within the receipt of credit applications. Currently the flexibility of information systems plays a key role as a strategy in the decision-making process in financial institutions. This is because they require a timely response to the changing market demand for products and services for financial consumers. Given the above, information technology management in organizations faces the ongoing challenge of developing software solutions that meet the needs of internal and external customers. This is done by using recurring architectural models that provide safety, maintainability and scalability. In order to make this possible, a business rules automation model that dissociates the business logic from the business rules facilitates, subsequently, a possible change in the proposed rules. In this paper, the architecture of the software system is based on five viewpoints offered by the ArchiMate modeling, which was carried out with the modeling tool Coloso. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8867 Author: Ven, J. S. v. d. and Bosch, J. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Busting Software Architecture Beliefs: A Survey on Success Factors in Architecture Decision Making Conference Name: 2016 42th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA) Pages: 42-49 Date: Aug. 31 2016-Sept. 2 2016 Short Title: Busting Software Architecture Beliefs: A Survey on Success Factors in Architecture Decision Making ISBN: 2376-9505 DOI: 10.1109/SEAA.2016.35 Keywords: decision making software architecture software development management statistical analysis architectural decisions architecture decision making architecture documentation project failure project success software architecture beliefs software development Companies Computer architecture Documentation Software Architectural Design Decisions Software Processes Survey Abstract: As software development changes, also the myths and beliefs around it come and go. In different communities, different beliefs are kept, usually strengthened by success or failure stories. In this research, we study the beliefs surrounding software architecture. The beliefs range from the amount of effort needed for architecture documentation, to the size of the team or the persons responsible for making the architectural decisions. Most beliefs are based on the idea that the outcome of the project is highly dependent on the methods used during the design and development of software. We conducted a survey with 39 architects where we evaluated 54 architectural decisions. In this survey, we assessed the way in which decisions were made, the success factors of the decisions, as well as the properties of the projects. We conduct statistical analysis in order to evaluate some of the beliefs that currently exist in software development. We conclude that for most of the beliefs, no statistical evidence can be found, making these beliefs folklore for the tales, instead of useful guidelines for predicting projects success or failure. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://1752083816/Busting Software Architecture Beliefs A Survey.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9612 Author: Wainwright, C. E. R., Harrison, D. K. and Leonard, R. Year: 1992 Title: CAD/CAM and DNC links as a strategy for manufacture: implications for CAPM Journal: Computing & Control Engineering Journal Volume: 3 Issue: 2 Pages: 82-87 Short Title: CAD/CAM and DNC links as a strategy for manufacture: implications for CAPM ISSN: 0956-3385 DOI: 10.1049/cce:19920025 Keywords: CAD/CAM computerised numerical control direct digital control electronic data interchange local area networks production control DNC links LAN computer-aided design computer-aided manufacture computer-aided production management direct numerical control system future CAPM software design international competition local area network manufacturing systems marketing needs strategic advantages CADCAM Digital control Numerical control Abstract: Owing to international competition, an increased emphasis placed on the role of manufacturing, as companies will only remain competitive if their manufacturing systems are developed to satisfy business and marketing needs. The authors consider the role of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacture (CAM) within a direct numerical control system, which has been successfully installed via a local area network as a strategy for manufacture. The transfer of data between CAD/CAM and computer-aided production management (CAPM) systems and the necessary enhancement of CAPM to provide strategic advantages are examined, and the implications for future CAPM software design considered.<> Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8633 Author: de La Passardiere, Brigitte Year: 1989 Title: CAL and tools for the instructor-user (the features of SPELEO) Journal: Computers & Education Volume: 13 Issue: 3 Pages: 313-318 Date: // Short Title: CAL and tools for the instructor-user (the features of SPELEO) ISSN: 0360-1315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1315(89)90029-8 Abstract: In the first part of the article we define the specific role of the instructor-user and attempt to determine if there are tools that can be put at his disposition in order that he may alter and adapt existing CAL software for his particular teaching needs. In the second part, we present the features of the SPELEO author-system that enable the modification of courseware content. As an example, we examine educational software designed to introduce students to micro-computers, where the teaching content of the software is dependent on the hardware used. Updating features have been used to create different versions of this courseware, corresponding to the micro-computer in use. When less common machines are in use and there is no specifically-adapted courseware available, the modifications can be easily effected by the instructoruser. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0360131589900298 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8305 Author: Mangano, Nicolas, Baker, Alex, Andr, #233 and Hoek, van der Year: 2008 Title: Calico: a prototype sketching tool for modeling in early design Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2008 international workshop on Models in software engineering Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 63-68 DOI: 10.1145/1370731.1370747 Place Published: 1370747 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8748 Author: Wei, Edwin J. Y. and Chan, Alvin T. S. Year: 2013 Title: CAMPUS: A middleware for automated context-aware adaptation decision making at run time Journal: Pervasive and Mobile Computing Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Pages: 35-56 Date: 2// Short Title: CAMPUS: A middleware for automated context-aware adaptation decision making at run time ISSN: 1574-1192 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2011.10.002 Keywords: Context-awareness Decision support Middleware Ontology design Software architecture Support for adaptation Abstract: At present, in most context-aware systems, decisions on when and how to adapt an application are made a priori by developers during the compile time. While such approaches empower developers with sufficient flexibility to specify what they want in terms of adaptation rules, they inevitably place an immense load on developers, especially in an extremely dynamic environment, to anticipate and formulate all potential run-time situations during development time. These challenges motivated us to explore an approach to automating context-aware adaptation decisions by a middleware layer at run time. The resulting middleware, CAMPUS, exploits technologies from semantic computing to dynamically derive adaptation decisions according to run-time contextual information. The CAMPUS implementation has been evaluated with a number of case applications to validate the operation of the system in a realistic environment and to provide us with an opportunity to obtain experimental results for further analysis. The results are significant in that they show that CAMPUS can effectively free developers from the need to predict, formulate, and maintain adaptation rules, thereby greatly reducing the efforts required to develop context-aware applications. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574119211001283 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9242 Author: Oyama, K., Takeuchi, A. and Fujimoto, H. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: CAPIS Model Based Software Design Method for Sharing Experts' Thought Processes Conference Name: 30th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC'06) Volume: 1 Pages: 307-316 Date: 17-21 Sept. 2006 Short Title: CAPIS Model Based Software Design Method for Sharing Experts' Thought Processes ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2006.34 Keywords: causality expert systems software engineering UML class diagram causality of problem-issue-solution software design Buildings Computer integrated manufacturing Computer science Design engineering Large-scale systems Ontologies Real time systems Reliability engineering Unified modeling language Abstract: In large-scale, real-time systems, the software design process is still highly dependent on the skills of the developers. To enable the efficient, speedy design of reliable software products, we require a means of conveying design decisions from experts to other engineers. Our approach involves the development of the "causality of problem-issue-solution" (CAPIS) model which can be used to represent experts' thought processes. The CAPIS model divides a thought process that includes complexity and diversity into problems, issues, and solutions (PIS), and then describes conceptual models based on the knowledge hierarchy of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. The PIS ontology is used to describe items in the conceptual models. This paper describes a software design method that is based on this CAPIS model. As an example, we consider the thought processes involved in building reliability into a UML class diagram Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9384 Author: Muccini, H. and Sharaf, M. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: CAPS: Architecture Description of Situational Aware Cyber Physical Systems Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 211-220 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: CAPS: Architecture Description of Situational Aware Cyber Physical Systems DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.21 Keywords: cognition cyber-physical systems decision making software architecture CAPS modeling languages architecture description architecture-driven modeling framework compute & communication paradigm continuous monitoring crowd management cyber-physical space dimension domain-specific hardware components environmental conditions fleet management hardware configuration infrastructure monitoring situational aware CPS situational aware cyber physical systems situational awareness smart city applications Computer architecture Hardware Monitoring Ports (Computers) Software Stakeholders Cyber-Physical Spaces MDE Abstract: This paper proposes CAPS, an architecture-driven modeling framework for the development of Situational Aware Cyber-Physical Systems. Situational Awareness involves being aware of what ishappening in the surroundings, and using this information to decide and act. It has been recognized as a critical, yet often elusive, foundation for successful decision-making in complex systems. With the advent of cyber-physical systems (CPS), situational awareness is playing an increasingly important role especially in crowd and fleets management, infrastructure monitoring, and smart city applications. While specializing cyber physical systems, Situational Aware CPS requires the continuous monitoring of environmental conditions and events with respect to time and space. New architectural concerns arise, especially related to the sense, compute & communication paradigm, the use of domain-specific hardware components, and the cyber-physical space dimension. This work illustrates the CAPS modeling languages used to describe the software architecture, hardware configuration, and physical space views for a situational aware CPS. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7777 Author: Miesbauer, C. and Weinreich, R. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Capturing and Maintaining Architectural Knowledge Using Context Information Conference Name: 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 206-210 Date: 20-24 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Capturing and Maintaining Architectural Knowledge Using Context Information DOI: 10.1109/WICSA-ECSA.212.30 Keywords: software architecture AK capturing architectural knowledge context information context-relevant maintaining architectural knowledge software design software development Computer architecture Conferences Context Context modeling Knowledge management Software Architecture Knowledge Context Design Decisions Software Architecture Knowledge Management Abstract: Approaches for sharing and reusing architectural knowledge (AK) have found some application in practice. Capturing AK during software design and development, however, is still a problem. Main reasons are the effort involved in capturing, as well as lack of time and budget, and lack of short-term benefits for the involved stakeholders. We propose using context information about currently modified artifacts, like time, existing relations, and user information, for automatically identifying and presenting relevant AK. The main aim is to simplify the use of AK during development by presenting a continuously updated context-relevant view on AK for currently viewed artifacts. This facilitates capturing and maintaining of relations among knowledge entities, updating existing entities, and finding relevant entities during architecture analysis and reviews. In this paper we present the main concepts of our approach, report on first experiences, and discuss future work. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7894 Author: Tofan, Dan and Galster, Matthias Year: 2014 Title: Capturing and Making Architectural Decisions: an Open Source Online Tool Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2014 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Vienna, Austria Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2642803.2642836 Place Published: 2642836 Abstract: Architectural decisions (such as selecting patterns, technologies, or decomposing systems) and their rationale are a significant aspect of architectural knowledge. In this paper, we present a tool that helps architects capture tacit knowledge about architectural decisions. Furthermore, the tool helps architects and other stakeholders analyze decisions. Finally, the tool supports group decision making. The tool is based on theoretical and conceptual foundations created and evaluated in previous work. We developed the tool as a research tool in an academic environment, and we used the tool with industrial practitioners. The tool is web-based and available as an open source project. In this paper we highlight the underlying research contributions of the tool and show how research approaches and findings have been transferred into a working tool. Notes: just a tool Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8069 Author: Monroe, Robert T. Year: 1996 Title: Capturing design expertise in software architecture design environments Conference Name: Joint proceedings of the second international software architecture workshop (ISAW-2) and international workshop on multiple perspectives in software development (Viewpoints '96) on SIGSOFT '96 workshops Conference Location: San Francisco, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 87-89 DOI: 10.1145/243327.243616 Place Published: 243616 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8742 Author: Fernandes, Leandro C., Souza, Jefferson R., Pessin, Gustavo, Shinzato, Patrick Y., Sales, Daniel, Mendes, Caio, Prado, Marcos, Klaser, Rafael, Magalhães, André Chaves, Hata, Alberto, Pigatto, Daniel, Castelo Branco, Kalinka, Grassi Jr, Valdir, Osorio, Fernando S. and Wolf, Denis F. Year: 2014 Title: CaRINA Intelligent Robotic Car: Architectural design and applications Journal: Journal of Systems Architecture Volume: 60 Issue: 4 Pages: 372-392 Date: 4// Short Title: CaRINA Intelligent Robotic Car: Architectural design and applications ISSN: 1383-7621 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2013.12.003 Keywords: Autonomous vehicle architecture Embedded system design Robotic vehicle navigation Computer vision Machine learning Intelligent systems Abstract: This paper presents the development of two outdoor intelligent vehicles platforms named CaRINA I and CaRINA II, their system architecture, simulation tools, and control modules. It also describes the development of the intelligent control system modules allowing the mobile robots and vehicles to navigate autonomously in controlled urban environments. Research work has been carried out on tele-operation, driver assistance systems, and autonomous navigation using the vehicles as platforms to experiments and validation. Our robotic platforms include mechanical adaptations and the development of an embedded software architecture. This paper addresses the design, sensing, decision making, and acting infrastructure and several experimental tests that have been carried out to evaluate both platforms and proposed algorithms. The main contributions of this work is the proposed architecture, that is modular and flexible, allowing it to be instantiated into different robotic platforms and applications. The communication and security aspects are also investigated. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383762113002841 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9343 Author: Balland, E., Consel, C., Kaoua, B. N' and Sauzéon, H. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: A case for human-driven software development Conference Name: 2013 35th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) Pages: 1229-1232 Date: 18-26 May 2013 Short Title: A case for human-driven software development ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.2013.6606685 Keywords: human computer interaction simulation languages software engineering user interfaces HCI techniques UI design language human-computer interaction human-driven software development methodology software design tool suite user interface user modeling language Abstracts Computational modeling Context Electronic mail Programming Software Abstract: Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) plays a critical role in software systems, especially when targeting vulnerable individuals (e.g., assistive technologies). However, there exists a gap between well-tooled software development methodologies and HCI techniques, which are generally isolated from the development toolchain and require specific expertise. In this paper, we propose a human-driven software development methodology making User Interface (UI) a full-fledged dimension of software design. To make this methodology useful in practice, a UI design language and a user modeling language are integrated into a tool suite that guides the stakeholders during the development process, while ensuring the conformance between the UI design and its implementation. Notes: about tools Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8204 Author: Balland, Emilie, Consel, Charles, N, Bernard, #039, Kaoua, #233, #232, Sauz, ne, #233 and on Year: 2013 Title: A case for human-driven software development Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Software Engineering Conference Location: San Francisco, CA, USA Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 1229-1232 Place Published: 2486970 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7898 Author: Gamal, Mustafa M., Ramadan, Tarek and Adawy, Hadeel El Year: 2016 Title: Case Study Applying Agile Service-Oriented Modeling and Architecture Approach for Better Business-Services Alignment Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd Africa and Middle East Conference on Software Engineering Conference Location: Cairo, Egypt Publisher: ACM Pages: 66-71 DOI: 10.1145/2944165.2944176 Place Published: 2944176 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8303 Author: Spiegel, Michael, Paul F. Reynolds, Jr. and Brogan, David C. Year: 2005 Title: A case study of model context for simulation composability and reusability Conference Name: Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation Conference Location: Orlando, Florida Publisher: Winter Simulation Conference Pages: 437-444 Place Published: 1162784 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9426 Author: Spiegel, M., Reynolds, P. F. and Brogan, D. C. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: A case study of model context for simulation composability and reusability Conference Name: Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference, 2005. Pages: 8 pp. Date: 4-7 Dec. 2005 Short Title: A case study of model context for simulation composability and reusability ISBN: 0891-7736 DOI: 10.1109/WSC.2005.1574279 Keywords: digital simulation software reusability model context model reusability simulation composability software design validation constraint Best practices Computational modeling Computer aided software engineering Computer science Context modeling Gain measurement Gravity Humans Research initiatives Abstract: How much effort will be required to compose or reuse simulations? What factors need to be considered? It is generally known that composability and reusability are daunting challenges for both simulations and more broadly software design as a whole. We have conducted a small case study in order to clarify the role that model context plays in simulation composability and reusability. For a simple problem: compute the position and velocity of a falling body, we found that a reasonable formulation of a solution included a surprising number of implicit constraints. Equally surprising, in a challenge posed to a small group of capable individuals, no one of them was able to identify more than three-quarters of the ultimate set of validation constraints. We document the challenge, interpret its results, and discuss the utility our study will have in future investigations into simulation composition and reuse. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9028 Author: Eklund, U. and Olsson, C. M. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: A case study of the Architecture Business Cycle for an in-vehicle software architecture Conference Name: 2009 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture & European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 91-100 Date: 14-17 Sept. 2009 Short Title: A case study of the Architecture Business Cycle for an in-vehicle software architecture DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2009.5290795 Keywords: automobile manufacture software architecture architecture business cycle automotive business environment automotive manufacturer in-vehicle software architecture Automotive engineering Computer architecture Computer industry Electronic mail Embedded software Engineering management Manufacturing Systems engineering and theory Vehicles Abstract: This paper presents the theoretical and practical benefits from a case study using a the architecture business cycle to understand the management of software architecture at an automotive manufacturer. The study was done to prepare for architectural changes driven by new technology and in the automotive business environment. Our results show that the architecture business cycle worked well in defining the theoretical context for the study after some modifications; the architecture had to be precisely defined in the interview situation to gain more useful data rather than broad generalisations. Further contributions of the study were a deeper understanding of role of the architecture and its position among other artefacts in the organisation, and an increased focus on architectural issues in management meetings. The study also indirectly affected a subsequent re-organisation. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8691 Author: Beauregard, Denis and Plamondon, Réjean Year: 1989 Title: CASE tool for microprocessing Journal: Microprocessors and Microsystems Volume: 13 Issue: 10 Pages: 637-643 Date: 12// Short Title: CASE tool for microprocessing ISSN: 0141-9331 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-9331(89)90071-9 Keywords: microprocessors software CASE tools program editor Abstract: Code Expert is ergonomic text editing software designed to help the user write programs for microprocessors. It runs on an IBM PC with PC-DOS, using popular microprocessor assembly languages and third-generation languages like c and PL/M. This tool has been used successfully in many realtime applications. It has been used, for example, to produce software based on algorithms (signal analysis and pattern recognition), to handle telecommunication (intelligent modem and emergency phone-call processing), and to perform data acquisition (power plant monitoring). Code Expert is introduced here in the context of CASE tools. An example application is given, followed by a discussion of the system's features. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0141933189900719 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8734 Author: Ockerman, Jennifer J. and Mitchell, Christine M. Year: 1999 Title: Case-based design browser to support software reuse: theoretical structure and empirical evaluation Journal: International Journal of Human-Computer Studies Volume: 51 Issue: 5 Pages: 865-893 Date: 11// Short Title: Case-based design browser to support software reuse: theoretical structure and empirical evaluation ISSN: 1071-5819 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.1999.0253 Abstract: With the proliferation of large, complex software systems, reuse of previous software designs and software artifacts, such as operation concepts, requirements, specifications and source code, is an important issue for both industry and government. Reuse has long been expected to result in substantial productivity and quality gains. To date, this expectation has been largely unmet. One reason may be the lack of tools to support software reuse. This research proposes the development of one such tool, the Design Browser. The Design Browser is a software architecture intended to support designers of large software systems in the early stages of software design, specifically conceptual design. The Design Browser is based on principles derived from cognitive engineering (e.g. Woods & Roth, 1988 a); naturalistic decision-making, particularly Klein's (1989) recognition-primed decision making model; and Kolodner's (1993) approach to case-based reasoning. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the Design Browser was implemented for a NASA satellite control sub-system—the command management system (CMS). An empirical evaluation was conducted. It used the CMS Design Browser and participants who were part of the three user groups often involved in large-scale commercial software development. These groups are the software design team, the users and management. The results of the evaluation show that all three groups found the CMS Design Browser quite useful as demonstrated by actual performance and subjective rating. Notes: tool development URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1071581999902537 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7926 Author: Vazquez, German L., Campo, Marcelo R. and Pace, J. Andres Diaz Year: 2008 Title: A case-based reasoning approach for materializing software architectures onto object-oriented designs Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing Conference Location: Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil Publisher: ACM Pages: 842-843 DOI: 10.1145/1363686.1363878 Place Published: 1363878 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8174 Author: Rugaber, Spencer Year: 2006 Title: Cataloging design abstractions Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2006 international workshop on Role of abstraction in software engineering Conference Location: Shanghai, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 11-18 DOI: 10.1145/1137620.1137624 Place Published: 1137624 Abstract: Abstractions are the essence of software design, and various enterprises, such as design patterns, architectural styles, programming clichés and idioms, attempt to capture, organize and present them to software engineers. This position paper explores the possibility of mounting a more comprehensive effort to catalog abstractions. Related efforts such as the design of textual and electronic dictionaries, markup languages for software artifacts and ontologies of computer science topics are surveyed to inform the effort. A set of derivative questions is presented to explore the problem space. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8618 Author: Caruthers, J. M., Lauterbach, J. A., Thomson, K. T., Venkatasubramanian, V., Snively, C. M., Bhan, A., Katare, S. and Oskarsdottir, G. Year: 2003 Title: Catalyst design: knowledge extraction from high-throughput experimentation Journal: Journal of Catalysis Volume: 216 Issue: 1–2 Pages: 98-109 Date: 5// Short Title: Catalyst design: knowledge extraction from high-throughput experimentation ISSN: 0021-9517 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9517(02)00036-2 Keywords: Catalyst design High throughput experimentation Zeolite Knowledge extraction Abstract: We present a new framework for catalyst design that integrates computer-aided extraction of knowledge with high-throughput experimentation (HTE) and expert knowledge to realize the full benefit of HTE. We describe the current state of HTE and illustrate its speed and accuracy using an FTIR imaging system for oxidation of CO over metals. However, data is just information and not knowledge. In order to more effectively extract knowledge from HTE data, we propose a framework that, through advanced models and novel software architectures, strives to approximate the thought processes of the human expert. In the forward model the underlying chemistry is described as rules and the data or predictions as features. We discuss how our modeling framework—via a knowledge extraction (KE) engine—transparently maps rules-to-equations-to-parameters-to-features as part of the forward model. We show that our KE engine is capable of robust, automated model refinement, when modeled features do not match the experimental features. Further, when multiple models exist that can describe experimental data, new sets of HTE can be suggested. Thus, the KE engine improves (i) selection of chemistry rules and (ii) the completeness of the HTE data set as the model and data converge. We demonstrate the validity of the KE engine and model refinement capabilities using the production of aromatics from propane on H-ZSM-5. We also discuss how the framework applies to the inverse model, in order to meet the design challenge of predicting catalyst compositions for desired performance. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021951702000362 Access Date: 2003/6// Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9225 Author: Leva, A. and Bascetta, L. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Causal design methodology for optimal tracking in 2-d.o.f. industrial controllers Conference Name: Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control Pages: 2368-2373 Date: 12-15 Dec. 2005 Short Title: Causal design methodology for optimal tracking in 2-d.o.f. industrial controllers ISBN: 0191-2216 DOI: 10.1109/CDC.2005.1582516 Keywords: Adaptive control Design methodology Electrical equipment industry Embedded system Hardware Industrial control Optimal control Signal design Software architecture Tracking loops Abstract: This paper presents and discusses a causal method to design the feedforward part of 2-d.o.f. industrial controllers for optimal tracking, independently of the structure of the feedback controller, of the way it was designed, and of the characteristics of the set point signal. The method is particularly well suited for embedded systems, or wherever the limits imposed by the hardware and/or software architecture play a significant role; it is based on a nonparametric model of the control loop, that can be easily identified on-line, and allows to cast various tracking problems into a unified optimization framework. An experimental application example demonstrates the method’s effectiveness, simplicity, and practical usefulness. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9076 Author: Weifeng, Li, Omair, Abbasi, Hingora, N. S. and Yongfeng, Feng Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Certify— A characterization and validation tool for behavioral models Conference Name: 2007 IEEE International Behavioral Modeling and Simulation Workshop Pages: 40-45 Date: 20-21 Sept. 2007 Short Title: Certify— A characterization and validation tool for behavioral models ISBN: 2160-3804 DOI: 10.1109/BMAS.2007.4437522 Keywords: VLSI circuit CAD integrated circuit design integrated circuit modelling semiconductor devices software architecture Certify VLSI circuit design behavioral models computer-aided circuit analysis device modeling semiconductor device models validation tool Circuit analysis computing Computer languages Fabrication Graphical user interfaces Hardware design languages Semiconductor device modeling Semiconductor device testing Solid modeling Very large scale integration Writing Abstract: Device modeling plays an important role in VLSI circuit design because computer-aided circuit analysis results are only as accurate as the models used. This indicates a need for robust tools that can facilitate the testing, validation and characterization procedure of semiconductor device models. Certify, the graphical tool for model characterization and validation, is a step in this direction [1]. The software architecture and different modules of Certify have been described in this paper. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8737 Author: Vincentelli, Alberto Sangiovanni Year: 2006 Title: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SYSTEM THEORY IN EMBEDDED CONTROLLER DESIGN Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 39 Issue: 5 Pages: 2-3 Date: // Short Title: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR SYSTEM THEORY IN EMBEDDED CONTROLLER DESIGN ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3182/20060607-3-IT-3902.00004 Keywords: Embedded Systems Systems Design Systems Methodology Control Applications Distributed Control Abstract: Embedded controllers are essential in today electronic systems to assure that the behaviour of complex systems as cars, airplanes, trains, building security management systems, is compliant to strict safety constraints. I will review the evolution of embedded systems and the challenges that must be faced in their design. I will also present methodologies aimed at simplifying and speeding the design process. The role of hybrid systems in the development of embedded controllers will be outlined. Future applications such as wireless sensor networks in an industrial plant will also be presented. The ability of integrating an exponentially increasing number of transistors within a chip, the ever-expanding use of electronic embedded systems to control increasingly many aspects of the “real world”, and the trend to interconnect more and more such systems (often from different manufacturers) into a global network, are creating a nightmarish scenario for embedded system designers. Complexity and scope are exploding into the three inter-related but independently growing directions mentioned above, while teams are even shrinking in size to further reduce costs. In this scenario the three challenges that are taking center stage are: Heterogeneity and Complexity of the Hardware Platform. The trends mentioned above result in exponential complexity growth of the features that can be implemented in hardware. The integration capabilities make it possible to build real complex system on a chip including analog and RF components. The decision of what to place on a chip is no longer dictated by the amount of circuitry that can be placed on the chip but by reliability, yield and ultimately cost (it is well known that analog and RF components force to use more conservative manufacturing lines with more processing steps than pure digital ICs). Even if manufacturing concerns suggest to implement hardware in separate chips, the resulting package may still be very small given the advances in packaging technology yielding the concept of System-in-Package (SiP). Pure digital chips are also featuring an increasing number of components. Design time, cost and manufacturing unpredictability for deep submicron technology make the use of custom hardware implementations appealing only for products that are addressing a very large market and for experienced and financially rich companies. Even for these companies, the present design methodologies are not yielding the necessary productivity forcing them to increase beyond reason the size of design and verification teams. These IC companies (for example Intel, AMD and TI) are looking increasingly to system design methods to allow them to assemble large chips out of pre-designed components and to reduce validation costs. In this context, the adoption of design models above RTL and of communication mechanism among components with guaranteed properties and standard interfaces is only a matter of time. Embedded Software Complexity. Given the cost and risks associated to developing hardware solutions, an increasing number of companies is selecting hardware platforms that can be customized by reconfiguration and/or by software programmability. In particular, software is taking the lion's share of the implementation budgets and cost. In cell phones, more than 1 Million lines of code is standard today, while in automobiles the estimated number of lines by 2010 is 100 Millions. The number of lines of source code of embedded software required for defense avionics systems is also growing exponentially. However, as this happens, the complexity explosion of the software component causes serious concerns for the final quality of the products and the productivity of the engineering forces. In transportation, the productivity of embedded software writers using the traditional methods of software development ranges in the few tens of lines per day. The reasons for such a low productivity are in the time needed for verification of the system and long redesign cycles that come from the need of developing full system prototypes for the lack of appropriate virtual engineering methods and tools for embedded software. Embedded software is substantially different from traditional software for commercial and corporate applications: by virtue of being embedded in a surrounding system, the software must be able to continuously react to stimuli in the desired way, i.e., within bounds on timing, power consumed and cost. Verifying the correctness of the system requires that the model of the software be transformed to include information that involve physical quantities to retain only what is relevant to the task at hand. In traditional software systems, the abstraction process leaves out all the physical aspects of the systems as only the functional aspects of the code matter. Integration Complexity. A standard technique to deal with complexity is decomposing “top-down” the system into subsystems. This approach, which has been customarily adopted by the semiconductor industry for years, has limitation as a designer or a group of designers has to fully comprehend the entire system and to partition appropriately its various parts, a difficult task given the enormous complexity of today's systems. Hence, the future is one of developing systems by composing pieces that all or in part have already been pre-designed or designed independently by other design groups or even companies. This has been done routinely in vertical design chains for example in the transportation vertical, albeit in a heuristic and ad hoc way. The resulting lack of an overall understanding of the interplay of the sub-systems and of the difficulties encountered in integrating very complex parts causes system integration to become a nightmare in the system industry. For example, Jurgen Hubbert, then in charge of the Mercedes-Benz passenger car division, publicly stated in 2003: “The industry is fighting to solve problems that are coming from electronics and companies that introduce new technologies face additional risks. We have experienced blackouts on our cockpit management and navigation command system and there have been problems with telephone connections and seat heating.“ I believe that in today's environment this state is the rule for the leading system OEMs let them operate in the transportation domain, in multimedia systems, in communication, rather than the exception. The source of these problems is clearly the increased complexity but also the difficulty of the OEMs in managing the integration and maintenance process with subsystems that come from different suppliers who use different design methods, different software architecture, different hardware platforms, different (and often proprietary) Real-Time Operating Systems. Therefore, there is a need for standards in the software and hardware domains that will allow plug-and-play of subsystems and their implementation while the competitive advantage of an OEM will increasingly reside on novel and compelling functionalities. I will present a methodology to cope with some of these problems and that can use hybrid system modeling. I will review how this methodology can be applied to the design of embedded controllers for the automotive industry. Finally I will present the application of the methodology and of hybrid systems to the design of wireless sensor networks in an industrial environment. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667015328470 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7552 Author: Me, G., Procaccianti, G. and Lago, P. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Challenges on the Relationship between Architectural Patterns and Quality Attributes Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 141-144 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: Challenges on the Relationship between Architectural Patterns and Quality Attributes DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.19 Keywords: object-oriented methods software architecture software quality architectural patterns architectural tactics design decisions quality attributes relationship patterns-QAs Computer architecture Context Decision making Fault tolerance Security Stakeholders Architectural Pattern Quality Attribute Tactic Abstract: Among other knowledge, software architecture design decision-making relies on the relation between architectural patterns and quality attributes (QAs). However, this relation is often implicit, or in the best case informally and partially defined. This leads to sub-optimal understanding of the impact of the architecture design on the desired level of quality. In this work, we aim to shed light on the relation patterns-QAs in the context of an important architectural mechanism, architectural tactics. Tactics are design decisions that address a specific quality attribute. In turn, the implementation of a tactic has a different impact according to the used pattern. From a previous systematic literature review, we selected and analyzed 13 primary studies with a clear focus on tactics. From our analysis, we extracted three overarching challenges on the relationship patterns-QAs that are yet unsolved by research. The essence of these challenges suggests that further research is needed to identify a clear and precise link between the functional nature of architectural elements and non-functional quality properties. Notes: literature review Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9509 Author: Me, G., Procaccianti, G. and Lago, P. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Challenges on the Relationship between Architectural Patterns and Quality Attributes Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 141-144 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: Challenges on the Relationship between Architectural Patterns and Quality Attributes DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.19 Keywords: object-oriented methods software architecture software quality architectural patterns architectural tactics design decisions quality attributes relationship patterns-QAs Computer architecture Context Decision making Fault tolerance Security Stakeholders Architectural Pattern Quality Attribute Tactic Abstract: Among other knowledge, software architecture design decision-making relies on the relation between architectural patterns and quality attributes (QAs). However, this relation is often implicit, or in the best case informally and partially defined. This leads to sub-optimal understanding of the impact of the architecture design on the desired level of quality. In this work, we aim to shed light on the relation patterns-QAs in the context of an important architectural mechanism, architectural tactics. Tactics are design decisions that address a specific quality attribute. In turn, the implementation of a tactic has a different impact according to the used pattern. From a previous systematic literature review, we selected and analyzed 13 primary studies with a clear focus on tactics. From our analysis, we extracted three overarching challenges on the relationship patterns-QAs that are yet unsolved by research. The essence of these challenges suggests that further research is needed to identify a clear and precise link between the functional nature of architectural elements and non-functional quality properties. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8915 Author: Sterling, T. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Challenges to evaluating Petaflops systems Conference Name: Second International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST'05) Pages: 166 Date: 19-22 Sept. 2005 Short Title: Challenges to evaluating Petaflops systems DOI: 10.1109/QEST.2005.7 Keywords: computer architecture performance evaluation Cray Cascade system Moore law Petaflops system evaluation cost function distributed resource memory system prosaic commodity cluster quantitative system evaluation spatial locality statistical parametric tradeoff study system scaling temporal locality Application software Costs Hardware High performance computing Impedance Moore's Law Scalability Software design Supercomputers Abstract: Summary form only given. Even as the high performance computing community approaches 100 Teraflops Linpack performance, challenges to supercomputer hardware and software design may impede further progress and limit scalability and performance to cost. The assumed canonical methods of harnessing distributed resources are being severely stressed by the continued advances of Moore's law and system scaling as well as the complexities of emerging interdisciplinary applications. As we struggle into the Petaflops era, new models and metrics will be essential to guide all aspects of the evolution and application of future systems. A new generation of computer architecture such as the Cray Cascade system will employ its resources in potentially innovative ways quite different from today's prosaic commodity clusters (or MPPs). What those semantic and physical structures should look like and how they should be employed must be determined by aggressive application of a mix of modeling and evaluation techniques. While such methods in almost all cases have been explored, their use in the design and implementation of real world systems is currently limited. This presentation discusses the challenges to evaluating future generation Petaflops scale systems and the kinds of questions that needs to be answered that are usually not addressed in the early design cycle. Included for consideration are the baseline of optimality that should be used (today it is peak), measures of the impact of memory systems including concepts of temporal and spatial locality, cost functions for normalization of observed capabilities, and the role of statistical parametric tradeoff studies. In addition, this presentation briefly examines issues related to user productivity and the impact of system characteristics on them. This article concludes that among the most important trends in advanced high end computing is the dramatic potential of quantitative evaluation of systems. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8796 Author: Díaz, J., Pérez, J., Garbajosa, J. and Yagüe, A. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Change-Impact Driven Agile Architecting Conference Name: 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Pages: 4780-4789 Date: 7-10 Jan. 2013 Short Title: Change-Impact Driven Agile Architecting ISBN: 1530-1605 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2013.127 Keywords: Computer architecture Decision making Documentation Planning Software Software architecture Variable speed drives Agile Architecting Agile Software Development Architectural Knowledge Change Impact Analysis Abstract: Software architecture is a key factor to scale up Agile Software Development (ASD) in large software-intensive systems. Currently, software architectures are more often approached through mechanisms that enable to incrementally design and evolve software architectures (aka. agile architecting). Agile architecting should be a light-weight decision-making process, which could be achieved by providing knowledge to assist agile architects in reasoning about changes. This paper presents the novel solution of using change-impact knowledge as the main driver for agile architecting. The solution consists of a Change Impact Analysis technique and a set of models to assist agile architects in the change (decision-making) process by retrieving the change-impact architectural knowledge resulting from adding or changing features iteration after iteration. To validate our approach, we have put our solution into practice by running a project of a metering management system in electric power networks in an i-smart software factory. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8733 Author: Hartmann, Herman, Trew, Tim and Bosch, Jan Year: 2012 Title: The changing industry structure of software development for consumer electronics and its consequences for software architectures Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 85 Issue: 1 Pages: 178-192 Date: 1// Short Title: The changing industry structure of software development for consumer electronics and its consequences for software architectures ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2011.08.007 Keywords: Industry structures Ecosystems Software supply chains Case study Software architecture Software management Software evolution Embedded systems Mobile phones Consumer electronics Abstract: During the last decade the structure of the consumer electronics industry has been changing profoundly. Current consumer electronics products are built using components from a large variety of specialized firms, whereas previously each product was developed by a single, vertically integrated company. Taking a software development perspective, we analyze the transition in the consumer electronics industry using case studies from digital televisions and mobile phones. We introduce a model consisting of five industry structure types and describe the forces that govern the transition between types and we describe the consequences for software architectures. We conclude that, at this point in time, software supply chains are the dominant industry structure for developing consumer electronics products. This is because the modularization of the architecture is limited, due to the lack of industry-wide standards and because resource constrained devices require variants of supplied software that are optimized for different hardware configurations. Due to these characteristics open ecosystems have not been widely adopted. The model and forces can serve the decision making process for individual companies that consider the transition to a different type of industry structure as well as provide a framework for researchers studying the software-intensive industries. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121211002081 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9111 Author: Spinellis, D. Year: 2016 Title: The Changing Role of the Software Architect Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 33 Issue: 6 Pages: 4-6 Short Title: The Changing Role of the Software Architect ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2016.133 Keywords: software architecture software quality software reusability quality elements software agility software architect software development software industry software reuse software testability software engineering Abstract: Being a good software architect has never been easy. Changes in the software industry are making the job even more challenging. The key drivers are the rising role of software in systems and their operation; more emphasis on reuse, agility, and testability during software development; and several quality elements increasingly affected by architectural choices. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8474 Author: Lior, Linda Newman Year: 2013 Title: Chapter 2 - Design and Development Models and Processes Book Title: Writing for Interaction Place Published: Boston Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 21-42 Short Title: Chapter 2 - Design and Development Models and Processes ISBN: 978-0-12-394813-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394813-7.00002-X Keywords: User-centered design Incremental design Task-based design Feature-based design ADDIE Instructional design Iterative developmental models Incremental developmental models Agile development Software development phases Wireframes User experience Information experience Abstract: This chapter describes various design models and how they are used to create processes. Specifically, it discusses user-centered design (UCD) as the basis for keeping users at the forefront of application design. Then it presents traditional waterfall design models and shows how incremental design models and agile development processes are used in software design. The chapter also discusses how the traditional ADDIE model can help writers create a process for defining the information experience. The chapter also notes the importance of team collaboration for creating a cohesive application and information experience, describing each of the roles on the team and its impact on the information. Lastly, the chapter presents the OARP decision matrix for helping teams finalize decisions. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012394813700002X Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8594 Year: 2008 Title: Chapter 2 - Hierarchical View of Energy Conservation A2 - Shearer, Findlay Book Title: Power Management in Mobile Devices Place Published: Burlington Publisher: Newnes Pages: 39-75 Short Title: Chapter 2 - Hierarchical View of Energy Conservation A2 - Shearer, Findlay ISBN: 978-0-7506-7958-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-7958-9.00002-2 Abstract: Publisher Summary Batteries have only improved their capacity about 5% every 2 years. As a result, mobile devices need to become more power efficient to close the energy performance gap. Success of power efficient mobile devices requires system-level optimization choices. However, a holistic approach consisting of systems design, software, architecture, circuit design, and manufacturing processes is required to tackle the low power challenges. As transistors get smaller, parasitic leakage currents and power dissipation become significant issues. By integrating the novel three-dimensional design of the tri-gate transistor with advanced semiconductor technology such as strain engineering and high-k/metal gate stack, an innovative approach is developed toward addressing the current leakage problem while continuing to improve device performance. The integrated CMOS tri-gate transistors will play a critical role in energy-efficient performance philosophy because they have a lower leakage current and consume less power than planar transistors. Because tri-gate transistors greatly improve performance and energy efficiency, they enable manufacturers to extend the scaling of silicon transistors. Tri-gate transistors could become the basic building block for microprocessors in future technology nodes. The technology can be integrated into an economical, high-volume manufacturing process, leading to high-performance and low-power products. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780750679589000022 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8603 Author: Hornick, Mark F., Marcadé, Erik and Venkayala, Sunil Year: 2007 Title: Chapter 3 - Data Mining Process Book Title: Java Data Mining Place Published: Burlington Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 51-83 Short Title: Chapter 3 - Data Mining Process ISBN: 978-0-12-370452-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012370452-8/50029-3 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the CRISP-DM standard data mining process and characterizes how JDM supports the various phases of this process. This chapter discusses data analysis and preparation in great detail and explains what to look for in data and how to address typical data quality issues. As modeling is the main focus of JDM, we explore three principal tasks—model builds, model test, and model apply. In preparation for the discussion on enterprise software architectures, this chapter discusses the role of databases and data warehouses on data mining. This chapter characterizes the architectures of data mining tools and their interplay with file systems and databases, and further explores the larger scale enterprise system involving data mining and how workflow can be used to include mining tasks in the enterprise. A standardized data mining process is explained in detail that involves a number of phases including business understanding, data understanding, data preparation, modeling, evaluation, and deployment. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123704528500293 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8679 Author: Visser, Willemien and Hoc, Jean-Michel Year: 1990 Title: Chapter 3.3 - Expert Software Design Strategies Book Title: Psychology of Programming Place Published: London Publisher: Academic Press Pages: 235-249 Short Title: Chapter 3.3 - Expert Software Design Strategies ISBN: 978-0-12-350772-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-350772-3.50020-3 Abstract: Abstract Early studies on programming have neglected design strategies actually implemented by expert programmers. Recent studies observing designers in real(istic) situations show these strategies to be deviating from the top-down and breadth-first prescriptive model, and leading to an opportunistically organized design activity. The main components of these strategies are presented here. Consequences are drawn from the results for the specification of design support tools, as well as for programmers' training. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123507723500203 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8533 Year: 2004 Title: Chapter 3: A symbol model-based intelligent system and its implementation Editor: Xiangjun, Zhang and Changlin, Gui Book Title: Tribology and Interface Engineering Series Publisher: Elsevier Volume: Volume 46 Pages: 95-116 Short Title: Chapter 3: A symbol model-based intelligent system and its implementation ISBN: 1572-3364 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8922(04)80034-8 Abstract: Summary Combining the inference ability of domain experts and the calculation abilities of numerical analysis programs, an intelligent system for engine tribology design has been developed that can solve tribological design problems intelligently and efficiently. As its basic knowledge model, symbol models are adopted to describe the domain design knowledge and the design inference process. To implement the intelligent system, object-oriented technology is used to integrate the knowledge models, numerical calculation programs, design inference processes, and decision-making procedures into a smooth and efficient operating software architecture. The intelligent system developed provides direct and efficient solutions to normal design problems encountered in engine tribological design. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167892204800348 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8627 Author: Thiele, Lothar, Chakraborty, Samarjit, Gries, Matthias and Kunzli, Simon Year: 2003 Title: Chapter 4 - Design Space Exploration of Network Processor Architectures Book Title: Network Processor Design Place Published: San Francisco Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 55-89 Short Title: Chapter 4 - Design Space Exploration of Network Processor Architectures ISBN: 15459888 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-155860875-7.50022-3 Abstract: Publisher Summary It is noted that network processors (NPs) generally consist of multiple processing units such as CPU cores, microengines, and dedicated hardware for computing-intensive tasks, memory units, caches, interconnections, and I/O interfaces. Following a system-on-a-chip (SoC) design method, these resources are then put on a single chip and they must interoperate in order to perform packet processing tasks at line speed. The process of determining the optimal hardware and software architecture for such processors includes issues involving resource allocation and partitioning. The chapter presents a framework for the design space exploration of embedded systems. It is observed that the architecture exploration and evaluation of network processors involve many tradeoffs and a complex interplay between hardware and software. The chapter focuses on high level of abstraction, where the goal is to quickly identify interesting architectures that can be further evaluated by taking lower-level details into account. Task models, task scheduling, operating system issues, and packet processor architectures collectively play a role in different phases of the design space exploration of packet processor devices. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781558608757500223 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8744 Author: Cai, Yuanfang, Kazman, Rick, Silva, Carlos V. A., Xiao, Lu and Chen, Hong-Mei Year: 2014 Title: Chapter 6 - A Decision-Support System Approach to Economics-Driven Modularity Evaluation Book Title: Economics-Driven Software Architecture Place Published: Boston Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 105-128 Short Title: Chapter 6 - A Decision-Support System Approach to Economics-Driven Modularity Evaluation ISBN: 978-0-12-410464-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410464-8.00006-4 Keywords: Software Modularity Software Architecture Technical Debt Refactoring Real options Complexity Metrics Effort Measures Abstract: Modularity debt is the most difficult kind of technical debt to quantify and manage. Modularity decay, thus modularity debt, causes huge losses over time in terms of reduced ability to provide new functionality and fix bugs, operational failures, and even canceled projects. As modularity debt accumulates over time, software system managers are often faced with a challenging task of deciding when and whether to refactor, for example, choosing to improve modularity or not. While the costs of refactoring are significant and immediate, their benefits are largely invisible, intangible, and long term. Existing research lacks effective methods to quantify the costs and benefits of refactoring to support refactoring decision making. In this chapter, we present a decision-support system (DSS) approach to the modularity debt management. Using such a system, managers would be able to play out various “what-if” scenarios to make informed decisions regarding refactoring. Our DSS approach is built on a scientific foundation for explicitly manifesting the economic implications of software refactoring activities so that the costs and benefits of such activities can be understood, analyzed, and predicted. We discuss our contributions and current progress in developing the building blocks and the underpinning framework, an integrated economics-driven modularization evaluation framework, for the modularity debt management decision-support system (MDM-DSS). URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124104648000064 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8410 Author: Schmidt, Richard F. Year: 2013 Title: Chapter 7 - Understanding Software Requirements Book Title: Software Engineering Place Published: Boston Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 121-137 Short Title: Chapter 7 - Understanding Software Requirements ISBN: 978-0-12-407768-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407768-3.00007-0 Keywords: stakeholders needs and expectations software requirements customers end users project management software implementation software testing and evaluation post-development sustainment project planning technical planning Abstract: This chapter discusses the role of stakeholders within the software development effort. It focuses on understanding stakeholder motivations and the need to properly grasp stakeholder needs and expectations as they impact software requirements. The relationships between stakeholder needs, software requirements, and project planning are examined. The need to solicit stakeholder demands and balance and resolve conflicting demands is discussed. The emphasis is on explaining the importance of software engineering practices and establishing a comprehensive and achievable set of software requirements. The chapter examines the role of continual interaction with stakeholders as the software requirements are translated into the software architecture. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124077683000070 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8675 Author: Leach, Ronald Year: 1995 Title: CHAPTER 8 - Modeling Object-Oriented Systems Book Title: Object-Oriented Design and Programming with C++ Publisher: Academic Press Pages: 271-304 Short Title: CHAPTER 8 - Modeling Object-Oriented Systems ISBN: 978-0-12-440215-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-440215-7.50012-4 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the development of larger object-oriented programs in the C++ programming language. It also discusses some issues in object-oriented design and indicates how the object-oriented paradigm for software design differs from the procedurally oriented one. The String class presented in the chapter was originally developed by Eric Charles for a project under the direction of Bernard Woolfolk at Howard University. This class had two member functions: a constructor function String ( ) and a function strlen ( ) to compute the length of an object of the class. Many disciplines in computer science have concepts that are somewhat related to objects in object-oriented programming. One example is the entity-relationship (E-R) model that is common in database design. Another is the information model that is frequently used in artificial intelligence and expert systems. An E-R diagram represents a set of fundamental quantities, known as entities, and the relationships between them. The labeling of arcs in the E-R diagram indicates the nature of the relationships among the different entities connected by each arc. An E-R diagram can serve as a starting point for a preliminary set of objects. The diagrams relationships often suggest some possible methods, or transformations, on objects in the system. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124402157500124 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8727 Author: Boxer, P. and Kazman, R. Year: 2017 Title: Chapter 9 - Analyzing the Architectures of Software-Intensive Ecosystems Book Title: Managing Trade-Offs in Adaptable Software Architectures Place Published: Boston Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 203-222 Short Title: Chapter 9 - Analyzing the Architectures of Software-Intensive Ecosystems ISBN: 978-0-12-802855-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802855-1.00009-5 Keywords: Software architecture Software ecosystems Wicked problems Abstract: Abstract Software-intensive ecosystems include large numbers of independent software-intensive and human agents interacting with and responding to each other’s demands in ways that are not amenable to traditional “closed-world” assumptions. The describes the core-periphery structures of the systems participating in ecosystems, and approaches the analysis of their “wicked” behavior from the perspective of the market behaviors that they are expected to support. It proposes that a key driver of the “wickedness” is the accelerating tempo at which an ecosystem is expected to respond to new kinds of demand, making it necessary to extend the concept of “architecture” to include the resultant processes of dynamic alignment. As a result, it becomes necessary to analyze architecture in a way that includes the operational contexts-of-use within which systems are being used. The proposes the use of a multisided matrix to represent the variety of forms of dynamic alignment demanded, and describes an extension to the architecture tradeoff analysis method as a means of discovering the risks inherent in architectural decisions made to support a software-intensive ecosystem. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128028551000095 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8527 Author: Kasaian, Katayoon, Li, Yvonne Y. and Jones, Steven J. M. Year: 2014 Title: Chapter 9 - Bioinformatics for Cancer Genomics A2 - Dellaire, Graham Editor: Berman, Jason N. and Arceci, Robert J. Book Title: Cancer Genomics Place Published: Boston Publisher: Academic Press Pages: 133-152 Short Title: Chapter 9 - Bioinformatics for Cancer Genomics A2 - Dellaire, Graham ISBN: 978-0-12-396967-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396967-5.00009-8 Keywords: bioinformatics cancer genomics computational biology high-throughput sequencing sequence data analysis mutation detection data integration pathway analysis reference databases actionable targets genomic medicine data management genomic toolkits Abstract: Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled cost-effective sequencing of a single human genome at an unprecedented rate, facilitating scientific endeavours never imagined possible before. These improvements have transformed the field of cancer genomics, allowing the complete molecular characterization of individual cancer genomes. However, the promise of unveiling the complexity of cancer has lent itself to yet another level of complexity, the task of managing and integrating the massive amount of data that is generated as part of such experiments. There is a need to manage and store large sequence datasets such that they can be accessed and shared readily but, more importantly, there is a need for their thorough and efficient analysis. Developments and improvements in computer hardware and processing power have eliminated the data storage and access issues. Additionally, bioinformatic algorithms and software, designed specifically for the analysis of cancer genomic data, are now able comprehensively to profile the mutations in a cancer sample, to provide a probability score for their role as disease drivers and to identify potential actionable targets. Although the functional validation of putative driver mutations will remain a necessity, continued improvements in sequencing technologies and analysis tools promise to provide increasingly reliable computational analysis of cancer genomes. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123969675000098 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8510 Author: Kumar, Anand, Nori, Kesav Vithal, Natarajan, Swaminathan and Lokku, Doji Samson Year: 2014 Title: Chapter 10 - Value Matrix: From Value to Quality and Architecture Book Title: Economics-Driven Software Architecture Place Published: Boston Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 205-240 Short Title: Chapter 10 - Value Matrix: From Value to Quality and Architecture ISBN: 978-0-12-410464-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410464-8.00010-6 Keywords: Value Quality Architecture Perspectives Metaphors Value-based Architecture Architecting Process Value Matrix Value Matrix Representation Abstract: The value matrix framework is a value-based view of software architecture that helps explain the role of architects with respect to value and qualities and the relationships between them. It is based on the premise that while the architecture of a solution creates the framework for achieving qualities, the ultimate goal of architecture is to deliver value to all stakeholders. Accordingly, the architect has to determine not only the sources of value for each stakeholder, but also the processes by which the offering produces or influences stakeholders’ value. The value matrix framework is based on insights arrived at by asking four questions that need to be answered for the software system to succeed economically: 1. What are the benefits and who are the beneficiaries of the software system? 2. How are these benefits realized, and what are the enablers for achieving these benefits? 3. What is the underlying form of the software system that enables benefits achievement, and how does one comprehend it? 4. How does one realize this benefits-delivering system, and how does one use it to enjoy the benefits? The core ideas behind value matrix are the four different perspectives arrived at by answering these questions; these perspectives are substantiated by the use of appropriate metaphors. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124104648000106 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8711 Author: Salama, M., Bahsoon, R. and Bencomo, N. Year: 2017 Title: Chapter 11 - Managing Trade-offs in Self-Adaptive Software Architectures: A Systematic Mapping Study Book Title: Managing Trade-Offs in Adaptable Software Architectures Place Published: Boston Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 249-297 Short Title: Chapter 11 - Managing Trade-offs in Self-Adaptive Software Architectures: A Systematic Mapping Study ISBN: 978-0-12-802855-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802855-1.00011-3 Keywords: Self-adaptation Self-adaptive architecture Software architecture Trade-offs management Systematic mapping study Self-awareness Long-living software Abstract: Abstract Self-adaptation has been driven by the need to achieve and maintain quality attributes in the face of the continuously changing requirements, as well as the uncertain demand during run-time. Designing architectures that exhibit a good trade-off between multiple quality attributes is challenging, especially in the case of self-adaptive software systems, due to the complexity, heterogeneity, and ultra-large scale of modern software systems. This challenge increases with the dynamic, open, and uncertain operating environment, as well as the need for complying to environmental, regulatory, and sustainability requirements; such as energy consumption regulations. This study aims at analyzing the research landscape that have explicitly addressed trade-offs management for self-adaptive software architectures, to obtain a comprehensive overview on the current state of research on this specialized area. A systematic mapping study was conducted to identify and analyze research works related to analyzing and managing trade-offs to support decision-making for self-adaptive software architectures. Twenty primary studies were evidently selected and analyzed to classify software paradigms, quality attributes considered, and the self-* properties that drive trade-offs management. The results show constant interest in finding solutions for trade-offs management at design-time and run-time, as well as the success of research initiatives even when new research challenges are found. The findings call for foundational framework to analyze and manage trade-offs for self-adaptive software architectures that can explicitly consider specific multiple quality attributes, the run-time dynamics, the uncertainty of the environment and the complex challenges of modern, ultra-large scale systems in particular given software paradigms. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128028551000113 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8730 Author: Fokaefs, Marios, Stroulia, Eleni and Messinger, Paul R. Year: 2014 Title: Chapter 11 - Software Evolution in the Presence of Externalities: A Game-Theoretic Approach Book Title: Economics-Driven Software Architecture Place Published: Boston Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 243-258 Short Title: Chapter 11 - Software Evolution in the Presence of Externalities: A Game-Theoretic Approach ISBN: 978-0-12-410464-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410464-8.00011-8 Keywords: Software Evolution Software Engineering Economics Service-oriented Architectures Game Theory Externalities Abstract: The architecture of service-oriented systems is defined by the services involved and the network of their usage interdependencies. Changes in an individual service may lead to the evolution of the overall architecture, as (a) different or new interactions may become possible and (b) existing partners may leave the network if their dependency needs are no longer satisfied. Therefore, studying the evolution of a service and the impact it may have on services and business partners that depend on it is essential to studying the evolution of software architecture in the age of service-oriented architecture (SOA). In such an environment with different and possibly independent parties, there may exist conflicting goals. For example, one party may aim for evolution, while another may desire stability. In this chapter, we model the interactions and decision-making process during the evolution of a system using a game-theoretic approach, and we explore how variations in the dependencies and the information flow between the service provider and the clients impact the provider’s decision-making process regarding the evolution of the service. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124104648000118 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8689 Author: Buongiorno, Joseph, Zhu, Shushuai, Zhang, Dali, Turner, James and Tomberlin, David Year: 2003 Title: Chapter 12 - GFPM Software Design and Implementation Book Title: The Global Forest Products Model Place Published: Burlington Publisher: Academic Press Pages: 243-262 Short Title: Chapter 12 - GFPM Software Design and Implementation ISBN: 978-0-12-141362-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012141362-0/50013-3 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter provides information regarding the design of the global forest products model (GFPM) and its implementation as a system of computer programs. The chapter provides an overview of the GFPM software structure in terms of the overall processing flows and the main components of the GFPM. The main components of the GFPM are data preparation, data processing, and output retrieval. The data preparation is done with Microsoft Visual Basic Application macros in INPUT.XLS, and the user interface is the Excel Spreadsheet WORLD.XLS. The data-processing component is (price endogenous linear programming system (PELPS) IV, which reads data in ASCII format to construct an MPS file. The output-retrieval component consists of Visual Basic Application macros, which convert the ASCII output from the data-processing component to figures and tables in Excel spreadsheets. The chapter provides role of batch files in controlling the execution of the GFPM programs, and details the sequence of program execution corresponding to each of the main menu options of the GFPM. The chapter also discusses each component including the main programs in that component, the control mechanism, and the data flow. It also deals with the description of individual programs, procedures, or functions focusing on their functionality, input/output, and processing mechanism. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780121413620500133 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8756 Author: Ceri, Stefano, Fraternali, Piero, Bongio, Aldo, Brambilla, Marco, Comai, Sara and Matera, Maristella Year: 2003 Title: Chapter 13 - Advanced Hypertext Implementation Book Title: Designing Data-Intensive Web Applications Place Published: San Francisco Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann Pages: 457-497 Short Title: Chapter 13 - Advanced Hypertext Implementation ISBN: 978-1-55860-843-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-155860843-6/50014-1 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the software architecture called model-view-controller (MVC), used for improving the separation of concerns and modularity of software applications. Designing the overall architecture of an application requires addressing not only the hardware and network configuration, but also the software architecture. Various software-specific design objectives that drive the decision-making process are (1) separation of concerns, (2) evolvability, (3) reusability, and (4) software scalability. The MVC is conceived to better separate and insulate the three essential functions of an interactive application: the business logic of the application (the model), the interface presented to the user (the view), and the control of the interaction triggered by the user's actions (the controller). The MVC architecture prescribes a sharp distinction of responsibilities among the components of the application: the model encapsulates the business actions required for answering a user's request and keeps the state of the application, the view embodies the presentation logic for assembling the user interface, the controller is responsible for interpreting the user's request, and the actions are the actual components that implement the business logic. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781558608436500141 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8607 Author: Paletz, Susannah B. F. Year: 2012 Title: Chapter 17 - Project Management of Innovative Teams A2 - Mumford, Michael D Book Title: Handbook of Organizational Creativity Place Published: San Diego Publisher: Academic Press Pages: 421-455 Short Title: Chapter 17 - Project Management of Innovative Teams A2 - Mumford, Michael D ISBN: 978-0-12-374714-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374714-3.00017-3 Keywords: Project Management Creativity Teamwork Stress Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter intends to outline fundamental project management concepts, and then to tie these to relevant psychological and organizational research. In many organizations, innovation occurs in teams working within project management structures. A design team working internally to NASA was tasked with producing software to support the reporting, tracking, and correcting problems with space flight hardware. As with most large organizations, NASA required project management principles be met. Although this software design was conducted in a flexible, fast-paced, and iterative manner, clear requirements, schedules, and risks were identified and managed for the life of the project. Creativity is generally defined as a person, process, product, or environment that expresses or enables both usefulness (appropriateness or correctness) and originality/novelty. Innovation additionally includes the elements of relative rather than absolute novelty, intentional benefit to an individual, group, organization, or to wider society, and the application or implementation of the creative idea. Although there is academic research on project management, it is primarily a form of structuring work processes. Projects have real outcomes and meaningful consequences. As such, project management is simultaneously an area of research, an application, a type of practice, and a method of conducting work. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123747143000173 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8457 Author: Phillips, Mark D., Bashinski, Howard S., Ammerman, Harry L. and Fligg Jr, Claude M. Year: 1988 Title: Chapter 38 - A Task Analytic Approach to Dialogue Design A2 - HELANDER, MARTIN Book Title: Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction Place Published: Amsterdam Publisher: North-Holland Pages: 835-857 Short Title: Chapter 38 - A Task Analytic Approach to Dialogue Design A2 - HELANDER, MARTIN ISBN: 978-0-444-70536-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-70536-5.50043-9 Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the analytic approach to dialogue design. The task analytic approach to dialogue design has been developed to ensure constructive user involvement and an intrinsically strong relationship between operational requirements and dialogue design. The analytic products are relevant to design because they are in a form readily usable by software engineers and they are available prior to software design commitment. As such, the data go beyond the typical human factors role in manpower, training, and logistic subsystem development; they rather become important as a design catalyst, and they define procedures for operational testing and evaluation. Analytic methods, however complete and consistent, cannot replace the experience and expertise of a system designer or the iterative prototyping and testing typical of any system development effort. The dialogue design process remains an art and a science. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444705365500439 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8105 Author: Melleg\, Niklas, \#229, rd and Staron, Miroslaw Year: 2010 Title: Characterizing model usage in embedded software engineering: a case study Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 245-252 DOI: 10.1145/1842752.1842800 Place Published: 1842800 Abstract: During development of complex products, such as automotive software, models -- formal and informal -- are used throughout the development process by different roles and for different purposes -- as requirement, as implementation or as documentation. This paper reports results from a case-study of the development of embedded software at a Swedish vehicle manufacturer. We investigated use of models from high-level product planning to low-level requirements specifications for software components. Furthermore, we investigated the distribution of effort among the models, requirements and other artefacts. The goal was to explore the spectrum of modelling techniques, methods and languages used and to establish a baseline for comparison with the state-of-the-art and other companies. The results show that there exist at least 8 different modelling notations. Moreover, we found that the majority of effort was spent on behaviour models, while static models -- such as high-level design and requirements -- were considered most important. Notes: Model usage not in focus Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8415 Author: Condori-Fernandez, Nelly and Lago, Patricia Title: Characterizing the Contribution of Quality Requirements to Software Sustainability Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Short Title: Characterizing the Contribution of Quality Requirements to Software Sustainability ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2017.12.005 Keywords: Sustainability Software-intensive systems Quality requirements Survey Abstract: Background.Since sustainability became a challenge in software engineering, researchers mainly from requirements engineering and software architecture communities have contributed to defining the basis of the notion of sustainability-aware software. Problem. Despite these valuable efforts, the assessment and design based on the notion of sustainability as a software quality is still poorly understood. There is no consensus on which sustainability requirements should be considered. Aim and Method. To fill this gap, a survey was designed with a double objective: i) determine to which extent quality requirements contribute to the sustainability of software-intensive systems; and ii) identify direct dependencies among the sustainability dimensions. The survey involved different target audiences (e.g. software architects, ICT practitioners with expertise in Sustainability). We evaluated the perceived importance/relevance of each sustainability dimension, and the perceived usefulness of exploiting a sustainability model in different software engineering activities. Results. Most respondents considered modifiability as relevant for addressing both technical and environmental sustainability. Functional correctness, availability, modifiability, interoperability and recoverability favor positively the endurability of software systems. This study has also identified security, satisfaction, and freedom from risk as very good contributors to social sustainability. Satisfaction was also considered by the respondents as a good contributor to economic sustainability. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121217302984 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7997 Author: Steff, Maximilian and Russo, Barbara Year: 2012 Title: Characterizing the roles of classes and their fault-proneness through change metrics Conference Name: Proceedings of the ACM-IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering and measurement Conference Location: Lund, Sweden Publisher: ACM Pages: 59-68 DOI: 10.1145/2372251.2372261 Place Published: 2372261 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8473 Author: Ståhl, Daniel and Bosch, Jan Year: 2017 Title: Cinders: The continuous integration and delivery architecture framework Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 83 Pages: 76-93 Date: 3// Short Title: Cinders: The continuous integration and delivery architecture framework ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2016.11.006 Keywords: Cinders Software integration Software testing Continuous integration Continuous delivery Architecture framework Abstract: Context: The popular agile practices of continuous integration and delivery have become an essential part of the software development process in many companies, yet effective methods and tools to support design, description and communication of continuous integration and delivery systems are lacking. Objective: The work reported on in this paper addresses that lack by presenting Cinders — an architecture framework designed specifically to meet the needs of such systems, influenced both by prominent enterprise and software architecture frameworks as well as experiences from continuous integration and delivery modeling in industry. Method: The state of the art for systematic design and description of continuous integration and delivery systems is established through review of literature, whereupon a proposal for an architecture framework addressing requirements derived from continuous integration and delivery modeling experiences is proposed. This framework is subsequently evaluated through interviews and workshops with engineers in varying roles in three independent companies. Results: Cinders, an architecture framework designed specifically for the purpose of describing continuous integration and delivery systems is proposed and confirmed to constitute an improvement over previous methods. This work presents software professionals with a demonstrably effective method for describing their continuous integration and delivery systems from multiple points of view and supporting multiple use-cases, including system design, communication and documentation. Conclusion: It is concluded that an architecture framework for the continuous integration and delivery domain has value; at the same time potential for further improvement is identified, particularly in the area of tool support for data collection as well as for manual modeling. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095058491630369X Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8745 Author: Dbouk, Mohamad, McHeick, Hamid and Sbeity, Ihab Year: 2014 Title: CityPro; An Integrated City-protection Collaborative Platform Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 37 Pages: 72-79 Date: // Short Title: CityPro; An Integrated City-protection Collaborative Platform ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2014.08.014 Keywords: Smart cities Digital cities Software architecture Event-driven collaboration GIS Business-intelligence Data-integration Big-Data Abstract: It's a big challenge to deal with security in a city. Technology advancements are influencing our life, cities are evolving, and modern cities are referring more and more to digital technologies. Currently, a huge amount of standalone independent-systems operate in the city, their goal is to satisfy some business activities, e.g. banking, customs, hospitals, etc. Data collected by these systems represents, if integrated, a key element in any decision making process. This paper presents a, working, smart collaborative platform to integrate multiple systems to serve the surveillance activities in a city or country. It consists of a collaborative surveillance system, called CityPro. The architecture that we propose is a future vision to protect people and monitor public infrastructures, such as bridges, roads, buildings, etc.; it is designed to deal with and/or prevent abnormal activities like terrorist attacks. CityPro is expected to operate in live-mode by using (intended to use) city adapted IT-infrastructures. At the end of this paper, a typical case study is given, and challenges and future works are also discussed. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187705091400979X Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8396 Author: Workman, David A. Year: 2002 Title: A class and method taxonomy for object-oriented programs Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 27 Issue: 2 Pages: 53-58 Short Title: A class and method taxonomy for object-oriented programs ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/511152.511161 Legal Note: 511161 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7991 Author: Coelho, Wesley and Murphy, Gail Year: 2007 Title: ClassCompass: A software design mentoring system Journal: J. Educ. Resour. Comput. Volume: 7 Issue: 1 Pages: 2 Short Title: ClassCompass: A software design mentoring system ISSN: 1531-4278 DOI: 10.1145/1227846.1227848 Legal Note: 1227848 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7843 Author: Miesbauer, Cornelia and Weinreich, Rainer Year: 2013 Title: Classification of Design Decisions – An Expert Survey in Practice Editor: Drira, Khalil Book Title: Software Architecture: 7th European Conference, ECSA 2013, Montpellier, France, July 1-5, 2013. Proceedings Place Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Pages: 130-145 Short Title: Classification of Design Decisions – An Expert Survey in Practice ISBN: 978-3-642-39031-9 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-39031-9_12 Label: Miesbauer2013 Abstract: Support for capturing architectural knowledge has been identified as an important research challenge. As the basis for an approach for recovering design decisions and capturing their rationale we have performed an expert survey in practice to gain insights into the different kinds, influence factors, and sources for design decisions and also on how they are currently captured in practice. The survey has been performed with software architects, software team leads, and senior developers from six different companies in Austria with more than 10 years of experience in software development on average. The survey confirms earlier work by other authors on design decision classification and influence factors but also identifies additional kinds of decisions and influence factors not mentioned in this previous work. In addition, we gained insight into the practice of capturing, the relative importance of different decisions and influence factors, and on potential sources for recovering decisions. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39031-9_12 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8902 Author: Newman, W., Covitch, A. and May, R. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: A client/server approach to open-architecture, behavior-based robot programming Conference Name: 2nd IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology (SMC-IT'06) Pages: 8 pp.-496 Date: 0-0 0 Short Title: A client/server approach to open-architecture, behavior-based robot programming DOI: 10.1109/SMC-IT.2006.6 Keywords: aerospace instrumentation aerospace robotics client-server systems multi-robot systems software architecture behavior server behavior-based robot programming client-server approach full autonomous functionality human-guided supervisory control interactive tasks multirobot collaborative manipulation open architecture reactive controller stimulus-response robot control software architecture teleoperation tasks Application software Collaborative software Computer architecture Network servers Robot control Robot programming Robotic assembly Safety Stability Abstract: This paper describes our progress in the development of a behavior-based, stimulus-response robot control software architecture that is expressly designed to program and execute interactive tasks, including assembly, multi-robot collaborative manipulation, and exploration. The system has been designed to assure stability and safety while maintaining flexibility and achieving expert performance. The architecture incorporates a reactive controller as a behavior server, and applications are written as client programs that can operate either locally or across a network. This organization has been demonstrated to be sufficiently open to support teleoperation tasks as well as human-guided supervisory control and full autonomous functionality Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8500 Author: Senathirajah, Yalini, Bakken, Suzanne and Kaufman, David Year: 2014 Title: The clinician in the Driver’s Seat: Part 1 – A drag/drop user-composable electronic health record platform Journal: Journal of Biomedical Informatics Volume: 52 Pages: 165-176 Date: 12// Short Title: The clinician in the Driver’s Seat: Part 1 – A drag/drop user-composable electronic health record platform ISSN: 1532-0464 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2014.09.002 Keywords: User-configurable EHR Human–computer interaction Electronic health record Composable EHR Electronic medical record MedWISE Abstract: Creating electronic health records that support the uniquely complex and varied needs of healthcare presents formidable challenges. To address some of these challenges we created a new model for healthcare information systems, embodied in MedWISE,2 Medical widget-based information sharing environment. 2 a widget-based highly configurable electronic health record (EHR) platform. Founded on the idea that providing clinician users with greater control of the EHR may result in greater fit to user needs and preferences, MedWISE allows drag/drop user configurations and the sharing of user-created elements such as custom laboratory result panels and user-created interface tabs. After reviewing the current state of EHR configurability, we describe the philosophical, theoretical and practical rationales for our model, and the specific functionality of MedWISE. The alternative approach may have several advantages for human–computer interaction, efficiency, cognition, and fit of EHR tools to different contexts and tasks. We discuss potential issues raised by this approach. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532046414001993 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9316 Author: Bahrami, M. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Cloud Computing for Emerging Mobile Cloud Apps Conference Name: 2015 3rd IEEE International Conference on Mobile Cloud Computing, Services, and Engineering Pages: 4-5 Date: March 30 2015-April 3 2015 Short Title: Cloud Computing for Emerging Mobile Cloud Apps DOI: 10.1109/MobileCloud.2015.40 Keywords: cloud computing data privacy mobile computing software architecture Amazon AWS Google Cloud Platform Microsoft Windows Azure application designing tools application migration application-design industry cloud software architecture mobile application business improvement mobile cloud application design mobile cloud computing mobile cloud computing architecture mobile cloud services mobile cloud vendor services network apps privacy issues security issues Big data Computer architecture Conferences Industries Mobile communication Tutorials Mobile App Design Mobile Cloud Computing Cloud Architecture Mobile Security Mobile Privacy Abstract: The tutorial will begin with an explanation of the concepts behind cloud computing systems, cloud software architecture, the need for mobile cloud computing as an aspect of the app industry to deal with new mobile app design, network apps, app designing tools, and the motivation for migrating apps to cloud computing systems. The tutorial will review facts, goals and common architectures of mobile cloud computing systems, as well as introduce general mobile cloud services for app developers and marketers. This tutorial will highlight some of the major challenges and costs, and the role of mobile cloud computing architecture in the field of app design, as well as how the app-design industry has an opportunity to migrate to cloud computing systems with low investment. The tutorial will review privacy and security issues. It will describe major mobile cloud vendor services to illustrate how mobile cloud vendors can improve mobile app businesses. We will consider major cloud vendors, such as Microsoft Windows Azure, Amazon AWS and Google Cloud Platform. Finally, the tutorial will survey some of the cuttingedge practices in the field, and present some opportunities for future development. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8719 Author: Tan, Li Year: 2016 Title: Cloud-based Decision Support and Automation for Precision Agriculture in Orchards Journal: IFAC-PapersOnLine Volume: 49 Issue: 16 Pages: 330-335 Date: // Short Title: Cloud-based Decision Support and Automation for Precision Agriculture in Orchards ISSN: 2405-8963 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.061 Keywords: cloud computing decision support automation precision agriculture software-defined control Abstract: Abstract: Recent technological and commercial developments make cloud computing an affordable, scalable, and highly-available platform technology. Meanwhile, precision agriculture is showing its potentials by improving agricultural operations through better data-driven decision making. Nevertheless, further development of precision agriculture requires better technology and tools to process data efficiently at a reasonable cost, and to translate the data to better decisions and actions in a field. We developed a framework for cloud-based Decision Support and Automation systems that can acquire data from various sources, synthesize application-specific decisions, and control field devices from the Cloud. A distinctive feature of our framework is its extensible software architecture: decision modules can be added and/or configured for a specific operation. The platform features a device-agnostic frontend that can process incoming data in different formats and semantics. Finally, the platform incorporates software-defined control, a new software design paradigm we proposed to enable versatile and safe control of field devices from a cloud computing platform. An early version of the system has been developed and tested with support from the USDA. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240589631631624X Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8037 Author: Lewis, Grace A., Echeverr, Sebastian, #237, Simanta, Soumya, Bradshaw, Ben and Root, James Year: 2014 Title: Cloudlet-based cyber-foraging for mobile systems in resource-constrained edge environments Conference Name: Companion Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Software Engineering Conference Location: Hyderabad, India Publisher: ACM Pages: 412-415 DOI: 10.1145/2591062.2591119 Place Published: 2591119 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8452 Author: Masoud, Hamid and Jalili, Saeed Year: 2014 Title: A clustering-based model for class responsibility assignment problem in object-oriented analysis Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 93 Pages: 110-131 Date: 7// Short Title: A clustering-based model for class responsibility assignment problem in object-oriented analysis ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2014.02.053 Keywords: Automated software design Class responsibility assignment Clustering techniques Abstract: Assigning responsibilities to classes is a vital task in object-oriented analysis and design, and it directly affects the maintainability and reusability of software systems. There are many methodologies to help recognize the responsibilities of a system and assign them to classes, but all of them depend greatly on human judgment and decision-making. In this paper, we propose a clustering-based model to solve the class responsibility assignment (CRA) problem. The proposed model employs a novel interactive graph-based method to find inheritance hierarchies, and two novel criteria to determine the appropriate number of classes. It reduces the dependency of CRA on human judgment and provides a decision-making support for CRA in class diagrams. To evaluate the proposed model, we apply three different hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithms and two different types of similarity measures. By comparing the obtained results of clustering techniques with the models designed by multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA), it is revealed that clustering techniques yield promising results. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121214000661 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9254 Author: Zhao, S. F. and Chen, L. C. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: The Coal Mining Safety Equipment's Intelligent Monitoring and Management of Being based on the Web-environment Conference Name: 2010 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology Pages: 2084-2088 Date: June 29 2010-July 1 2010 Short Title: The Coal Mining Safety Equipment's Intelligent Monitoring and Management of Being based on the Web-environment DOI: 10.1109/CIT.2010.354 Keywords: Web services coal computerised monitoring decision making mining object-oriented methods optimisation safety systems software architecture software management software tools Myeclipse5.5.1 development tool Web server coal mining safety equipment coal mining security equipment dynamic optimization intelligent monitoring management system object-oriented analysis web page technology Databases Mining equipment Monitoring Safety Security Testing device testing intelligent management web- environment Abstract: The system utilizes the object-oriented analysis method and the broad-based B / S / D software architecture. Then researching and developing the coal mining security equipment's intelligent monitoring and management system of being based on the web-environment, the Web server software on this system using the tomcat6.0. Connecting the database by struts and ibatis dynamic web page technology and framework technology. Using the Myeclipse5.5.1 as a development tool; for the management process of different units, different functions, different users to design their features so that they can achieve their "party-led, three-linkage" of the new management, according to this mentioned above, the dynamic optimization to the security management of the prevention process is achieved and Safety equipment on the production site which can quickly feedback information, dynamic tracking and closed loop controlling. Therefore, it is effective to reduce the accident rate; and having important practical significances to the exploitation of coal mine safety production and decision-making management. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9573 Author: Wang, X. W., Chen, W. N., Wang, Y. and Peng, C. L. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: A Co-design Flow for Reconfigurable Embedded Computing System with RTOS Support Conference Name: 2009 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems Pages: 467-474 Date: 25-27 May 2009 Short Title: A Co-design Flow for Reconfigurable Embedded Computing System with RTOS Support DOI: 10.1109/ICESS.2009.84 Keywords: embedded systems operating systems (computers) system monitoring RTOS support co-design flow real-time operating system reconfigurable embedded computing system run-time reconfigurable system software flexibility technology-dependent tool Adaptive filters Adaptive systems Application software Embedded computing Embedded system Hardware Operating systems Real time systems Signal design Software performance unified hardware task interface Abstract: Reconfigurable system provides both flexibility of software and performance of hardware. It is a significant trend in embedded application domain. Some new reconfigurable technologies and technology-dependent tools have been developed, but the whole design flow for run-time reconfigurable systems with real-time operating system support is not proposed. RTOS plays an important role in the system and the co-design flow. The special requirements for reconfigurable embedded systems with RTOS support are analyzed, and a novel co-design flow is proposed in this paper. A design case is presented here, which shows the co-design flows of the implementation of an adaptive signal filtering system on a commercially available reconfigurable platform. The results show that using run-time reconfiguration can save over 66% area when compared to a functionally equivalent fixed system and achieve 24 times speedup in processing time when compared with a functionally equivalent pure software design. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8955 Author: Cui, X. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Co-design of the Business and Software Architectures: A Systems Engineering and Model-Driven Method Conference Name: 2010 11th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering, Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Parallel/Distributed Computing Pages: 209-214 Date: 9-11 June 2010 Short Title: Co-design of the Business and Software Architectures: A Systems Engineering and Model-Driven Method DOI: 10.1109/SNPD.2010.39 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language business data processing simulation languages software architecture systems engineering SysM Lmodeling languages UML modeling languages business and software architecture codesign method model-driven method Artificial intelligence Computer architecture Design engineering Distributed computing Software design Software engineering Software systems Systems engineering and theory business architecture model-driven software architecture design Abstract: Software architecture design plays a crucial role for both the software and business success. Most of the existing methods conduct software architecture design driven by the key software requirements, facing the challenges of creating architectures from scratch and aligning with the high-level business goals. In this paper we propose the BASAD (Business And Software Architecture co-Design) method to facilitate alleviating the difficulty of software architecture design and achieving the high-level business goals. The method addresses the business and software architecture design in an integrated process from a systems engineering perspective, leveraging the SysML and UML modeling languages and the automated model transformation from the business architectures to the software architectures, so that provide pragmatic support for the architecture co-design. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9245 Author: Pirahandeh, M. and Kim, D. H. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Co-designing an intelligent doctors-colleagues-patients social network Conference Name: 2012 International Conference on Cloud Computing and Social Networking (ICCCSN) Pages: 1-4 Date: 26-27 April 2012 Short Title: Co-designing an intelligent doctors-colleagues-patients social network DOI: 10.1109/ICCCSN.2012.6215739 Keywords: biomedical communication cloud computing health care medical computing medical information systems peer-to-peer computing social networking (online) Azure P2P network DCP social network architecture Swedish National projects clinics healthcare sector human information system intelligent doctors-colleagues-patients social network design patient judgment working group list Algorithm design and analysis Information systems Medical services Peer to peer computing Search engines Social network services Solid modeling Co-design Social network Software design e-Health Abstract: In this paper we use the concept of co-design and human information system to suggest the doctors, colleagues and patients (DCP) social network that enables communication between clinics, doctors and patients; and among the doctors to improve the standard. We propose a DCP social network architecture based on the cloud computing and two algorithms. The first algorithm initializes the working group list into the proposed P2P network and integrates them with current network such as Swedish National projects (NPO). The second algorithm enables user to search DCP social network using criteria such as near distance and location. In DCP social network, how patients make judgments in selecting their physicians interpret the important aspects which are not only the way patients relate to the information system but also what the role of intelligent DCP social network in healthcare sector. Experimental results show that the proposed method based on DCP social network which requires co-designing has the execution time less than that of traditional Azure P2P network. As a second contribution, WG list helps to control the growth of DCP social networks nodes. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7892 Author: Schoonewille, Hugo H., Heijstek, Werner, Chaudron, Michel R.V., K, Thomas, #252 and hne Year: 2011 Title: A cognitive perspective on developer comprehension of software design documentation Conference Name: Proceedings of the 29th ACM international conference on Design of communication Conference Location: Pisa, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 211-218 DOI: 10.1145/2038476.2038517 Place Published: 2038517 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8758 Author: Robbins, J. E. and Redmiles, D. F. Year: 2000 Title: Cognitive support, UML adherence, and XMI interchange in Argo/UML Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 42 Issue: 2 Pages: 79-89 Date: 1/25/ Short Title: Cognitive support, UML adherence, and XMI interchange in Argo/UML ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-5849(99)00083-X Keywords: UML XMI Cognitive support Open-source software Abstract: Software design is a cognitively challenging task. Most software design tools provide support for editing, viewing, storing, and transforming designs, but lack support for the essential and difficult cognitive tasks facing designers. These cognitive tasks include decision-making, decision ordering, and task-specific design understanding. This paper describes Argo/UML, an object-oriented design tool using the unified modeling language (UML) design notation. Argo/UML supports several identified cognitive needs of software designers. This support is provided in the form of design tool features. We describe each feature in the context of Argo/UML and provide enough detail to enable other tool builders to provide similar support in their own tools. We also discuss our implementation of the UML and XMI standards, and our development approach. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095058499900083X Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9093 Author: AlQerm, I., Shihada, B. and Shin, K. G. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: CogWnet: A Resource Management Architecture for Cognitive Wireless Networks Conference Name: 2013 22nd International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN) Pages: 1-7 Date: July 30 2013-Aug. 2 2013 Short Title: CogWnet: A Resource Management Architecture for Cognitive Wireless Networks ISBN: 1095-2055 DOI: 10.1109/ICCCN.2013.6614115 Keywords: channel allocation cognitive radio decision making interference suppression quality of service telecommunication network reliability CogWnet QoS TCP/IP stack layers cognitive resource management architecture cognitive wireless networks communication layer decision making layer integrated hardware architecture interference mitigation policy layer radio environment heterogeneity software architecture spectrum policy regulations Containers Engines Interference Resource management Wireless communication Abstract: With the increasing adoption of wireless communication technologies, there is a need to improve management of existing radio resources. Cognitive radio is a promising technology to improve the utilization of wireless spectrum. Its operating principle is based on building an integrated hardware and software architecture that configures the radio to meet application requirements within the constraints of spectrum policy regulations. However, such an architecture must be able to cope with radio environment heterogeneity. In this paper, we propose a cognitive resource management architecture, called CogWnet, that allocates channels, re-configures radio transmission parameters to meet QoS requirements, ensures reliability, and mitigates interference. The architecture consists of three main layers: Communication Layer, which includes generic interfaces to facilitate the communication between the cognitive architecture and TCP/IP stack layers; Decision-Making Layer, which classifies the stack layers input parameters and runs decision-making optimization algorithms to output optimal transmission parameters; and Policy Layer to enforce policy regulations on the selected part of the spectrum. The efficiency of CogWnet is demonstrated through a testbed implementation and evaluation. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8039 Author: Paulisch, Frances and Zimmerer, Peter Year: 2016 Title: Collaboration of software architect and test architect helps to systematically BRIDGE product lifecycle gap Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Bringing Architectural Design Thinking into Developers' Daily Activities Conference Location: Austin, Texas Publisher: ACM Pages: 11-13 DOI: 10.1145/2896935.2896936 Place Published: 2896936 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8964 Author: Paulisch, F. and Zimmerer, P. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Collaboration of Software Architect and Test Architect Helps to Systematically Bridge Product Lifecycle Gap Conference Name: 2016 IEEE/ACM 1st International Workshop on Bringing Architectural Design Thinking Into Developers' Daily Activities (BRIDGE) Pages: 11-13 Date: 17-17 May 2016 Short Title: Collaboration of Software Architect and Test Architect Helps to Systematically Bridge Product Lifecycle Gap DOI: 10.1109/Bridge.2016.011 Keywords: computer science education life cycle costing on-the-job training program testing software architecture software development management BRIDGE workshop high-level design joint venture low-level implementation organization-wide qualification and training program product lifecycle gap software architect test architect Collaboration Computer architecture Conferences Qualifications Requirements engineering Software Testing Software architecture software architect software testing test architect software engineering education Abstract: In this position paper for the BRIDGE workshop we describe an approach used at Siemens to address the gap between high-level design and low-level implementation. This approach is a key part of our organization-wide qualification and training program for software-related roles. These roles include both a “software architect” and a “test architect” and these roles (as well as other roles) must collaborate closely as a kind of “joint venture”. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8312 Author: Wang, Dawei, Li, Sikun and Dou, Yong Year: 2008 Title: Collaborative hardware/software partition of coarse-grained reconfigurable system using evolutionary ant colony optimization Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2008 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference Conference Location: Seoul, Korea Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Press Pages: 679-684 Place Published: 1356967 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8934 Author: Asensio, J. I., Dimitriadis, Y. A., Heredia, M., Martinez, A., Alvarez, F. J., Blasco, M. T. and Osuna, C. A. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Collaborative learning patterns: assisting the development of component-based CSCL applications Conference Name: 12th Euromicro Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing, 2004. Proceedings. Pages: 218-224 Date: 11-13 Feb. 2004 Short Title: Collaborative learning patterns: assisting the development of component-based CSCL applications ISBN: 1066-6192 DOI: 10.1109/EMPDP.2004.1271448 Keywords: computer aided instruction groupware object-oriented programming software engineering collaborative learning patterns component-based computer supported collaborative learning applications pyramid collaborative learning patterns software design pattern unified process software development methodology Application software Collaborative software Collaborative work Petroleum Programming Proposals Software design Software reusability Software systems Abstract: The creation of a framework of software components and their associated software design patterns would provide great benefits for the development of reusable, flexible, and customizable component-based CSCL applications. The development of such a framework implies that software developers have a proper understanding of the key concepts and principles of the domain of interest. The achievement of this understanding is particularly difficult in the CSCL domain, where there is a big separation among abstractions used by educational science experts and those used by software developers. In order to alleviate this problem, we propose, justifies, and illustrates the use of the so-called collaborative learning patterns: detailed descriptions of well-accepted types of collaborative learning activities defined by collaborative learning experts. We also present the initial steps that would be followed so that software developers identify software components applicable to several types of component-based CSCL applications. All this proposal is illustrated with the jigsaw and pyramid collaborative learning patterns and their use in the development of a real CSCL application according to the unified process software development methodology. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9082 Author: DeFranco-Tommarello, J. and Deek, F. P. Year of Conference: 2002 Title: Collaborative software development: a discussion of problem solving models and groupware technologies Conference Name: Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Pages: 568-577 Date: 7-10 Jan. 2002 Short Title: Collaborative software development: a discussion of problem solving models and groupware technologies DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2002.993937 Keywords: groupware human factors human resource management professional aspects software development management software tools collaboration models collaborative problem solving collaborative problem solving techniques collaborative software development collaborative structures decision making group cognition groupware technologies groupware theory problem solving problem solving model problem solving models psychology software design software development domain software development process teamwork Collaborative software Collaborative tools Collaborative work Heart Paper technology Problem-solving Programming Abstract: Teamwork is always challenging. Adding the complication of problem solving and software design only amplifies this challenge. The challenges of developing software as a team can be reduced by using groupware to coordinate and communicate the intricate details involved in the process. The study sets out to determine if in fact there are tools available to assist in the collaborative problem solving and software development process. It must be understood at the outset that problem solving is at the heart of software development. Without amplifying the collaborative problem solving steps required for developing an effective and efficient solution, a much less then accurate solution will result. The paper provides a review of collaborative problem solving techniques and groupware in the software development domain, covering both methodology and technology. There are three areas of focus in the paper: collaborative problem solving and decision making; groupware theory and tools; and group cognition and psychology. The review is followed by analysis of the collaboration models and tools as well as their potential impact on software development. The paper ends with a discussion of future work that will include developing a tool which incorporates a problem solving model and collaborative structures for the software development domain. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7846 Author: Groher, Iris and Weinreich, Rainer Year: 2015 Title: Collecting Requirements and Ideas for Architectural Group Decision-Making Based on Four Approaches Editor: Weyns, Danny, Mirandola, Raffaela and Crnkovic, Ivica Book Title: Software Architecture: 9th European Conference, ECSA 2015, Dubrovnik/Cavtat, Croatia, September 7-11, 2015. Proceedings Place Published: Cham Publisher: Springer International Publishing Pages: 181-192 Short Title: Collecting Requirements and Ideas for Architectural Group Decision-Making Based on Four Approaches ISBN: 978-3-319-23727-5 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-23727-5_15 Label: Groher2015 Abstract: To collect requirements and ideas for architectural group decision-making (GDM), we present and analyze four different approaches to GDM that were developed by master’s students in a practical course at our university. The students involved had about five years of practical experience on average, and roughly 80 % of the students were working as software engineers while enrolled. We analyze the four approaches based on the criteria for evaluating approaches to architectural GDM defined by Rekha and Muccini; nearly all approaches fulfilled most criteria. Two criteria – support for conflict resolution and revisiting information – were partly addressed. The criterion of prioritizing group members was not addressed at all. The student-developed approaches provided some new ideas for architectural GDM, such as communication between stakeholders directly in the GDM tool and review of decisions after they have been made. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23727-5_15 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9234 Author: Mcheick, H. and Yan, Qi Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Combination of connectors with loosely coupled architecture based on aspect-oriented computing Conference Name: 2012 International Conference on Communications and Information Technology (ICCIT) Pages: 97-101 Date: 26-28 June 2012 Short Title: Combination of connectors with loosely coupled architecture based on aspect-oriented computing DOI: 10.1109/ICCITechnol.2012.6285850 Keywords: Java aspect-oriented programming computational complexity distributed processing middleware shared memory systems software architecture AOP technology AspectJ UDP Socket aspect-oriented computing design pattern distributed systems large scale software systems loosely coupled architecture loosely coupled system architecture publish-subscribe design pattern shared memory software complexity systems architectures Computer architecture Connectors Programming Protocols Publish-subscribe AOP Connector Message passing Abstract: Software architecture has a vital role in achieving quality goals for large scale software systems which is made up of components and connectors. For reducing the complexity of software, components and connectors are applied to understanding, designing, and implementing software, especially connectors residing in distributed systems. To satisfy requirements of interaction between various components, it is time and cost consuming process to create a connector. In particular, it is often difficult to select only one type of connector to develop connectors in distributed systems. To address the difficulties, our research focuses on the issue: how do traditional types of connectors, in combination with new technologies in distributed systems, provide systems architectures with loosely coupled structures. In this paper, we propose an approach to the combination of connectors in order to provide distributed systems with loosely coupled interaction. Our approach involves AOP technology and design pattern, as well as messaging systems. In the end, we present an example of our approach in which we show a connector designed by combining the AspectJ, shared memory, UDP Socket and publish-subscribe design pattern with the aim of designing a loosely coupled system architecture. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8098 Author: Maras, Josip, Ljiljana, #352, eri, #263, Maja, #352, tula, Uki, Nenad and #263 Year: 2015 Title: Combining education, industry, and empirical studies in Software Engineering: an experience report Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-5 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797472 Place Published: 2797472 Abstract: Software industry is one of the most pervasive industries today and has a great impact on our day-to-day lives. At the same time, the quality of software systems is directly related to the quality of software engineers -- it is the responsibility of software engineering educators to provide students with relevant skills needed for the development of high-quality software systems. Amongst the cornerstones of developing high-quality software systems are industry-relevant experience and the ability to quantify certain aspects of the software development process. In this paper, we describe our experience of performing an empirical study on students, during a software engineering course, on an industry-relevant topic taught by an industry expert -- the understandability of models in model-driven engineering. Notes: on students - exclusion Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8062 Author: Ocker, Rosalie J. and Fjermestad, Jerry Year: 2008 Title: Communication differences in virtual design teams: findings from a multi-method analysis of high and low performing experimental teams Journal: SIGMIS Database Volume: 39 Issue: 1 Pages: 51-67 Short Title: Communication differences in virtual design teams: findings from a multi-method analysis of high and low performing experimental teams ISSN: 0095-0033 DOI: 10.1145/1341971.1341977 Legal Note: 1341977 Abstract: This multi-method study distinguishes between four high performing and four low performing fully distributed virtual design teams, through an analysis of their asynchronous communication. Results indicate that these teams were similar in terms of the number of messages exchanged, the amount of communication devoted to aspects of design, and the amount and proportion of communication spent on team coordination, supportive commentary, and "other" topics. However, high performing teams were more verbose---they communicated more words. They also spent less time in brainstorming activities. Rather, high performing teams engaged in more critical commentary and active debate, compared to low performing teams. High performing teams conducted more in-depth discussions in the form of argumentation, as ideas were developed through an interactive debate of the pros and cons of issues. This debate resulted in the need for summaries, which served a dual role as they became intermediate steps in the process of writing the report deliverable Notes: students 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://2982054805/Communication differences in virtual design te.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9419 Author: Oliveira, C. and Wermelinger, M. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: The CommUnity workbench Conference Name: Proceedings. 26th International Conference on Software Engineering Pages: 709-710 Date: 23-28 May 2004 Short Title: The CommUnity workbench ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.2004.1317499 Keywords: formal specification program visualisation software architecture CommUnity workbench Goguen categorical approach Unity programs graphical visualization open systems parallel program design language reconfigurable systems systems theory textual specification Calculus Client-server systems Computer architecture Connectors Distributed computing Printers Scholarships Topology Visualization Abstract: CommUnity proposes a formal approach to software architecture. It uses a parallel program design language in the style of Unity programs (Chandy and Misra, 1988), combining elements from IP (Francez and Forman, 1996). The concepts of software architecture - including configuration, connection, connector, component, instantiation - are clearly defined. CommUnity was initially developed to show how programs fit into Goguen's categorical approach to general systems theory. Since then, the language and its framework have been extended to provide a formal platform for the architectural design of open and reconfigurable systems (Fiadeiro et al., 2003). This paper describes an extension of a previous demo we presented at ICSE'02 (Wermelinger and Oliveira, 2002). This extension concerns: connectors; a graphical mode to visualize and/or update interactions; an expert utility to save the whole architecture or just some connectors as a textual specification which can then be easily read without the tool; the distribution and mobility constructs. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9418 Author: Rodríguez, L. M. G., Ampatzoglou, A., Avgeriou, P. and Nakagawa, E. Y. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: A Comparative Analysis of Reference Architectures for Healthcare in the Ambient Assisted Living Domain Conference Name: 2015 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems Pages: 270-275 Date: 22-25 June 2015 Short Title: A Comparative Analysis of Reference Architectures for Healthcare in the Ambient Assisted Living Domain ISBN: 1063-7125 DOI: 10.1109/CBMS.2015.29 Keywords: assisted living geriatrics medical computing patient care software architecture AAL domain AAL systems Ambient Assisted Living systems design expertise economical issues health-related activities healthcare RA healthcare issues healthcare systems intensive care population aging reference architectures social issues software projects software system development software system evolution software system standardization Computer architecture Guidelines Medical services Monitoring Software systems Standards Ambient Assisted Living Healthcare Interoperability Reference Architecture Abstract: Population aging has brought important challenges at social, economical, and healthcare issues, mainly due to the increasing number of people that need intensive care. Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems that aim at assisting people in their health-related activities have emerged. In another perspective, Reference Architectures (RAs) are a special type of software architecture that promotes reuse of design expertise and facilitates the development, standardization, and evolution of software systems. During the last years, important RAs for AAL systems have been created. However, there is a lack of studies that compare RAs for healthcare systems in AAL domain, making the selection among RAs a rather difficult task. In this paper, we present a comparative analysis and evaluate the completeness of that healthcare RAs. Specifically, we intend to offer: (i) a guide to select the most complete and adequate RA for software projects, and (ii) to describe research directions to improve existing and future RAs for that systems. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8125 Author: Exter, Marisa Year: 2014 Title: Comparing educational experiences and on-the-job needs of educational software designers Conference Name: Proceedings of the 45th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education Conference Location: Atlanta, Georgia, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 355-360 DOI: 10.1145/2538862.2538970 Place Published: 2538970 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8121 Author: Schroeder, Jan, Berger, Christian, Herpel, Thomas and Staron, Miroslaw Year: 2015 Title: Comparing the applicability of complexity measurements for simulink models during integration testing: an industrial case study Conference Name: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Software Architecture and Metrics Conference Location: Florence, Italy Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 35-40 Place Published: 2821335 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8669 Author: Zhao, M., Wohlin, C., Ohlsson, N. and Xie, M. Year: 1998 Title: A comparison between software design and code metrics for the prediction of software fault content Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 40 Issue: 14 Pages: 801-809 Date: 12/1/ Short Title: A comparison between software design and code metrics for the prediction of software fault content ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-5849(98)00098-6 Keywords: Software metrics Correlation analysis Fault prediction Metric selection Regression analysis Abstract: Software metrics play an important role in measuring the quality of software. It is desirable to predict the quality of software as early as possible, and hence metrics have to be collected early as well. This raises a number of questions that has not been fully answered. In this paper we discuss, prediction of fault content and try to answer what type of metrics should be collected, to what extent design metrics can be used for prediction, and to what degree prediction accuracy can be improved if code metrics are included. Based on a data set collected from a real project, we found that both design and code metrics are correlated with the number of faults. When the metrics are used to build prediction models of the number of faults, the design metrics are as good as the code metrics, little improvement can be achieved if both design metrics and code metrics are used to model the relationship between the number of faults and the software metrics. The empirical results from this study indicate that the structural properties of the software influencing the fault content is established before the coding phase. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584998000986 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8888 Author: Bittencourt, R. A. and Guerrero, D. D. S. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Comparison of Graph Clustering Algorithms for Recovering Software Architecture Module Views Conference Name: 2009 13th European Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering Pages: 251-254 Date: 24-27 March 2009 Short Title: Comparison of Graph Clustering Algorithms for Recovering Software Architecture Module Views ISBN: 1534-5351 DOI: 10.1109/CSMR.2009.28 Keywords: graph theory pattern clustering software architecture system recovery authoritativeness automated clustering techniques cluster distribution expert-assisted architecture recovery process graph clustering algorithms k-means algorithm modularization quality algorithm software architecture module views software architecture recovery Algorithm design and analysis Clustering algorithms Computer architecture Data mining Extremities Partitioning algorithms Software algorithms Software maintenance Stability criteria architecture module views architecture recovery graph clustering reverse engineering Abstract: In the domain of software architecture recovery, classical clustering algorithms have been used to recover module views, while new ones have been proposed to tackle specific software architecture issues. Nonetheless, little information concerning their empirical evaluation in this context is presently available. This paper presents an empirical study that evaluates four clustering algorithms according to three previously proposed criteria: extremity of cluster distribution, authoritativeness, and stability, which were measured against consecutive releases of four different systems. Our results suggest that the k-means algorithm performs best in terms of authoritativeness and extremity and that the modularization quality algorithm produces more stable clusters. They also point out that fully automated clustering techniques alone cannot recover module views in a sensible way, but may provide a reasonable first step to speed up an expert-assisted architecture recovery process. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9170 Author: Xu, T., Liu, Z., Tang, T., Zheng, W. and Zhao, L. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Component Based Design of Fault Tolerant Devices in Cyber Physical System Conference Name: 2012 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing Workshops Pages: 37-42 Date: 11-11 April 2012 Short Title: Component Based Design of Fault Tolerant Devices in Cyber Physical System DOI: 10.1109/ISORCW.2012.17 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language fault trees object-oriented programming program verification railways safety-critical software software architecture software fault tolerance software quality component based design component based development component fault tree cyber physical system fault tolerant devices fault tolerant patterns fault tolerant software architecture fault tolerant systems large scale software system odemetry safe system product quality safety critical systems software complexity software engineering system safety analysis system safety engineering systematical validation systematical verification train control domain unified formal framework unified rigorous development process Acceleration Fault tolerance Hazards Sensor fusion Fault Tolerant Train Control Systems Abstract: The complexity of software in safety critical systems has increased significantly over the last ten years so that how to tackle the complexity and gain high dependable software plays an important roles in ensuring the overall product quality. In this context, component based development (CBD) has been successfully applied to large scale software system in the fields of Software Engineering. Similarly, System Safety Analysis (SSA) has also gained wide used in critical systems in the fields of System Safety Engineering. But they often used their methodology in isolation. Furthermore, shortage of unified formal framework to bridge the gap between the CBD and SSA make it hard to integrate them into a unified rigorous development process for safety critical systems. This paper describes a new approach called Component Fault Tree and Fault Tolerant pattern guided Fault Tolerant Software Architecture (CFT3SA), which bridge the gap between CBD and SSA to realize the seamless integration of CBD and SSA. Furthermore, the formal definitions of Component Fault Tree, Fault tolerant Pattern underpin the systematical verification and validation of fault tolerant systems. A case study from the Odemetry Safe System in the train control domain has been used to valuate the feasibility of the proposed fault tolerant software architectural solution. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9048 Author: Budgen, D. and Pohthong, A. Year of Conference: 1999 Title: Component reuse in software design: an observational study Conference Name: Software Technology and Engineering Practice, 1999. STEP '99. Proceedings Pages: 63-72 Date: 1999 Short Title: Component reuse in software design: an observational study DOI: 10.1109/STEP.1999.798480 Keywords: Unix software reusability subroutines system documentation Unix processes component documentation component-based software development goodness of fit opportunistic strategy software component reuse software design software engineering research Component architectures Computer science Decision making Design methodology Documentation Electrical capacitance tomography Electronic switching systems Process design Programming Abstract: The adoption of a component-based strategy for software development is likely to require a major paradigm shift in design practices in order to incorporate such factors as reuse and goodness of fit. This paper describes an empirical study that we have performed to investigate how designers' strategies evolve when using Unix processes as components. Our results suggest that, as they gain confidence, designers adopt a more strongly opportunistic strategy, and we particularly identify the importance of having access to component documentation when making design decisions, regardless of a designer's detailed solution strategy. We conclude by identifying some of the attributes that will be needed in any tools and environments that are intended to support component-based software development, and discuss the role that studies of this type can play in software engineering research Notes: students 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://4163133649/Component reuse in software design an observat.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8937 Author: Chen, L., Huang, L. and Li, C. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Component Substitutability Behavior Consistency Verification Based on Architecture-driven Development Conference Name: 2012 IEEE 26th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium Workshops & PhD Forum Pages: 1556-1562 Date: 21-25 May 2012 Short Title: Component Substitutability Behavior Consistency Verification Based on Architecture-driven Development DOI: 10.1109/IPDPSW.2012.196 Keywords: distributed processing formal specification formal verification object-oriented programming pi calculus software architecture π -ADL architecture description language architecture-driven development component substitutability behavior consistency verification component-based software development dependable software architecture design distributed environment higher-order π -calculus semantic correctness software engineering software systems Authentication Computer architecture Connectors Semantics Syntactics Higher-order p-Calculus behavior consistency dependability p-ADL Abstract: Component-based software development (short for CBSD) is to develop software systems by choosing appropriate components in the distributed environment to assemble a dependable software architecture, which satisfies requirements. This new paradigm plays a key role in the software engineering and also brings new challenges to the dependable software architecture design. In this paper, firstly we introduce an architecture description language-π-ADL to specify the software architecture based on component. Secondly based on Higher-Order π-calculus, we give a formal method to verify the behavior consistency of component substitutability. In this way, we can forecast errors and enhance the semantic correctness of the software architecture from the design stage. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8052 Author: Melo, Felipe Martins, #193 and lvaro Pereira, Jr. Year: 2011 Title: A component-based open-source framework for general-purpose recommender systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 14th international ACM Sigsoft symposium on Component based software engineering Conference Location: Boulder, Colorado, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 67-72 DOI: 10.1145/2000229.2000239 Place Published: 2000239 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9644 Author: Jiang, M. and Yang, Z. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: A Component-Based Service Creation Framework for Mobile Applications Conference Name: 2006 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse & Integration Pages: 307-312 Date: 16-18 Sept. 2006 Short Title: A Component-Based Service Creation Framework for Mobile Applications DOI: 10.1109/IRI.2006.252431 Keywords: mobile computing object-oriented programming J2EE UML component-based design component-based service creation high level design abstraction message service mobile application mobile data services Access protocols Application software Computer architecture Mobile communication Software maintenance Unified modeling language Wireless application protocol Wireless communication message services Abstract: The design and development of mobile data services is a complex undertaking that demands expertise from system architecture, software design, wireless communication protocols, to the integration of legacy systems. Service designers have to deal with various aspects and issues at both system and application levels where the complexity and heterogeneity of the network infrastructure have to be considered. This paper describes a component-based service creation framework to simplify the design and development of mobile data services. With high level design abstraction, constraints of application domains, and the guidance of domain rules, a component-based framework enables rapid creation of mobile data services. Case studies which show the development and deployment of mobile applications are presented Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8190 Author: Riehle, Dirk Year: 1997 Title: Composite design patterns Journal: SIGPLAN Not. Volume: 32 Issue: 10 Pages: 218-228 Short Title: Composite design patterns ISSN: 0362-1340 DOI: 10.1145/263700.263739 Legal Note: 263739 Abstract: Software design patterns are the core abstractions from successful recurring problem solutions in software design. Composite design patterns are the core abstractions from successful recurring frameworks. A composite design pattern is a pattern that is best described as the composition of further patterns the integration of which shows a synergy that makes the composition more than just the sum of its parts. This paper presents examples of composite patterns, discusses a role-based analysis and composition technique, and demonstrates that composite patterns extend the pattern idea from single problem solutions to object-oriented frameworks. Notes: just example of patterns Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8191 Author: Riehle, Dirk Year: 1997 Title: Composite design patterns Conference Name: Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications Conference Location: Atlanta, Georgia, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 218-228 DOI: 10.1145/263698.263739 Place Published: 263739 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7969 Author: Ohlenbusch, Helgo M. and Heineman, George T. Year: 1998 Title: Composition and interfaces within software architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1998 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research Conference Location: Toronto, Ontario, Canada Publisher: IBM Press Pages: 17 Place Published: 783177 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8654 Author: Huang, He-Qing, Yong-Jing, Lu, Lin, Qing-Mei, Zhou, Hui-Qin and Huang, Lin Year: 2007 Title: Composition, Structure and Function from Endopeptidease of Aplysia Egg Analyzed with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry Journal: Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry Volume: 35 Issue: 8 Pages: 1105-1110 Date: 8// Short Title: Composition, Structure and Function from Endopeptidease of Aplysia Egg Analyzed with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry ISSN: 1872-2040 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2040(07)60072-3 Keywords: Aplysia Endopeptidase Mass spectrometry Attractin Insulin Abstract: Endopeptidase of Aplysia egg (AEE) was purified on two column chromatography of both DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-150 for analysis of mass spectrometry. SDS-PAGE revealed the AEE purity and the molecular weight of its subunit at 39.0 kDa, called AEE39. The results from matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) showed that AEE39 consisted of single subunit type [M], indicating that the ratio of mass to change (m/z) in AEE39 was 12738.17, 18108.79 and 38221.42, providing molecular formula [M + 3H]3+, [M + 2H]2+ and [M + H]+. Using probe of insulin, a combined technology of metal cheater EDTA and MALDI-TOF-MS was employed to measure the molecular weight in AEE39 and to identify its metal type, which showed an accurate molecular weight of 38221.42 Da and found metal zinc in AEE39. AEE39 has the capacity for degrading INS, which provided cleavage peptides measured with MALDI-TOF MS at m/z 1449.51, 2085.84, 4080.41 and 4165.42. Special software designed by the author was used to analyze the amino acids sequences of degradation produces and to identify the cleavage sites in INS. As a conclusion, it was found that the best cleavage site that degraded with AEE39 was Leu-X (X: residues of amino acid) in INS, followed by Glu-X. In addition, the results indicated that Phen-X, Asn-X and Ser-X in INS can also be degraded by the endopeptidase. By comparing the molecular structures of both INS and attractin, it was found that one of the main functions in AEE39 was responsible for degrading the attractin in eggs, which may play an important role in informational intercourse, recalling, recognizing, and mating. In addition, AEE39 had another novel function for degrading Leu-Leu in acidic peptide. AEE39 is a multifunctional ednopeptidase. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1872204007600723 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9208 Author: Keller, R. K. and Schauer, R. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: A compositional approach to software design Conference Name: Proceedings of the Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Volume: 5 Pages: 386-395 vol.5 Date: 6-9 Jan 1998 Short Title: A compositional approach to software design DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.1998.648334 Keywords: object-oriented methods software quality software reusability subroutines changeable software architectures component software models component-based software development compositional approach concreteness design components design composition design environment design process formal expertise independently evolving building blocks informal expertise object-oriented design prefabricated configurable building blocks reified design patterns reusable software architectures scope software design specificity systems implementation Application software Assembly Councils Electronic mail Object oriented modeling Process design Programming profession Software engineering Abstract: Component software models promote software development by the assembly of prefabricated, configurable and independently evolving building blocks. Although effective for systems implementation, this approach is inadequate for the creation of reusable and changeable software architectures. Design patterns address these shortcomings of component-based software development by capturing the formal and informal expertise that is necessary for a reusable solution to a recurring problem. However, so far, there is no methodical approach to providing these building blocks in a tangible, flexible and composable form. To address this limitation, we introduce design components, which are reified design patterns fitted for component software. We detail the activities of design composition and illustrate them as a process within a 3D space of concreteness, specificity and scope. To evaluate design components and put them into perspective, we discuss their contribution in respect to important software quality properties Notes: just example - not skill Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7978 Author: Dashofy, Eric M., Andr, #233, Hoek, van der and Taylor, Richard N. Year: 2005 Title: A comprehensive approach for the development of modular software architecture description languages Journal: ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. Volume: 14 Issue: 2 Pages: 199-245 Short Title: A comprehensive approach for the development of modular software architecture description languages ISSN: 1049-331X DOI: 10.1145/1061254.1061258 Legal Note: 1061258 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9625 Author: Burger, M., Bischof, C. and Wackerfuß, J. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Compressed symmetric graphs for the simulation of super carbon nanotubes Conference Name: 2016 International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS) Pages: 286-293 Date: 18-22 July 2016 Short Title: Compressed symmetric graphs for the simulation of super carbon nanotubes DOI: 10.1109/HPCSim.2016.7568348 Keywords: cache storage carbon nanotubes compressive strength digital simulation graph theory matrix algebra mechanical engineering computing random-access storage CSG HPC system OpenMP parallelization RAM SCNT compressed symmetric graphs compression ratios data access-time graph algebra graph model graph structure high performance computing matrix-free solving approach mechanical behavior simulation parallelizable data structure rotational symmetry software-controlled cache structural symmetry super carbon nanotubes simulation translational symmetry Algebra Carbon Data structures Electron tubes Indexes Junctions Load Balancing and Sharing Modeling and Simulation using HPC Systems Abstract: In this paper, we present an extremely space-saving, yet parallelizable, data structure called Compressed Symmetric Graphs (CSGs) for the simulation of Super Carbon Nanotubes (SCNTs) modeled by a graph algebra. CSGs can drastically reduce the amount of data to represent a SCNT by exploiting inherent symmetry and hierarchy to dynamically reconstruct symmetric parts from base elements as needed. This new graph structure is integrated in an existing matrix-free solving approach for simulating the mechanical behavior of SCNTs. We extend previous investigations on structural symmetry in SCNTs to now simultaneously exploit translational and rotational symmetry, thus multiplying their effects. As a result, we can reach compression ratios of over 100 for some SCNT configurations. The memory demand is further reduced by replacing the m-tuples identifying the nodes in the graph model via a structure-related compression by a serial index that can be unfolded on demand. Finally, we use still available RAM as a software-controlled cache for storing intermediate values, reducing recomputations. In this fashion, our code can represent very large configurations, but makes optimal use of the hardware at hand. We investigate for order 0 and 1 SCNTs the impact of the data access-time in CSGs on the total runtime and a suitable OpenMP parallelization strategy for minimizing this influence. We demonstrate that as a result, the new CSGs approach significantly reduces the runtime, by a factor between 1.3 and 12. While the graph algebra underlying this work was designed for the representation of SCNTs, we believe that the algorithmic principles with respect to the exploitation of structure and efficient software design are relevant to other graph settings, where hierarchy and replication play an important role in the graph design. In these cases, CSGs can help to overcome the per node/core memory-capacity limitation of current HPC systems. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9346 Author: Nguyen, S. M., Tanguy, P. and Remy-Neris, O. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Computational architecture of a robot coach for physical exercises in kinaesthetic rehabilitation Conference Name: 2016 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN) Pages: 1138-1143 Date: 26-31 Aug. 2016 Short Title: Computational architecture of a robot coach for physical exercises in kinaesthetic rehabilitation DOI: 10.1109/ROMAN.2016.7745251 Keywords: Gaussian processes human-robot interaction intelligent robots learning (artificial intelligence) medical robotics mixture models patient rehabilitation Gaussian mixture models computational architecture imitation learning techniques kinaesthetic rehabilitation medical experts physical rehabilitation exercise robot coach software architecture Back Gaussian mixture model Pain Robot sensing systems Senior citizens Abstract: The rising number of the elderly incurs growing concern about healthcare, and in particular rehabilitation healthcare. Assistive technology and and assistive robotics in particular may help to improve this process. We develop a robot coach capable of demonstrating rehabilitation exercises to patients, watch a patient carry out the exercises and give him feedback so as to improve his performance and encourage him. We propose a general software architecture for our robot coach, which is based on imitation learning techniques using Gaussian Mixture Models. Our system is thus easily programmable by medical experts without specific robotics knowledge, as well as capable of personalised audio feedback to patients indicating useful information to improve on their physical rehabilitation exercise. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9403 Author: Ye, Bangyan and Zhou, Zehua Year of Conference: 1994 Title: Computer aided real time testing and evaluating for machined surface profile parameters Conference Name: Industrial Technology, 1994., Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Pages: 414-417 Date: 5-9 Dec 1994 Short Title: Computer aided real time testing and evaluating for machined surface profile parameters DOI: 10.1109/ICIT.1994.467084 Keywords: machining manufacturing data processing production control production testing real-time systems self-adjusting systems data processing machined surface profile parameter analysis real time testing self-adaptive measurement Computer displays Computer graphics Real time systems Sampling methods Surface resistance Surface topography Testing Time measurement Abstract: Correct measurement and evaluation of machined surface profile parameters plays an important role in production of machine parts. In this study, a computer aided real time analyzing system for determining the parameters of machined surface profile is introduced as well as the software design. In this system, the real time data processing and self-adaptive measurement technique are applied. As a result the input operation of the measurement is reduced to the minimum and the accuracy of the measurements increased Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8700 Author: Antonov, A., Ratchev, B., Iwanov, S., Nikolov, N., Nikolov, W. and Stojtschev, L. Year: 1988 Title: Computer Architecture and Software Design of a Distributed Digital Integrating Machine Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 21 Issue: 19 Pages: 221-226 Date: 6// Short Title: Computer Architecture and Software Design of a Distributed Digital Integrating Machine ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)54496-1 Keywords: computer architecture Differential analysers Partial differential equations Microprocessors Microprogramming Symbolic programming Symmetrical System of Shannon Equations (SSSE) Abstract: Computer integrating environments, based on differential equation of Shannon. have been successfully tested as a processing mechanism for the implementation of distributed homogeneous integrating networks in several fields of control system applications . The paper presents the mathematical models. the architecture. the microprogram design and the symbolic programming system of a distributed digital integrating machine. based on fast 16 - bit bipolar microprogrammed microprocessors. which homogeneous parallel integrating structures. After a short introduction in the mathematical theory the working power of the basic computing elements (DDA, servo-adder, comparator), the internal structure of the basic integrating modules, their microprogram design and the internal and external programmable commutation mechanism are explained. An expert system for programming of the machine, implemented in Prolog on IBM-PC, which determines by symbolic equation transformation the connections in the structure and the initial integrating values, is discussed. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017544961 Access Date: 1988/7// Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8703 Author: Hardt, Shoshana L. and MacFadden, Douglas H. Year: 1987 Title: Computer assisted psychiatric diagnosis: Experiments in software design Journal: Computers in Biology and Medicine Volume: 17 Issue: 4 Pages: 229-237 Date: // Short Title: Computer assisted psychiatric diagnosis: Experiments in software design ISSN: 0010-4825 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4825(87)90009-6 Keywords: Knowledge based systems Computer aided diagnosis Psychiatric diagnosis Expert systems in medicine Artificial Intelligence (AI) Abstract: The process of psychiatric diagnosis involves the real-time utilization of large amounts of knowledge to maintain and test multiple hypotheses. Therefore, the development of an on-line computerized assistant that can aid a clinician performing psychiatric diagnoses presents challenging problems in data-base organization and retrieval. We have developed the DUNE (Diagnostic Understanding of Natural Events) system architecture that organizes the knowledge around processing structures. The system was designed as a shell for expert-systems that aid diagnoses and assessment tasks in ill-structured domains in general. These domains have previously proven unfeasible for traditional expert-systems such as rule based systems. Currently, DUNE contains sufficient knowledge to aid the diagnosis of anxiety and affective disorders. Among DUNE's advantages: a large degree of tolerance to clinician errors, and flexibility at run time. In this paper, we discuss the general specifications for a program that can aid psychiatric diagnoses, and then describe DUNE and its capabilities. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0010482587900096 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8650 Author: Lanzetta, M., Santochi, M. and Tantussi, G. Year: 1999 Title: Computer-Aided Visual Inspection in Assembly Journal: CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology Volume: 48 Issue: 1 Pages: 13-16 Date: // Short Title: Computer-Aided Visual Inspection in Assembly ISSN: 0007-8506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)63121-7 Keywords: Assembly Visual inspection Image analysis algorithm Abstract: Some of the more critical aspects for the diffusion of vision systems in assembly plants are the skill required for the system set-up, the definition of algorithms and the programming phase. In this paper a new methodology is proposed to reduce the implementation time and cost by means of a computer-aided system working off-line. The designed system named CAVIS (Computer Aided Visual Inspection System) integrates several modules as product and algorithm databases, expert system for decision support, CAD modeller to generate synthetic images and software design. Some of the modules are still at a development stage. The output are the vision devices configuration and the inspection software. CAVIS has been tested on an industrial application for error detection in assembly: a new general-purpose algorithm for visual inspection is presented and results are discussed. The main features of the algorithm are suitable with the described approach: easy programming, unnecessary vision operator's experience, and off-line preliminary estimation of parameters. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007850607631217 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8708 Author: Klar, R. and Bayer, U. Year: 1990 Title: Computer-assisted teaching and learning in medicine Journal: International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing Volume: 26 Issue: 1–2 Pages: 7-27 Date: 7// Short Title: Computer-assisted teaching and learning in medicine ISSN: 0020-7101 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7101(90)90016-N Keywords: Computer-assisted instruction Simulation Learning software Medical education Expert systems Quality criteria Abstract: Induced mainly by the increased spreading of personal computers in the last few years computer-assisted instruction (CAI) systems for medicine have been developed on a large scale. Proven structure principles are above all the simulation of patient management in a problem-orientated approach, the mathematical simulation of (patho-) physiological functions independent of particular patients and the separation of educational mode and scoring mode. There exists already a large choice in programs dealing with topics of internal medicine — especially cardiology — while operative disciplines are less represented so far. Programs accredited in the US for continuing medical education (CME) are usually of high quality as to medical contents. Other important quality criteria to be mentioned concerning simulation programs are algorithms of medical decision making, completeness and refinement of the medical knowledge base, software design and user interface. CAI is a unique tool to enhance clinical problem solving skills although — of course — it can by no means replace bedside teaching. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002071019090016N Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8258 Author: Wolz, Ursula, Palme, Jacob, Anderson, Penny, Chen, Zhi, Dunne, James, G\, \#246, Karlsson, ran, Laribi, Atika, M\, Sirkku, \#228, nnikk\, \#246, Spielvogel, Robert and Walker, Henry Year: 1997 Title: Computer-mediated communication in collaborative educational settings: report of the ITiCSE '97 working group on CMC in collaborative educational settings Journal: SIGCUE Outlook Volume: 25 Issue: 4 Pages: 51-68 Short Title: Computer-mediated communication in collaborative educational settings: report of the ITiCSE '97 working group on CMC in collaborative educational settings ISSN: 0163-5735 DOI: 10.1145/274382.274385 Legal Note: 274385 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8309 Author: Fr, #233, #233, Jourde, ric, Laurillau, Yann, Nigay, Laurence and Moran, Alberto Year: 2008 Title: Conception de systèmes collaboratifs multimodaux: analyse comparative de notations Conference Name: Proceedings of the 20th Conference on l'Interaction Homme-Machine Conference Location: Metz, France Publisher: ACM Pages: 121-128 DOI: 10.1145/1512714.1512738 Place Published: 1512738 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7977 Author: Orlic, Bojan, Mak, Rudolf, David, Ionut and Lukkien, Johan Year: 2011 Title: Concepts and diagram elements for architectural knowledge management Conference Name: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Essen, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-10 DOI: 10.1145/2031759.2031763 Place Published: 2031763 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8567 Author: Forrester, Michael A. Year: 1991 Title: A conceptual framework for investigating learning in conversations Journal: Computers & Education Volume: 17 Issue: 1 Pages: 61-72 Date: // Short Title: A conceptual framework for investigating learning in conversations ISSN: 0360-1315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1315(91)90073-Z Abstract: In response to the formidable problems involved in understanding the learning process and identifying evaluation principles, a case is made for conceptually distinguishing between learning as performance and the learning process. The role of conversation and the learning process is then considered and a conceptual framework for the study of conversation outlined. Three aspects are emphasized: conversation as model, conversation as medium and conversation as criteria. Within this framework a model of conversational participation and the learning process is proposed and exemplars of where it may usefully be applied suggested. Throughout, the implications of this view for software design are considered. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/036013159190073Z Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7865 Author: Liu, Hong and Gluch, David P. Year: 2004 Title: Conceptual modeling with the object-process methodology in software architecture Journal: J. Comput. Sci. Coll. Volume: 19 Issue: 3 Pages: 10-21 Short Title: Conceptual modeling with the object-process methodology in software architecture ISSN: 1937-4771 Legal Note: 948836 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9130 Author: Angel, J. M., C, G. E. Bravo and R, F. De la Rosa Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Conceptualization of Human Soccer Concepts to Robotic Soccer Architecture Conference Name: 2010 IEEE Electronics, Robotics and Automotive Mechanics Conference Pages: 502-507 Date: Sept. 28 2010-Oct. 1 2010 Short Title: Conceptualization of Human Soccer Concepts to Robotic Soccer Architecture DOI: 10.1109/CERMA.2010.62 Keywords: mobile robots multi-robot systems software architecture RoboCup human soccer coach human soccer concepts robotic soccer architecture Compounds Data structures Games Humans Robot kinematics Human Soccer Robot Soccer Role Strategy Tactic Abstract: In order to build a software architecture suitable to robotic soccer, it is necessary to model the base concepts of human soccer. In human soccer, the coach plays an important role in planning the moves, tactics and strategies to prepare its team to a match, while in robotic soccer the coach usually does not exist. The architecture must be concerned by concepts like coach, player, player's role, play/move, formation, tactic and strategy, in order to plan and play "correctly" a match. Although there exists other works using these terms, their definitions are not standardized, leading to confusion because they use the same term for different concepts. We propose a definition closer to human soccer facilitating the description of particular instances of players, tactics and strategies. In this way, a human soccer coach can express his ideas and apply them to a robotic soccer match. This paper presents these definitions, their relationships and their application helping the coach to describe his team, his strategies and to deal with the match dynamics. Software process will be used to build architecture and to implement the system. This system will be tested in the simulation category of Robo Cup. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9405 Author: Se-Hung, Kwak and Thornton, F. P. B. Year of Conference: 1994 Title: A concurrent, object-oriented implementation for the tactical level of the rational behavior model software architecture for UUV control Conference Name: Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology, 1994. AUV '94., Proceedings of the 1994 Symposium on Pages: 54-60 Date: 19-20 Jul 1994 Short Title: A concurrent, object-oriented implementation for the tactical level of the rational behavior model software architecture for UUV control DOI: 10.1109/AUV.1994.518606 Keywords: digital simulation marine systems mobile robots object-oriented methods path planning Ada task construct NPS AUV high fidelity dynamic simulator UUV control autonomous underwater vehicles behavior activations concurrent object-oriented implementation execution levels rational behavior model software architecture robotic vehicles strategic level tactical level Bridges Computer science Concurrent computing Object oriented modeling Remotely operated vehicles Software architecture Underwater vehicles Vehicle dynamics Watches Abstract: The rational behavior model (RBM) is a tri-level, multiparadigm software architecture for robotic vehicles, such as autonomous underwater vehicles. Among the RBM's strategic, tactical, and execution levels, the tactical level performs a role to bridge the strategic and execution levels. That is, it provides behaviors to the strategic level and controls the execution level based on the commands (behavior activations) from the strategic level. To meet these requirements while maintaining non-interrupted vehicle operation, the tactical level has to be able to handle the concurrently operating behaviors. This paper describes a concurrent, object-oriented implementation for the tactical level of the NPS autonomous underwater vehicle with use of the Ada task construct. This paper also presents evaluation scenarios and results obtained from the NPS AUV high fidelity dynamic simulator Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8836 Author: Monti, S., Nesci, W., Angellotti, S., Schellino, C., Seminara, M. and Wuesthenagen, R. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Configuration and Change Management of the Outcomes of an Automotive Engine Control Model Based Software Design Process Conference Name: 2008 32nd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference Pages: 1065-1069 Date: July 28 2008-Aug. 1 2008 Short Title: Configuration and Change Management of the Outcomes of an Automotive Engine Control Model Based Software Design Process ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2008.109 Keywords: automotive components control engineering computing engines program compilers software engineering automotive engine control change management embedded controllers hand-coded software model compilers process assessment models production quality software code software design process software engineers stakeholder requirements time-to-market Automotive engineering Data engineering Embedded software Maintenance engineering Production Software design Software maintenance Software quality Time to market Abstract: The adoption of model based design coupled with model compilers capable to generate production quality software code greatly improves the time-to-market and the capability to cope with the complexity of modern embedded controllers for automotive. As side-effect control and software engineers are in charge to deliver, maintain, and trace an increased amount of electronic outcomes such as executable models of controllers and systems, simulation test patterns, and acquisition data streams. Ensuring consistency of wide work-product collections, traceability towards stakeholder requirements, and compliancy with process assessment models requires the adoption of a development process in which model based development tool-chain deeply integrates with configuration and change management tools. This paper describes the approach and the actions that lead to the extension of a well established development process of hand-coded software to the new roles and skills introduced by model based design and the impact on the overall configuration and change management strategy. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8574 Author: Turner, Cameron, Bishay, Hany, Bastien, Gabriel, Peng, Bo and Phillips, Robert C. Year: 2007 Title: Configuring policies in public health applications Journal: Expert Systems with Applications Volume: 32 Issue: 4 Pages: 1059-1072 Date: 5// Short Title: Configuring policies in public health applications ISSN: 0957-4174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2006.02.018 Keywords: Policy management Expert system Public health Surveillance system Abstract: Public health is a complex practice due to the requirements of different jurisdictions. These requirements present a challenging environment in which to develop public health applications; software must be flexible in order to adapt to the complexities of different jurisdictions. One approach is to integrate policy management. Policies that define the rules governing an application can be created, modified, or deleted based on the deployment of that application. This paper describes a software architecture and expert system implementation of a policy manager designed to address jurisdictional requirements in public health applications. We define our policy requirements and policy model, the components of the architecture, and how the architecture has been used to implement our policy manager. Finally, we present examples of how the policy manager has configured policies used in three public health applications. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417406000820 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9407 Author: Odegard, R. G., Sliwinski, T. K., King, E. T. and Hart, J. J. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Configuring the Orion Guidance, Navigation, and Control flight software for automated sequencing Conference Name: 2011 Aerospace Conference Pages: 1-13 Date: 5-12 March 2011 Short Title: Configuring the Orion Guidance, Navigation, and Control flight software for automated sequencing ISBN: 1095-323X DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2011.5747472 Keywords: aerospace control aerospace simulation control engineering computing database management systems software architecture GN& C automation design GN& C software sequences Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle Orion guidance Orion navigation automated sequencing control flight software architecture data-driven approach desktop database configuration tool flight operations mission design simulation data management software certification Automation Databases Navigation Software Software algorithms Space vehicles Abstract: The Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle is being designed with greater automation capabilities than any other crewed spacecraft in NASA's history. The Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GN&C) flight software architecture is designed to provide a flexible and evolvable framework that accommodates increasing levels of automation over time. Within the GN&C flight software, a data-driven approach is used to configure the software. This approach allows data reconfiguration and updates to automated sequences without requiring recompilation of the software. Because of the great dependency of the automation and the flight software on the configuration data, the data management is a vital component of the processes for software certification, mission design, and flight operations. To enable the automated sequencing and data configuration of the GN&C subsystem on Orion, a desktop database configuration tool has been developed. The database tool allows the specification of the GN&C activity sequences, the automated transitions in the software, and the corresponding parameter reconfigurations. These aspects of the GN&C automation on Orion are all coordinated via data management, and the database tool provides the ability to test the automation capabilities during the development of the GN&C software. In addition to providing the infrastructure to manage the GN&C automation, the database tool has been designed with capabilities to import and export artifacts for simulation analysis and documentation purposes. Furthermore, the database configuration tool, currently used to manage simulation data, is envisioned to evolve into a mission planning tool for generating and testing GN&C software sequences and configurations. A key enabler of the GN&C automation design, the database tool allows both the creation and maintenance of the data artifacts, as well as serving the critical role of helping to manage, visualize, and understand the data-driv en parameters both during software development and throughout the life of the Orion project. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8072 Author: Popovic, Kresimir and Hocenski, Zeljko Year: 2009 Title: Conflict management Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Leadership and Management in Software Architecture Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 15-19 DOI: 10.1109/lmsa.2009.5074859 Place Published: 1564683 Abstract: Project managers must learn to recognize the signs and symptoms of disruptive conflict. Such signs would include poor communication among team members, a lack of openness, a lack of respect, unclear requirements, change between managers and employees, broken boundaries of social norms or groups, different backgrounds (educational, economic, cultural, political, etc.). The worst cases can disintegrate into personal stress, burnout, and workplace travesties. Once conflict has reached this stage, it will require a large amount of management time in order to deal with it. This will cause an additional decrease in productivity and efficiency rates, along with the accompanying added costs, risks, and duration delays. If left unmanaged, this type of conflict can even lead to employee sabotage and sometimes workplace violence. This position paper provides insight into qualities and social role that project manager as mediator and leader must possess because sometimes team members can't resolve conflicts collectively. Notes: focused on project managers to help teams Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8775 Author: D, Tamzalit, N, Sadou and M, Oussalah Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Connectors conveying Software Architecture Evolution Conference Name: 31st Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 2007) Volume: 1 Pages: 391-396 Date: 24-27 July 2007 Short Title: Connectors conveying Software Architecture Evolution ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2007.97 Keywords: object-oriented programming software architecture software prototyping SAEV model component-based software evolution management software architecture evolution Application software Architecture description languages Coherence Computer applications Computer architecture Connectors Software systems Abstract: This paper presents our work on component-based software evolution. More precisely, we highlight how connectors enhance component-based software architecture evolution. Indeed, connectors, by their intermediary's position between components, can play an important role for automating the propagation of evolution impacts, while preserving the architecture coherence. For that, we outline connectors' characteristics that we consider as principal for aims of evolution management. We validate and exploit these characteristics on our evolution model SAEV (software architecture evolution model). To achieve this, we need to enrich the concept of connector with information about the degree of correlation and of dependency existing between components. For that, we propose to characterize the connector concept with semantic properties, namely: exclusivity/sharing, dependency/ independency, predominance/non predominance, cardinality and reverse cardinality. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8904 Author: Levendel, I. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: The consequences of variability in software Conference Name: 12th IEEE International On-Line Testing Symposium (IOLTS'06) Pages: 1 pp. Date: 10-12 July 2006 Short Title: The consequences of variability in software ISBN: 1942-9398 DOI: 10.1109/IOLTS.2006.60 Keywords: program testing software metrics software reliability model analysis software defects software development software instability software model software production software variance Analysis of variance Application software Computer industry Human factors Production Programming Software architecture Software development management Software testing Abstract: Summary form only given. Contrary to many other industrial processes, software production is characterized by an unusually high variance. This directly results from the significant role of the human factor in all the phases of its realization, and this will likely remain the case for a long time to come. In order to set the record straight, this presentation first analyzes various aspects of software metrics that demonstrate the heterogeneous nature of software and the variance in the software production process. We propose a new software model susceptible to acknowledge software variance and take advantage of it for managing the software development process. This model allows the identification of areas of software instability that are caused by the concentration of software defects. Two major applications are derived from the model analysis. First, the model provides a method for evaluating the "goodness" of the software architecture. The model can also be used to balance the budgeting of the testing effort among the various software functionalities and their interactions. We also discuss potential applications of the recognition of software variability for developing reactive real-time methods for improving software dependability Notes: does not focus on behavior Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7728 Author: Nakagawa, E. Y., Guessi, M., Maldonado, J. C., Feitosa, D. and Oquendo, F. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Consolidating a Process for the Design, Representation, and Evaluation of Reference Architectures Conference Name: 2014 IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 143-152 Date: 7-11 April 2014 Short Title: Consolidating a Process for the Design, Representation, and Evaluation of Reference Architectures DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2014.25 Keywords: control engineering computing robots software architecture ProSA-RA process ad-hoc approach design expertise reference architecture design reference architecture evaluation reference architecture representation robotics domain software system development software system evolution software system standardization specific domain understanding Architecture Computer architecture Ontologies Software systems Unified modeling language Reference architecture reference architecture model robotics Abstract: Reference architectures have emerged as a special type of software architecture that achieves well-recognized understanding of specific domains, promoting reuse of design expertise and facilitating the development, standardization, and evolution of software systems. Because of their advantages, several reference architectures have been proposed and have been also successfully used, including in the industry. However, the most of these architectures are still built using an ad-hoc approach, lacking of a systematization to their construction. If existing, these approaches could motivate and promote the building of new architectures and also support evolution of existing ones. In this scenario, the main contribution of this paper is to present the evolution of ProSA-RA, a process that systematizes the design, representation, and evaluation of reference architectures. ProSA-RA has been already applied in the establishment of reference architectures for different domains and this experience was used to evolve our process. In this paper, we illustrate an application of ProSA-RA in the robotics domain. Results achieved through the use of ProSA-RA have showed us that it is a viable, efficient process and, as a consequence, it could contribute to the reuse of knowledge in several applications domains, by promoting the establishment of new reference architectures. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9376 Author: Nakagawa, E. Y., Guessi, M., Maldonado, J. C., Feitosa, D. and Oquendo, F. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Consolidating a Process for the Design, Representation, and Evaluation of Reference Architectures Conference Name: 2014 IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 143-152 Date: 7-11 April 2014 Short Title: Consolidating a Process for the Design, Representation, and Evaluation of Reference Architectures DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2014.25 Keywords: control engineering computing robots software architecture ProSA-RA process ad-hoc approach design expertise reference architecture design reference architecture evaluation reference architecture representation robotics domain software system development software system evolution software system standardization specific domain understanding Architecture Computer architecture Ontologies Software systems Unified modeling language Reference architecture reference architecture model robotics Abstract: Reference architectures have emerged as a special type of software architecture that achieves well-recognized understanding of specific domains, promoting reuse of design expertise and facilitating the development, standardization, and evolution of software systems. Because of their advantages, several reference architectures have been proposed and have been also successfully used, including in the industry. However, the most of these architectures are still built using an ad-hoc approach, lacking of a systematization to their construction. If existing, these approaches could motivate and promote the building of new architectures and also support evolution of existing ones. In this scenario, the main contribution of this paper is to present the evolution of ProSA-RA, a process that systematizes the design, representation, and evaluation of reference architectures. ProSA-RA has been already applied in the establishment of reference architectures for different domains and this experience was used to evolve our process. In this paper, we illustrate an application of ProSA-RA in the robotics domain. Results achieved through the use of ProSA-RA have showed us that it is a viable, efficient process and, as a consequence, it could contribute to the reuse of knowledge in several applications domains, by promoting the establishment of new reference architectures. Notes: focus on reference architecture, not behavior Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8825 Author: Berg, M. v. d., Tang, A. and Farenhorst, R. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: A Constraint-Oriented Approach to Software Architecture Design Conference Name: 2009 Ninth International Conference on Quality Software Pages: 396-405 Date: 24-25 Aug. 2009 Short Title: A Constraint-Oriented Approach to Software Architecture Design ISBN: 1550-6002 DOI: 10.1109/QSIC.2009.59 Keywords: software architecture constraint-oriented approach design constraint characteristics software architecture design Australia Computer architecture Connectors Decision making Process design Software design Software engineering Software quality Space technology Constraints Design Abstract: Software architecture design constraints exist and they bound the solution space in some ways. However,in research and practice little is known about the characteristics of these constraints and how they influence decision making. In this paper we report our findings on design constraint characteristics based on case studies in two countries. We discovered how constraints typically manifest themselves in the architecture design process, and how they impact the architectural decisions taken. Based on these insights we suggest a number of implications and strategies to support architectural design. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8540 Author: Ramiller, Neil C. Year: 2007 Title: Constructing safety: System designs, system effects, and the play of heterogeneous interests in a behavioral health care setting Journal: International Journal of Medical Informatics Volume: 76, Supplement 1 Pages: S196-S204 Date: 6// Short Title: Constructing safety: System designs, system effects, and the play of heterogeneous interests in a behavioral health care setting ISSN: 1386-5056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2006.05.025 Keywords: Information systems Software design Safety Behavioral medicine Abstract: Objective This paper considers the utility of actor-network theory as a basis for uncovering the mutual interdependencies between system design and system impact in an evolving project, and for exploring the implications that these interdependencies hold for the production of safety in behavioral health care. Methods Drawing on a field study of a systems project in a human-services firm, the paper applies key concepts from actor-network theory in the analysis of a design crisis that emerged during the course of the project. Results Actor-network theory provides a compelling framework in this situation for identifying the diverse interests involved, revealing their complex interactions, and illuminating the importance of the emerging system as an organizational actor in its own right. Conclusion Actor-network theory shows promise for use in other analyses concerned with the role of information technology in the construction of safety in health care settings. Notes: Framework development URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386505606001468 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8954 Author: Li, Q. and Li, J. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: The Construction and Implementation of the Expert System of Whole Set Oil-immersed Pump Lectotype Conference Name: 2009 Third International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application Volume: 1 Pages: 240-243 Date: 21-22 Nov. 2009 Short Title: The Construction and Implementation of the Expert System of Whole Set Oil-immersed Pump Lectotype DOI: 10.1109/IITA.2009.53 Keywords: control engineering computing expert systems oil technology petroleum industry energy conservation engineering control platform expert system intelligent system plug-in software software design whole set oil-immersed pump lectotype Artificial intelligence Control systems Data mining Image retrieval Information retrieval Intelligent systems Pumps Oil-immersed Pump constructio Abstract: The applicability and accuracy of whole set oil-immersed pump lectotype are the key points to improve the recovery ratio of oil field and to conserve energy. This paper have conceived the construction and implementation of the expert system of whole set oil-immersed pump lectotype and discussed in several aspects: such as systematic analysis and design, the construction of engineering control platform, the development of plug-in software, the construction of intelligent system and the execution of software design and so on. It has integrated the synthetic approach with expert system of whole set oil-immersed pump lectotype. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9060 Author: Kassab, M. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: A Contemporary View on Software Quality Requirements in Agile and Software Architecture Practices Conference Name: 2017 IEEE 25th International Requirements Engineering Conference Workshops (REW) Pages: 260-267 Date: 4-8 Sept. 2017 Short Title: A Contemporary View on Software Quality Requirements in Agile and Software Architecture Practices DOI: 10.1109/REW.2017.60 Keywords: software architecture software product lines software prototyping software quality agile architecture software architectural decisions software products software quality requirements Computer architecture Industries Security Software systems Agile Software Industrial Practices Abstract: Quality can be a very elusive concept that can be approached from a number of perspectives dependent on once take and interest. Evidence that relates software process to quality is often anecdotal or, when data is presented, it is to some extent contradictory or clashes with opposite evidence coming from different samples. Also, the influence of quality on software architecture is mostly described in a qualitative fashion based on architects expertise. Little contemporary data exists to document the actual perception from software experts in industry towards quality requirements for software products. Therefore, a comprehensive survey of software professionals was conducted to attempt to discover these practices. In this paper, we present a view of the captured data from this survey with a focus on investigating the influence of quality requirements on the software architectural decisions in practice. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://0881909128/A Contemporary View on Software Quality Requir.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9023 Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Contents Conference Name: 2013 8th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS) Pages: 1-2 Date: 20-21 May 2013 Short Title: Contents ISBN: 2157-2305 DOI: 10.1109/SEAMS.2013.6595482 Keywords: cloud computing computer aided instruction decision making distance learning quality of service software architecture software quality adaptive software system cloud computing services mobile learning Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: cloud computing services; adaptive software system; software architecture; quality of service; mobile learning; decision making; and software quality. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8497 Author: Bickmore, Timothy W., Mauer, Daniel and Brown, Thomas Year: 2009 Title: Context awareness in a handheld exercise agent Journal: Pervasive and Mobile Computing Volume: 5 Issue: 3 Pages: 226-235 Date: 6// Short Title: Context awareness in a handheld exercise agent ISSN: 1574-1192 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2008.05.004 Keywords: Social interface Relational agent Health behavior change Exercise Physical activity Walking Abstract: Work towards the development of a handheld health counseling agent designed to promote physical activity is described. Previous work on automated health counselors is discussed, along with the affordances of mobility and context awareness for health behavior interventions. We present a general-purpose software architecture for the rapid design and deployment of mobile health counseling agents. We also describe the results of an initial field trial in which such a mobile agent plays the role of an exercise coach designed to motivate users to walk more. Results were mixed. We found that the context awareness mechanism that was implemented for detecting walking led to greater user-agent social bonding, but less walking in study participants. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574119208000461 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9258 Author: Brown, P. J., Bovey, J. D. and Xian, Chen Year: 1997 Title: Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the marketplace Journal: IEEE Personal Communications Volume: 4 Issue: 5 Pages: 58-64 Short Title: Context-aware applications: from the laboratory to the marketplace ISSN: 1070-9916 DOI: 10.1109/98.626984 Keywords: computer networks land mobile radio radio networks software engineering context aware applications distributed processing marketplace mobile applications mobile computing research laboratories software design Batteries Context Global Positioning System Libraries Mobile handsets Personal digital assistants Pervasive computing Printers Receiving antennas Temperature sensors Abstract: Current hardware developments are making mobile computing increasingly attractive. An important class of mobile applications are context-aware applications: applications that change their behaviour according to the user's present context-their location, who they are with, what the time of day is, and so on. This article is about software design for context-aware applications. Currently most such applications have been crafted by experts in research laboratories. Our aim is to factor out a simple class of context-aware applications and make the creation of these as easy as, say, creating Web pages Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7551 Author: Bang, J. Y., Brun, Y. and Medvidovic, N. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Continuous Analysis of Collaborative Design Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 97-106 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: Continuous Analysis of Collaborative Design DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.45 Keywords: cloud computing groupware programming environments software architecture FLAME Framework for Logging and Analyzing Modeling Events cloud resources collaborative design design conflict detection technique nonintrusive conflict detection prioritization algorithm Adaptation models Analytical models Collaboration Engines Fires Synchronization Tools conflict detection proactive conflict detection speculative analysis Abstract: In collaborative design, architects' individual design decisions may conflict and, when joined, may violate system consistency rules or non-functional requirements. These design conflicts can hinder collaboration and result in wasted effort. Proactive detection of code-level conflicts has been shown to improve collaborative productivity, however, the computational resource requirements for proactively computing design conflicts have hindered its applicability in practice. Our survey and interviews of 50 architects from six large software companies find that 60% of their projects involve collaborative design, that architects consider integration costly, and that design conflicts are frequent and lead to lost work. To aid collaborative design, we re-engineer FLAME, our prior design conflict detection technique, to use cloud resources and a novel prioritization algorithm that, together, achieve efficient and nonintrusive conflict detection, and guarantee a bound on the time before a conflict is discovered. Two controlled experiments with 90 students trained in software architecture in a professional graduate program, demonstrate that architects using FLAME design more efficiently, produce higher-quality designs, repair conflicts faster, and prefer using FLAME. An empirical performance evaluation demonstrates FLAME's scalability and verifies its time-bound guarantees. Notes: students involved Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7538 Author: Musil, J., Ekaputra, F. J., Sabou, M., Ionescu, T., Schall, D., Musil, A. and Biffl, S. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Continuous Architectural Knowledge Integration: Making Heterogeneous Architectural Knowledge Available in Large-Scale Organizations Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 189-192 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: Continuous Architectural Knowledge Integration: Making Heterogeneous Architectural Knowledge Available in Large-Scale Organizations DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.28 Keywords: data mining inference mechanisms knowledge management open systems organisational aspects software architecture CAKI architectural knowledge discovery architectural knowledge integration architectural knowledge sharing conceptual design decisions continuous architectural knowledge integration external AK sources external knowledge sources internal AK sources internal knowledge sources interoperability large-scale organization personalization capabilities semantic reasoning technical design decisions Adaptation models Cognition Organizations Semantics Software Tools Architectural knowledge management continuous software architecture semantic integration Abstract: The timely discovery, sharing and integration of architectural knowledge (AK) have become critical aspects in enabling the software architects to make meaningful conceptual and technical design decisions and trade-offs. In large-scale organizations particular obstacles in making AK available to architects are a heterogeneous pool of internal and external knowledge sources, poor interoperability between AK management tools and limited support of computational AK reasoning. Therefore we introduce the Continuous Architectural Knowledge Integration (CAKI) approach that combines the continuous integration of internal and external AK sources together with enhanced semantic reasoning and personalization capabilities dedicated to large organizations. Preliminary evaluation results show that CAKI potentially reduces AK search effort by concurrently yielding more diverse and relevant results. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7523 Author: Mårtensson, T., Ståhl, D. and Bosch, J. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Continuous Integration Impediments in Large-Scale Industry Projects Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 169-178 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: Continuous Integration Impediments in Large-Scale Industry Projects DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.11 Keywords: embedded systems integrated software project management software architecture activity planning continuous integration behaviors continuous integration impediments industry projects software-intensive embedded systems system thinking Companies Computer architecture Industries Interviews continuous integration large-scale loosely coupled architecture modular architecture size software integration Abstract: Based on interviews with 20 developers from two case study companies that develop large-scale software-intensive embedded systems, this paper presents the main factors that affect how often developers deliver software to the mainline. Further on, the paper describes the continuous integration behaviors in projects where up to 1,000 developers commit to the same mainline. The main factors that could enable more frequent integration of software are: "Activity planning and execution", "System thinking", "Speed" and "Confidence through test activities". Behind these main themes we also present a wide range of sub-categories ("Modular and loosely coupled architecture", "Test selection" etc) which summarizes what the developers themselves see as the continuous integration impediments in large-scale industry projects. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8967 Author: Nakagawa, E. Y. and Maldonado, J. C. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Contributions and Perspectives in Architectures of Software Testing Environments Conference Name: 2011 25th Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering Pages: 66-71 Date: 28-30 Sept. 2011 Short Title: Contributions and Perspectives in Architectures of Software Testing Environments DOI: 10.1109/SBES.2011.42 Keywords: program testing software architecture software quality software tools high quality software systems software development software testing environment architecture software testing tools testing activity testing automation Computer architecture Context Software Software testing Abstract: Producing high quality software systems has been one of the most important software development concerns. In this perspective, Software Architecture and Software Testing are two important research areas that have contributed in that direction. The attention given to the software architecture has played a significant role in determining the success of software systems. Otherwise, software testing has been recognized as a fundamental activity for assuring the software quality; however, it is an expensive, error-prone, and time consuming activity. For this reason, a diversity of testing tools and environments has been developed; however, they have been almost always designed without an adequate attention to their evolution, maintenance, reuse, and mainly to their architectures. Thus, this paper presents our main contributions to systematize the development of testing tools and environments, aiming at improving their quality, reuse, and productivity. In particular, we have addressed architectures for software testing tools and environments and have also developed and made available testing tools. We also state perspectives of research in this area, including open research issues that must be treated, considering the unquestionable relevance of testing automation to the testing activity. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8652 Author: Rooney, B. J. Year: 1984 Title: The control of an astronomical telescope using a multimicroprocessor system Journal: Journal of Microcomputer Applications Volume: 7 Issue: 2 Pages: 189-201 Date: 4// Short Title: The control of an astronomical telescope using a multimicroprocessor system ISSN: 0745-7138 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0745-7138(84)90101-5 Abstract: This paper describes a novel application of a multimicroprocessor system which is specifically suited to many low-cost real-time applications. The system described was developed to control an astronomical telescope. It is based on a twin microprocessor configuration, the two microprocessors being organized in master/slave roles. The master microprocessor deals with input/output and numerical functions while the slave drives the stepping motors. Communication between the two is achieved through interleaving access to common memory. The design requirements of the astronomical telescope are introduced with emphasis on the specific requirements of the astronomers. A brief summary of alternative pulse generation systems is presented. Hardware and software design details of the telescope system are then discussed. The paper concludes with several suggestions for further applications of multimicroprocessor systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0745713884901015 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9251 Author: Ploeg, J. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Cooperative Vehicle Automation: Safety Aspects and Control Software Architecture Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ICSAW) Pages: 6-6 Date: 5-7 April 2017 Short Title: Cooperative Vehicle Automation: Safety Aspects and Control Software Architecture DOI: 10.1109/ICSAW.2017.69 Keywords: adaptive control cooperative systems mobile robots motion control road safety road traffic road vehicles software architecture vehicular ad hoc networks CACC GCDC The Netherlands automated maneuvering autonomous vehicles classification scheme control software architecture cooperative adaptive cruise control cooperative automated vehicles cooperative vehicle automation grand cooperative driving challenge interaction protocol safety aspects society of automotive engineers truck platooning vehicle motion wireless intervehicle communication Automation Conferences Reliability engineering Vehicles Wireless communication Wireless sensor networks Abstract: Automated vehicles are designed to take over all or part of the driver's task, in order to safely and comfortably navigate through road traffic. Automated vehicles, however, are limited by the line-ofsight characteristics of the on-board sensors, e.g., radar, lidar, and camera. To overcome this limitation, wireless inter-vehicle communication can be employed, which not only provides information of vehicles beyond the line-of-sight, but also provides information that cannot be retrieved otherwise. This allows for implementation of collaborative behavior, which can significantly increase traffic throughput and decrease fuel consumption. The resulting vehicles are often referred to as "cooperative automated vehicles", whereas non-communicating automated vehicles are usually (but not necessarily correctly) termed "autonomous vehicles". To classify the various types of vehicle automation, the Society of Automotive Engineers has defined six automation levels, according to increasing functionality of the automation system and, correspondingly, a decreasing role of the diver [1]. In this classification scheme, level 1 automation, characterized by automation of either the longitudinal or the lateral vehicle motion, still requires the driver to be alert and to be able to take over the driving task at any time, thus implying only moderate requirements regarding reliability of the automation hard- and software. By means of an example of cooperative automation, in particular short-distance vehicle following by means of cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC)[2], it is however shown that even for level 1 systems, stringent reliability requirements may apply, since the driver is unable to serve as a fallback option in case of system failures. CACC, which is also the basis for truck platooning, is only concerned with automation of the longitudinal vehicle motion. As a next step, cooperative automation can be extended to also involve lateral motion, thus yielding cooperative au- omated maneuvering, involving, e.g., automated gap making and subsequent merging into a platoon. A layered architecture for this type of automation applications, consisting of an operational, a tactical, and a strategic layer, is presented. This architecture builds upon the decomposition of traffic scenarios into maneuver primitives, which are initiated by a so-called interaction protocol. The practical application of this approach is illustrated by a brief overview of the Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge (GCDC), which was held in 2016 in The Netherlands [3]. As such, a first step is made towards a common automation framework, which is considered essential to establish true cooperation among different types and brands of vehicles. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9223 Author: Fort, N. Le, Aboukhaled, O. and Ramamonjisoa, D. Year of Conference: 1993 Title: A co-pilot architecture based on a multi-expert system and a real-time environment Conference Name: Proceedings of IEEE Systems Man and Cybernetics Conference - SMC Pages: 312-317 vol.5 Date: 17-20 Oct 1993 Short Title: A co-pilot architecture based on a multi-expert system and a real-time environment DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1993.390868 Keywords: development systems knowledge based systems multiprogramming problem solving real-time systems road traffic temporal reasoning traffic control traffic engineering computing European Prometheus project SUPER VXWORKS asynchronous data management dynamic real-time problem solving electronic copilot architecture flexible software architecture interrupt handling knowledge-based development system multi-expert system rapidly changing data real-time environment real-time multi-tasking kernel Cameras Charge coupled devices Delay Kernel Laboratories Real time systems Roads Vehicle driving Vehicle dynamics Abstract: Describes a work carried out in the frame of the European Prometheus project, and concerns the realization of an electronic copilot using a knowledge-based system approach. A flexible software architecture is required to allow problem solving in dynamic real-time situations, including rapidly changing data, asynchronous data management, interrupt handling and temporal reasoning. This paper describes such an architecture based an a knowledge-based development system (SUPER) and a real-time multi-tasking kernel (VXWORKS) Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7985 Author: Jackson, Daniel and Vaziri, Mandana Year: 2016 Title: Correct or usable? the limits of traditional verification (impact paper award) Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2016 24th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering Conference Location: Seattle, WA, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 11-11 DOI: 10.1145/2950290.2994161 Place Published: 2994161 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8620 Author: Whyte, David B. and Holbeck, Susan L. Year: 2006 Title: Correlation of PIK3Ca mutations with gene expression and drug sensitivity in NCI-60 cell lines Journal: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications Volume: 340 Issue: 2 Pages: 469-475 Date: 2/10/ Short Title: Correlation of PIK3Ca mutations with gene expression and drug sensitivity in NCI-60 cell lines ISSN: 0006-291X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.025 Keywords: Somatic mutations PIK3Ca NCI-60 Abstract: The gene that encodes the α-isoform of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3Ca) is frequently mutated in human cancers. We profiled the mutation status of the PIK3Ca gene in the National Cancer Institute (NCI)-60 panel of human cancer cell lines maintained by the Developmental Therapeutics Program of the NCI. Mutation hotspots on the gene were PCR amplified and sequenced, and the trace data were analyzed with software designed to detect mutations. Seven of the cell lines tested have PIK3Ca mutations: two lines derived from breast cancer, two from colon cancer, two from ovarian cancer, and one from lung cancer. BRAF and EGFR genes were normal in the PIK3Ca mutant lines. Two of the cell lines with mutant PIK3Ca also have a mutant version of the KRAS gene. The mutation status was correlated with array-based gene expression that is publicly available for the NCI-60 cell lines. We found increased expression levels for estrogen receptor (ER) and ERBB2 in PIK3Ca mutant lines. The PIK3Ca mutation status was also correlated with compound screening data for the cell lines. PIK3Ca-mutant cell lines were relatively more sensitive than PIK3Ca-normal cell lines to the ER inhibitor tamoxifen and the AKT inhibitor triciribine, among other compounds. The results provide insights into the role of mutant PIK3Ca in oncogenic signaling and allow preliminary identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention in cancers harboring PIK3Ca mutations. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X05027592 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9040 Author: Torres, K. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: A Cost Effective Solution for Time-Stamping Electronic Warfare System Response Conference Name: 2006 IEEE Autotestcon Pages: 149-153 Date: 18-21 Sept. 2006 Short Title: A Cost Effective Solution for Time-Stamping Electronic Warfare System Response ISBN: 1088-7725 DOI: 10.1109/AUTEST.2006.283614 Keywords: computerised instrumentation electronic warfare GPS time capture PCI bus cards RF data RF simulator accurate timing information age-out calculation automated instrumentation data acquisition electronic warfare support systems hardware design hardware updates manual instrumentation response time software design software updates time-stamping capability time-stamping electronic warfare system response updated ES system Costs Delay Hardware Laboratories Radio frequency Real time systems Software maintenance Software testing Timing Abstract: Electronic warfare support (ES) systems receive and process RF data real-time and these systems are time critical. Hardware and software updates to existing ES systems are required to properly maintain these systems. Testing the hardware and software updates plays an important role for releasing the update into the field. The majority of this testing takes place in the laboratory. Two units of measure that are used to monitor the performance of an ES system are response time and age-out in addition to many others. Accurate timing information is required to measure the performance of an updated ES system. Many times the manual or automated instrumentation in laboratories is in place and does not have accurate time-stamping capability. This paper presents the hardware and software design of an external unit that can externally interface with any existing RF simulator to capture accurate timing information (time-stamp) for use in response time and age-out calculation. The hardware consists of two PCI bus cards. One for data acquisition and the other for accurate GPS time capture. A program was written in C++ using Visual Studioreg.NET. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9143 Author: Roopa, Y. M. and Reddy, A. R. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Cost optimization component selection approach for component based self-adaptive software architecture using component repository Conference Name: 2016 International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES) Pages: 1-6 Date: 21-22 Oct. 2016 Short Title: Cost optimization component selection approach for component based self-adaptive software architecture using component repository DOI: 10.1109/CESYS.2016.7889859 Keywords: optimisation software architecture software reliability ubiquitous computing component repository context awareness cost optimization component selection approach optimized algorithm reusable components self-adaptive software architecture software components software development Adaptation models Computer architecture Context Monitoring Servers Software GRASP. Introduction component optimization approach self-adaptive software Abstract: Now a days Ubiquitous computing plays major role in the adaptable software development. The ubiquitous computing works on the principle of context awareness. Context awareness is the methodology which recognizes and monitors the environment and adapt to the environment where they have been introduced. The self-adaptive software architecture is developed based on component based software engineering, which concentrates on the reusability of the software components to achieve better productivity. The proposed architecture uses component repository to adapt the changes to the architecture. The component repository is introduced where it contains the predefined and reusable components and their services for adaptation. The optimized algorithm applied for the component selection in the component repository. The GRASP algorithm is used to optimize the system architecture. The experimental results are validated based on real time environments and compare the results with other existing methods. The proposed models show the superiority in terms of performance. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8038 Author: Carriere, Jeromy, Kazman, Rick and Ozkaya, Ipek Year: 2010 Title: A cost-benefit framework for making architectural decisions in a business context Conference Name: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering - Volume 2 Conference Location: Cape Town, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 149-157 DOI: 10.1145/1810295.1810317 Place Published: 1810317 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9298 Author: Carriere, J., Kazman, R. and Ozkaya, I. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: A cost-benefit framework for making architectural decisions in a business context Conference Name: 2010 ACM/IEEE 32nd International Conference on Software Engineering Volume: 2 Pages: 149-157 Date: 2-8 May 2010 Short Title: A cost-benefit framework for making architectural decisions in a business context ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1145/1810295.1810317 Keywords: commerce cost-benefit analysis decision making software architecture IT-intensive organization Vistaprint Corporation architectural decisions business context cost-benefit framework decision-making developer productivity risk reduction software components structural transformation system architecture decisions Computer architecture Couplings Estimation Measurement Organizations Training architecture dependency structure matrix design structure matrix quality attributes software metrics Abstract: In any IT-intensive organization, it is useful to have a model to associate a value with software and system architecture decisions. More generally, any effort-a project undertaken by a team-needs to have an associated value to offset its labor and capital costs. Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult to precisely evaluate the benefit of "architecture projects"-those that aim to improve one or more quality attributes of a system via a structural transformation without (generally) changing its behavior. We often resort to anecdotal and informal "hand-waving" arguments of risk reduction or increased developer productivity. These arguments are typically unsatisfying to the management of organizations accustomed to decision-making based on concrete metrics. This paper will discuss research done to address this long-standing dilemma. Specifically, we will present a model derived from analyzing actual projects undertaken at Vistaprint Corporation. The model presented is derived from an analysis of effort tracked against modifications to specific software components before and after a significant architectural transformation to the subsystem housing those components. In this paper, we will discuss the development, implementation, and iteration of the model and the results that we have obtained. Notes: not focus on behavior Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9175 Year of Conference: 2012 Title: [Cover art] Conference Name: 2012 Joint Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture and European Conference on Software Architecture Pages: C4-C4 Date: 20-24 Aug. 2012 Short Title: [Cover art] DOI: 10.1109/WICSA-ECSA.212.58 Keywords: business data processing decision making formal specification product development software architecture software maintenance software reusability system documentation architectural decision architectural knowledge architectural model enterprise nonfunctional attributes product lines service-oriented architecture software architecture documentation software evolution software requirement software variability Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: software architecture; product lines; nonfunctional attributes; service-oriented architecture; architectural decision; software architecture documentation; architectural model; architectural knowledge; decision making; enterprise; software evolution; software variability; and software requirement. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8077 Author: Cohen, Myra B., Dwyer, Matthew B. and Shi, Jiangfan Year: 2006 Title: Coverage and adequacy in software product line testing Conference Name: Proceedings of the ISSTA 2006 workshop on Role of software architecture for testing and analysis Conference Location: Portland, Maine Publisher: ACM Pages: 53-63 DOI: 10.1145/1147249.1147257 Place Published: 1147257 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8482 Author: Gatto, Ivano and Pittarello, Fabio Year: 2014 Title: Creating Web3D educational stories from crowdsourced annotations Journal: Journal of Visual Languages & Computing Volume: 25 Issue: 6 Pages: 808-817 Date: 12// Short Title: Creating Web3D educational stories from crowdsourced annotations ISSN: 1045-926X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvlc.2014.10.010 Keywords: Annotation Education Ontology Storytelling Tag Web3D Abstract: 3D representation and storytelling are two powerful means for educating students while engaging them. This paper describes a novel software architecture that couples them for creating engaging linear narrations that can be shared on the web. The architecture takes advantage of a previous work focused on the semantic annotation of 3D worlds that allows the users to go beyond the simple navigation of 3D objects, permitting to retrieve them with different search tools. The novelty of our architecture is that authors don’t have to build stories from scratch, but can take advantage of the crowdsourced effort of all the users accessing the platform, which can contribute providing assets or annotating objects. At our best knowledge no existing workflow includes the collaborative annotation of 3D worlds and the possibility to create stories on the top of it. Another feature of our design is the possibility for users to switch from and to any of the available activities during the same session. This integration offers the possibility to define a complex user experience, even starting from a simple linear narration. The visual interfaces of the system will be described in relation to a case study focused on culture heritage. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045926X14001037 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8685 Author: Tempelmeier, T. Year: 1988 Title: The creative step in designing real-time software Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 21 Issue: 3 Pages: 15-20 Date: 5// Short Title: The creative step in designing real-time software ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-036236-6.50007-2 Keywords: Real-Time Software Design Method Design Heuristics Design Guidelines Expert Sytems Abstract: A brief survey of the software design process as currently carried out in industrial practice is given, including statements on the relevance of the various well known design methods. The transition from the functional/data model to the top level design is identified as the most difficult of the whole design process. It can only be accomplished by a creative step (which may be iterative), together with intuition and engineering experience. No method can replace the creativity and experience of a designer. However, the (semi)formal sequencing of steps of the methods is helpful in managing the development process. More importantly, some methods include very good guidelines on how to get to a good design. But these guidelines may be vague and sometimes conflicting, as is in the nature of the problem. It is proposed to collect all useful design guidelines from various methods and all other design experience as a set of rules, faciliating the creative step in designing realtime software. In the future, this set of rules could be incorporated into an expert system for checking the quality of a real-time software design. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080362366500072 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8687 Author: Tempelmeier, T. Year: 1988 Title: The creative step in designing real-time software Journal: Annual Review in Automatic Programming Volume: 14, Part 1 Pages: 15-20 Date: // Short Title: The creative step in designing real-time software ISSN: 0066-4138 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(88)90003-1 Keywords: Real-Time Software Design Method Design Heuristics Design Guidelines Expert Sytems Abstract: A brief survey of the software design process as currently carried out in industrial practice is given, including statements on the relevance of the various well known design methods. The transition from the functional/data model to the top level design is identified as the most difficult of the whole design process. It can only be accomplished by a creative step (which may be iterative), together with intuition and engineering experience. No method can replace the creativity and experience of a designer. However, the (semi)formal sequencing of steps of the methods is helpful in managing the development process. More importantly, some methods include very good guidelines on how to get to a good design. But these guidelines may be vague and sometimes conflicting, as is in the nature of the problem. It is proposed to collect all useful design guidelines from various methods and all other design experience as a set of rules, faciliating the creative step in designing realtime software. In the future, this set of rules could be incorporated into an expert system for checking the quality of a real-time software design. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0066413888900031 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7971 Author: Sharp, Helen Year: 2016 Title: Creativity and Collaboration in Software Design and Development Conference Name: Proceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics Conference Location: Nottingham, United Kingdom Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-3 DOI: 10.1145/2970930.2970967 Place Published: 2970967 Abstract: This extended abstract summarises some key points regarding the role of representations in software design and development, specifically how physical, virtual and hybrid representations support creativity and collaboration. Notes: extended abstract, not research Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9579 Author: Tsai, W. T., Heisler, K. G., Volovik, D. and Zualkernan, I. A. Year of Conference: 1988 Title: A critical look at the relationship between AI and software engineering Conference Name: [Proceedings] 1988 IEEE Workshop on Languages for Automation@m_Symbiotic and Intelligent Robotics Pages: 2-18 Date: 29-31 Aug 1988 Short Title: A critical look at the relationship between AI and software engineering DOI: 10.1109/LFA.1988.24945 Keywords: artificial intelligence automatic programming expert systems software engineering AI maintenance environments rapid prototyping software design waterfall model Application software Bridges Computer science Humans Machine intelligence Productivity Programming Software maintenance Abstract: A number of key issues relating to the application of artificial intelligence (AI) to software engineering (SE) and the reverse are discussed. Issues relating to how AI can help SE are: whether automatic programming is synonymous with AI for SE and whether it represents a major paradigm for SE in the next decade; whether expert systems technology is sufficiently successful and mature enough to provide significant solutions to certain aspects of the SE process; whether AI development and maintenance environments are suitable for direct application to the SE process; how AI methodology can be applied to the software design process; and how the AI rapid prototyping paradigm is useful as a SE paradigm. Issues relating to the common belief that SE is not useful for AI are: SE is synonymous with the waterfall model, and the waterfall model is linear and hence not suitable for AI; expert systems can not be specified and thus SE techniques do not apply; and AI software is easy to maintain and thus SE is not required. An attempt is made to relate AI and Se at the level of objectives and issues Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8344 Author: Barcellini, Flore, Fran, #231, D, oise, #233, tienne and Burkhardt, Jean Marie Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Cross-participants: fostering design-use mediation in an open source software community Conference Name: Proceedings of the 14th European conference on Cognitive ergonomics: invent! explore! Conference Location: London, United Kingdom Publisher: ACM Pages: 57-64 Short Title: Cross-participants: fostering design-use mediation in an open source software community DOI: 10.1145/1362550.1362564 Place Published: 1362564 Abstract: Motivation - This research aims at investigating emerging roles and forms of participation fostering design-use mediation during the Open Source Software design process Research approach - We compare online interactions for a successful "pushed-by-users" design process with unsuccessful previous proposals. The methodology developed, articulate structural analyses of the discussions (organization of discussions, participation) to actions to the code and documentation made by participants to the project. We focus on the useroriented and the developer-oriented mailing-lists of the Python project. Findings/Design - We find that key-participants, the cross-participants, foster the design process and act as boundary spanners between the users and the developers' communities. Research limitations/Implications - These findings can be reinforced developing software to automate the structural analysis of discussions and actions to the code and documentation. Further analyses, supported by these tools, will be necessary to generalise our results. Originality/Value - The analysis of participation among the three interaction spaces of OSS design (discussion, documentation and implementation) is the main originality of this work compared to other OSS research that mainly analyse one or two spaces. Take away message - Beside the idealistic picture that users may intervene freely in the process, OSS design is boost and framed by some key-participants and specific rules and there can be barriers to users' participation 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://0608179516/Cross-participants fostering design-use mediat.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7730 Author: Braude, E. J. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Cumulative Software Architecture Development Conference Name: 2014 IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 163-166 Date: 7-11 April 2014 Short Title: Cumulative Software Architecture Development DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2014.26 Keywords: software architecture software prototyping agile development context cumulative software architecture development least-commitment process software architecture creation Computer architecture Conferences Context Context modeling Software User interfaces agile development software design Abstract: An approach to software architecture creation is described in the context of agile development. It eschews the traditional separation of top-down and bottom-up design. A concrete, cumulative, least-commitment process is demonstrated that establishes an architecture core likely to remain stable as requirements are added. Notes: not behavior focus Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8101 Author: Savola, Reijo M. Year: 2017 Title: Current level of cybersecurity competence and future development: case Finland Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Proceedings Conference Location: Canterbury, United Kingdom Publisher: ACM Pages: 121-124 DOI: 10.1145/3129790.3129804 Place Published: 3129804 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7508 Author: Malavolta, I. and Capilla, R. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Current Research Topics and Trends in the Software Architecture Community: ICSA 2017 Workshops Summary Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ICSAW) Pages: 1-4 Date: 5-7 April 2017 Short Title: Current Research Topics and Trends in the Software Architecture Community: ICSA 2017 Workshops Summary DOI: 10.1109/ICSAW.2017.28 Keywords: Automotive engineering Computer architecture Conferences Decision making Market research Software Software architecture IoT architectural knowledge automotive systems micro-services organizational dimensions Abstract: This summary reports the workshops accepted in the 1st International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA 2017), held by Chalmers University at Gothenburg (Sweden). We gather the description of current and new research trends in different software architecture topics to provide a wide view to researchers and practitioners about the current status and trends in the field. ICSA is a premier software architecture conference that encompasses WICSA and COMPARCH conferences in one single event. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8876 Author: Malavolta, I. and Capilla, R. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Current Research Topics and Trends in the Software Architecture Community: ICSA 2017 Workshops Summary Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ICSAW) Pages: 1-4 Date: 5-7 April 2017 Short Title: Current Research Topics and Trends in the Software Architecture Community: ICSA 2017 Workshops Summary DOI: 10.1109/ICSAW.2017.28 Keywords: Automotive engineering Computer architecture Conferences Decision making Market research Software Software architecture IoT architectural knowledge automotive systems micro-services organizational dimensions Abstract: This summary reports the workshops accepted in the 1st International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA 2017), held by Chalmers University at Gothenburg (Sweden). We gather the description of current and new research trends in different software architecture topics to provide a wide view to researchers and practitioners about the current status and trends in the field. ICSA is a premier software architecture conference that encompasses WICSA and COMPARCH conferences in one single event. Notes: just a summary Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8923 Author: Liming, Zhu, Yan, Liu, Gorton, I. and Ngoc Bao, Bui Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Customized Benchmark Generation Using MDA Conference Name: 5th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA'05) Pages: 35-44 Date: 2005 Short Title: Customized Benchmark Generation Using MDA DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2005.26 Keywords: Application software Automatic testing Benchmark testing Computer architecture Logic Measurement Performance analysis Predictive models Software architecture Unified modeling language Abstract: This paper describes an approach for generating customized benchmark applications from a software architecture description using a Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach. The benchmark generation and performance data capture tool implementation is based on widely used open source MDA frameworks. The business logic of the benchmark application is modeled in UML and generated by taking advantage of the existing generation "cartridges" so that the current component technology can be exploited in the benchmark. This greatly reduces the effort and expertise needed for benchmarking with complex component technology. We have also extended the MDA framework to model and generate a load testing suite and automatic performance measurement infrastructure. The approach complements current model-based performance prediction and analysis methods by generating the benchmark application from the same application architecture that the performance models are derived from. This provides the potential for tightly integrating runtime performance measurement with model-based prediction either for model validation or improving model prediction accuracy. We illustrate the approach using a case study based on EJB component technology. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9281 Author: Flautner, K. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Cutting across layers of abstraction:: removing obstacles from the advancement of embedded systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Hardware/Software Codesign and System Synthesis (CODES+ISSS '06) Pages: 265-265 Date: 22-25 Oct. 2006 Short Title: Cutting across layers of abstraction:: removing obstacles from the advancement of embedded systems DOI: 10.1145/1176254.1176318 Keywords: embedded systems multiprocessing systems parallel programming parallelising compilers signal processing abstraction layer compiler technology embedded system microarchitecture-circuit boundary multicore signal processing cluster portable parallel program prototype microarchitecture silicon technology silicon variation soft error system architecture Circuits Computer architecture Costs Energy consumption Microarchitecture Power generation Program processors Silicon Technological innovation low power typical-case operation Abstract: Silicon technology evolution over the last four decades has yielded an exponential increase in integration densities with steady improvements of performance and power consumption at each technology generation. This steady progress has created a sense of entitlement for the riches that future process generations would bring. Today, however, classical process scaling seems to be dead and living up to technology expectations requires continuous innovation at many levels, which comes at steadily progressing implementation and design costs. Solutions to problems need to cut across layers of abstractions and require coordination between software, architecture and circuit features. Heterogeneous multiprocessor clusters are increasingly used to deliver the required compute power for high-end applications. Heterogeneity ensures that the necessary processing power can be delivered at high levels of efficiency at reasonable implementation cost, while the use of processors endow these systems with large degrees of flexibility. One of the key challenges with these systems is system-level programming. Traditional compiler technologies are strong at programming individual cores but leave the task of parallelization to a team of experts. The first part of this talk will describe the coupling of the compiler to the system architecture on a multi-core signal-processing cluster and illustrate how compiler technology can enable the writing of portable parallel programs for it using little more than C. As claimed above, close coupling of abstraction layers can be beneficial. This can also be illustrated at the microarchitecture - circuit boundary. The second part of the talk will describe a prototype microarchitecture which is designed explicitly to deal with issues such as silicon variation and soft errors. These features in return enable system designers to focus on the typical-case performance of their implementations without having to be over-constrained by worst-case conditions. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8329 Author: Kriszti, #225 and Flautner, n Year: 2006 Title: Cutting across layers of abstraction:: removing obstacles from the advancement of embedded systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis Conference Location: Seoul, Korea Publisher: ACM Pages: 265-265 DOI: 10.1145/1176254.1176318 Place Published: 1176318 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9635 Author: Brodie, C. B. and Hayes, C. C. Year: 2002 Title: DAISY: a decision support design methodology for complex, experience-centered domains Journal: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans Volume: 32 Issue: 1 Pages: 50-71 Short Title: DAISY: a decision support design methodology for complex, experience-centered domains ISSN: 1083-4427 DOI: 10.1109/3468.995529 Keywords: CAD cognitive systems decision support systems military computing problem solving task analysis DAISY cognitive engineering experience-centered domains intelligent support systems military planners time activity matrix Buildings Design engineering Design methodology Displays Humans Laboratories Software design Software tools Abstract: Users at different levels of domain experience have very different needs. For example, a system designed to assist domain novices may frustrate experts and vice-versa. This is one of several challenges specific to building decision support systems for experience-centered domains. A second challenge in working with complex experience-centered domains is that it is hard for non-experts to understand the domain in order to model it. In this paper we present DAISY, the design aid for intelligent support systems. It is a software design methodology for constructing decision support systems in complex, experience-based domains. DAISY address the specialized challenges of these domains by augmenting existing cognitive engineering methodologies. In particular, DAISY provides a method for identifying the specialized needs of users within a specific range of domain experience. Thus, it can help software designers to understand "What does the domain expert need?" or "What does a trained novice need?" To help system designers manage the complexity of modeling unfamiliar experience-centered domains, it provides a tool called a time/activity matrix. To illustrate each of DAISY's steps, we used the development of a decision support system called Fox. Fox assists expert military planners by rapidly generating alternative plans. This is a cognitively difficult, time critical task with life and death consequences Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8849 Author: Fiebig, C. B. and Hayes, C. C. Year of Conference: 1998 Title: DAISY: a design methodology for experience-centered planning support systems Conference Name: Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1998. 1998 IEEE International Conference on Volume: 1 Pages: 920-925 vol.1 Date: 11-14 Oct 1998 Short Title: DAISY: a design methodology for experience-centered planning support systems ISBN: 1062-922X DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1998.725533 Keywords: decision support systems intelligent design assistants military computing planning user modelling DAISY Fox course of action generation decision making task design methodology display needs experience-centered planning support systems high quality decisions human-computer interface information needs intelligent agent life and death decisions military planning task system requirements user errors user problem solving studies Computer errors Computer science Concrete Displays Grasping Problem-solving Software design Abstract: Designing systems to effectively assist planners in grasping the situation quickly and making high quality decisions is very difficult, even within a single problem solving domain. Different types of users have very different needs, and a system designed to assist one group of users may frustrate other users with differing amounts of experience. We present DAISY, a methodology for developing planning aids for users, given a specified level of expertise. This methodology is intended to enable system designers to identify the system requirements needed to meet the information and display needs of users at a given level of experience prior to designing the system. These requirements are identified through user problem solving studies and the development of a model of the task, the information requirements and the typical user errors. The DAISY methodology is unique in that it identifies the needs of planners at varying ranges of experience, and provides concrete methods for incorporating these specialized user needs into the software design. We illustrate the use of this methodology in the design of an intelligent agent and human-computer interface, Fox, for the military planning task of course of action generation. This is a complex and difficult decision making task in which users make life and death decisions while they are are under extreme time pressure and overloaded with information. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7674 Author: Martini, A. and Bosch, J. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: The Danger of Architectural Technical Debt: Contagious Debt and Vicious Circles Conference Name: 2015 12th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 1-10 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: The Danger of Architectural Technical Debt: Contagious Debt and Vicious Circles DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2015.31 Keywords: software architecture software maintenance software metrics architectural technical debt contagious debt context-specific metrics quality model socio-technical phenomenon software development technical debt items vicious circles Companies Computer architecture Concrete Conferences Interviews Software Taxonomy agile software development effort multiple case-study qualitative model socio-technical phenomena Abstract: A known problem in large software companies is to balance the prioritization of short-term with long-term viability. Specifically, architecture violations (Architecture Technical Debt) taken to deliver fast might hinder future feature development. However, some technical debt requires more interest to be paid than other. We have investigated which Technical Debt items generate more effort and how this effort is manifested during software development. We conducted a multiple-case embedded case study comprehending 7 sites at 5 large international software companies. We found that some Technical Debt items are contagious, causing other parts of the system to be contaminated with the same problem, which may lead to non-linear growth of interest. We also identify another socio-technical phenomenon, for which a combination of weak awareness of debt, time pressure and refactoring creates Vicious Circles of events during the development. Such phenomena need to be identified and stopped before the development is led to a crisis point. Finally, this paper presents a taxonomy of the most dangerous items identified during the qualitative investigation and a model of their effects that can be used for prioritization, for further investigation and as a quality model for extracting more precise and context-specific metrics. Notes: not my focus Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8626 Author: Benghanem, M., Arab, A. Hadj and Mukadam, K. Year: 1999 Title: Data acquisition system for photovoltaic water pumps Journal: Renewable Energy Volume: 17 Issue: 3 Pages: 385-396 Date: 7/1/ Short Title: Data acquisition system for photovoltaic water pumps ISSN: 0960-1481 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-1481(98)00126-8 Abstract: In Algeria, there are several photovoltaic water pumping system (PVWPS) which are situated in remote areas. Typical problems are detected as sizing of photovoltaic (PV) generator (over-sizing) and maintenance (underestimate) by many operators. Due to the high cost of setting up and maintaining a large number of data acquisition systems for the PVWPS, we have developed a real time expert system based on central microcomputer used as a micro-server, with a low cost. This paper presents a design of a universal data acquisition system for Algeria with available components and easily accessible with a central server. This data acquisition system analyses the performance of PVWPS. The systems hardware and software architectures and an application to test its performance are described. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148198001268 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9196 Author: Phillips, R. A., Li, W. N., Thompson, C. and Deneke, W. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Data File Layout Inference Using Content-Based Oracles Conference Name: 2013 IEEE 16th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering Pages: 1029-1035 Date: 3-5 Dec. 2013 Short Title: Data File Layout Inference Using Content-Based Oracles DOI: 10.1109/CSE.2013.150 Keywords: data mining file organisation inference mechanisms character encoding content-based Oracles customer data integration data file layout inference data warehouse extract-transform-load field length field position field semantic content organizational characteristic record length structural layout information structured text file Context Encoding Layout Market research Semantics XML combinatoric approach content type domain-specific software architecture extract-transform-load (ETL) file layout inference file processing meta-data discovery sampling Abstract: Data file layout inference refers to the problem of identifying the organizational characteristics associated with a structured text file, where every record in a text file shares the same structural properties. These properties include: character encoding, record length, field length (indicated by delimiting characters or fixed length), field position, and field semantic content. Within this paper, the above information is referred to as the layout of a file. This structural layout information is required to extract, transform, and load files into workflows within various data warehouse and data mining applications. A common need, layout inference is a manual, labor intensive process requiring human expertise whenever a file's layout is unavailable, miscommunicated, or changed. This paper proposes an automated methodology for solving the layout inference problem by discovering the metadata of a structured text file and reports the results of a prototype system for real data files from customer data integration and management application. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8579 Author: Johnson, Stephen B., Farach, Frank J., Pelphrey, Kevin and Rozenblit, Leon Year: 2016 Title: Data management in clinical research: Synthesizing stakeholder perspectives Journal: Journal of Biomedical Informatics Volume: 60 Pages: 286-293 Date: 4// Short Title: Data management in clinical research: Synthesizing stakeholder perspectives ISSN: 1532-0464 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2016.02.014 Keywords: Needs assessment Software design Biomedical research Medical informatics Abstract: AbstractObjective This study assesses data management needs in clinical research from the perspectives of researchers, software analysts and developers. Materials and methods This is a mixed-methods study that employs sublanguage analysis in an innovative manner to link the assessments. We performed content analysis using sublanguage theory on transcribed interviews conducted with researchers at four universities. A business analyst independently extracted potential software features from the transcriptions, which were translated into the sublanguage. This common sublanguage was then used to create survey questions for researchers, analysts and developers about the desirability and difficulty of features. Results were synthesized using the common sublanguage to compare stakeholder perceptions with the original content analysis. Results Individual researchers exhibited significant diversity of perspectives that did not correlate by role or site. Researchers had mixed feelings about their technologies, and sought improvements in integration, interoperability and interaction as well as engaging with study participants. Researchers and analysts agreed that data integration has higher desirability and mobile technology has lower desirability but disagreed on the desirability of data validation rules. Developers agreed that data integration and validation are the most difficult to implement. Discussion Researchers perceive tasks related to study execution, analysis and quality control as highly strategic, in contrast with tactical tasks related to data manipulation. Researchers have only partial technologic support for analysis and quality control, and poor support for study execution. Conclusion Software for data integration and validation appears critical to support clinical research, but may be expensive to implement. Features to support study workflow, collaboration and engagement have been underappreciated, but may prove to be easy successes. Software developers should consider the strategic goals of researchers with regard to the overall coordination of research projects and teams, workflow connecting data collection with analysis and processes for improving data quality. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532046416000368 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8091 Author: Perez-Palacin, Diego and Mirandola, Raffaela Year: 2014 Title: Dealing with uncertainties in the performance modelling of software systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 10th international ACM Sigsoft conference on Quality of software architectures Conference Location: Marcq-en-Bareul, France Publisher: ACM Pages: 33-42 DOI: 10.1145/2602576.2602582 Place Published: 2602582 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7877 Author: Esfahani, Naeem, Razavi, Kaveh and Malek, Sam Year: 2012 Title: Dealing with uncertainty in early software architecture Conference Name: Proceedings of the ACM SIGSOFT 20th International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering Conference Location: Cary, North Carolina Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2393596.2393621 Place Published: 2393621 Abstract: Changing early architectural decisions of a system is both difficult and costly. It is very important for the architect to get them "right". However, in early design, the architect is often forced to make these decisions under uncertainty, i.e., not knowing the precise impact of those decisions on system's properties (e.g., scalability) as well as stakeholder concerns (e.g., cost). In this paper, we provide an overview of GuideArch, a framework aimed at systematic exploration of the architectural solution space under uncertainty to help with making early architectural decisions. Notes: tool development Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8135 Author: Frank, William F. and Karunaratne, Anil Year: 2000 Title: A decade of modeling financial vehicles Conference Name: Addendum to the 2000 proceedings of the conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications (Addendum) Conference Location: Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 33-34 DOI: 10.1145/367845.367914 Place Published: 367914 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8789 Author: Dudukovic, J., Stanojevic, M. and Vranes, S. Year of Conference: 2005 Title: Decision Aid for Sustainable Industrial Siting Conference Name: EUROCON 2005 - The International Conference on "Computer as a Tool" Volume: 2 Pages: 1085-1088 Date: 21-24 Nov. 2005 Short Title: Decision Aid for Sustainable Industrial Siting DOI: 10.1109/EURCON.2005.1630139 Keywords: decision making decision support systems geographic information systems land use planning production facilities software architecture sustainable development multicriteria decision making spatial decision support systems sustainable industrial siting Contracts Protection Rivers Roads Vegetation mapping Water pollution Water resources Geographic Information System Spatial Decision Making Abstract: For sustainable industrial development, the need of the hour is judicious, reasonable and planned use of the finite resources of land, according to the natural environmental properties. To cater to this need, we are using geographic information systems and spatial decision support systems techniques to help proper siting of newly planned industries and industrial estates. This software tool is especially meaningful in developing and transition economy countries, where the process of sustainable industrialization is still in its initial stage. The authentic spatial decision making algorithm, as well as underlying software architecture is presented in detail in this paper Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8602 Author: Orlov, Sergey and Vishnyakov, Andrei Year: 2017 Title: Decision Making for the Software Architecture Structure Based on the Criteria Importance Theory Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 104 Pages: 27-34 Date: // Short Title: Decision Making for the Software Architecture Structure Based on the Criteria Importance Theory ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.01.050 Keywords: Multicriteria decision analysis Hierarchical criterion Criteria importance theory Software architecture Architecture metric Abstract: Software architectural decisions have a significant impact on the software development process as well as on the quality of developed software systems. In this paper, the technique that allows selecting the optimal software architecture among several alternatives is proposed. This selection technique is reduced to the criteria importance theory for decision-making problems with a hierarchical criterion structure. For applying it, we need to pick up a set of metrics that assess the characteristics of the software architecture. Next, we need to determine metrics scale and create the hierarchical criterion structure with all the relations between software metric groups. The results allow us making conclusions about usefulness of the proposed technique during architecture design phase for software systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050917300510 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8521 Author: van Vliet, Hans and Tang, Antony Year: 2016 Title: Decision making in software architecture Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 117 Pages: 638-644 Date: 7// Short Title: Decision making in software architecture ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2016.01.017 Keywords: Software architecture Design decisions Abstract: Traditionally, software architecture is seen as the result of the software architecture design process, the solution, usually represented by a set of components and connectors. Recently, the why of the solution, the set of design decisions made by the software architect, is complementing or even replacing the solution-oriented definition of software architecture. This in turn leads to the study of the process of making these decisions. We outline some research directions that may help us understand and improve the software architecture design process. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121216000157 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8958 Author: Abdesselam, Redouane Year of Conference: 2007 Title: A decision making model for software design Conference Name: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Pages: 2687-2692 Date: 7-10 Oct. 2007 Short Title: A decision making model for software design ISBN: 1062-922X DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.2007.4413795 Keywords: decision making design formal specification object-oriented programming software maintenance software packages application requirements commercial off-the-shelf paradigm decision making model formal model specification ideal component small-scale systems software design software maintainability structured first order predicate calculus vendor viability Application software Calculus Costs Equations Software engineering Software performance Software systems Time to market Abstract: Selecting the right components to design a software system involve some deep thoughts and difficult decisions to make. In this paper, we present a model to ease the decision making process. The model is based on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) paradigm. COTS techniques aim to reduce development time and hence decrease cost compared to a traditional system development. First, an identification of components from the application requirements is made. Then, for each component, we specify a formal model, which is called the ideal-component. A structured first order predicate calculus is used as a tool to formalize application requirements and obtain these formal models. The evaluation of a possible-component, from a vendor, begins with understanding the features and then an acceptance indicator is calculated. The acceptance equation combines three key factors: requirements and features match, vendor-viability and maintainability. Maintainability is a costly phase in any software system and this model caters for this issue during the evaluation process. The model is being investigated in small-scale systems with successful results. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7953 Author: Mason, Colin R. and Moffat, James Year: 2000 Title: Decision making support: representing the C2 process in simulations: modelling the human decision-maker Conference Name: Proceedings of the 32nd conference on Winter simulation Conference Location: Orlando, Florida Publisher: Society for Computer Simulation International Pages: 940-949 Place Published: 510513 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9587 Author: Lewis, G. A., Lago, P. and Avgeriou, P. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: A Decision Model for Cyber-Foraging Systems Conference Name: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) Pages: 51-60 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: A Decision Model for Cyber-Foraging Systems DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2016.38 Keywords: cloud computing computer centres architectural tactics computing power decision model edge clouds micro data centers nonfunctional requirements operational cyber-foraging systems single-hop proximity Bandwidth Computational modeling Computer architecture Data models Data processing Mobile handsets Time factors cyber-foraging mobile cloud computing software architecture Abstract: Cyber-foraging is a technique to enable mobile devices to extend their computing power and storage by offloading computation or data to more powerful servers located in the cloud or in single-hop proximity. While there is a large amount of research in this area, the reality is that there are not many deployed, operational cyber-foraging systems. As these systems become more prevalent due to their proven benefits, combined with the emergence of micro data centers and edge clouds, a need will arise for guidance on their architecture and development. To provide this guidance, we present a decision model based on a mapping of functional and non-functional requirements for cyber-foraging systems to a set of architectural tactics. The decision model was validated by developers to obtain an expert opinion on its correctness and usefulness for guiding the architecture, design, and evolution of cyber-foraging systems that meet their intended functional and non-functional requirements, while understanding the effects of decisions. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8724 Author: Sabry, Ahmed E. Year: 2015 Title: Decision Model for Software Architectural Tactics Selection Based on Quality Attributes Requirements Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 65 Pages: 422-431 Date: // Short Title: Decision Model for Software Architectural Tactics Selection Based on Quality Attributes Requirements ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.09.111 Keywords: Software Architecture Architecture Styles and Tactics Quality Attributes (QA) Mining Techniques Business Intelligence (BI) Abstract: Due to increasing industrial demands toward software systems with increasing complexity and challenging quality requirements, software architecture and implementation mechanisms become an important activity. The decisions made during architecture design have significant implications on quality goals. As addressed, there is a lack of available standard models, architectures or frameworks for enabling implementation of quality attributes specially for business intelligence environment and applications in order to rapidly and efficiently supports decision-making. In addition, a lack of researches related to Quality Attributes (QA) requirements, its implementation tactics, and interrelations or correlations between them. The increasing systems complexity mandates software architects to choose from a growing number of design options (decisions) when searching for an optimal architecture design in a specific domain with respect to a defined (set of) quality attributes and constraints. This results in a design space search that is over human capabilities and makes the architectural design task more complicated. In this paper, researcher aimed to reveal most of quality attributes implementation tactics affecting applications architectures, properties. Several quality attributes of software investigated using applied research methods with mixed quantitative (linear) and non-linear analysis techniques. It proposes an initiative for finding an easy and systematic way of addressing quality attributes requirements to a set of implementing architectural tactics. Finally, the findings analyzed and visualized in a way that can support decision stakeholders in addition to a new concept of “safe-tactics” introduced as reduced (pruned) set of tactics that are claimed to be better used in general refactoring cases. In addition, a software tool is developed throughout this research effort as result of gained knowledge and addressing the research findings. Notes: more a system/framework URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050915029415 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7903 Author: Papatheocharous, Efi, Petersen, Kai, Cicchetti, Antonio, #233, Sentilles, verine, Shah, Syed Muhammad Ali and Gorschek, Tony Year: 2015 Title: Decision support for choosing architectural assets in the development of software-intensive systems: The GRADE taxonomy Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Dubrovnik, Cavtat, Croatia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-7 DOI: 10.1145/2797433.2797483 Place Published: 2797483 Abstract: Engineering software-intensive systems is a complex process that typically involves making many critical decisions. A continuous challenge during system design, analysis and development is deciding on the reference architecture that could reduce risks and deliver the expected functionality and quality of a product or a service to its users. The lack of evidence in documenting strategies supporting decision-making in the selection of architectural assets in systems and software engineering creates an impediment in learning, improving and also reducing the risks involved. In order to fill this gap, ten experienced researchers in the field of decision support for the selection of architectural assets in engineering software-intensive systems conducted a workshop to reduce traceability of strategies and define a dedicated taxonomy. The result was the GRADE taxonomy, whose key elements can be used to support decision-making as exemplified through a real case instantiation for validation purposes. The overall aim is to support future work of researchers and practitioners in decision-making in the context of architectural assets in the development of software-intensive systems. The taxonomy may be used in three ways: (i) identify new opportunities in structuring decisions; (ii) support the review of alternatives and enable informed decisions; and (iii) evaluate decisions by describing in a retrospective fashion decisions, factors impacting the decision and the outcome. Notes: System Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9001 Author: Shen, L., Peng, X. and Zhao, W. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Decision Support for Dynamic Adaptation of Business Systems Based on Feature Binding Analysis Conference Name: 31st Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC 2007) Volume: 2 Pages: 587-592 Date: 24-27 July 2007 Short Title: Decision Support for Dynamic Adaptation of Business Systems Based on Feature Binding Analysis ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2007.102 Keywords: case-based reasoning decision support systems software architecture business environment business goal business systems business-oriented selfadaptation case based reasoning decision support dynamic evolution feature binding analysis runtime decision-making software components Availability Bridges Computer architecture Computer science Connectors Decision making Performance analysis Runtime environment Sensor phenomena and characterization Abstract: Dynamic evolution has been an essential requirement for more and more business systems which attempt to provide 7(days) x 24(hours) availability and flexible adaptability on the changing business environment. Therefore, these systems are expected to be self-adaptable at run-time with little user intervention. CBSD provides an architectural way for self-adaptation, in which adaptation can be performed on the macro level of architecture and easier to control. However, the big gap between the problem space (business goal and environment) and the solution space (software architecture and components), and the runtime decision-making for adaptation are two difficulties for the implementation of business-oriented self-adaptation. In this paper, we propose an approach of decision support for dynamic adaptation of business systems based on feature binding analysis. In the method, feature model is introduced to represent the business policy and bridge the gap. So, dynamic adaptation can first be performed on feature binding analysis. The other characteristic of the method is CBR (case based reasoning) based adaptation decision on environment factors captured by all kinds of sensors. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9106 Author: Moaven, S., Habibi, J., Ahmadi, H. and Kamandi, A. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: A Decision Support System for Software Architecture-Style Selection Conference Name: 2008 Sixth International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications Pages: 213-220 Date: 20-22 Aug. 2008 Short Title: A Decision Support System for Software Architecture-Style Selection DOI: 10.1109/SERA.2008.26 Keywords: decision support systems fuzzy reasoning inference mechanisms software architecture software maintenance DSS decision support system fuzzy inference multi criteria decision making problem software architecture-style selection software development process software engineering software systems Computer architecture Conference management Decision making Fuzzy logic Software design Technology management Aggregation Tool Architecture-Styles Abstract: Due to the enlargement and complexity of software systems and the need for maintenance and update, success of systems depends strongly on their architecture. Software architecture has been a key element in software development process in two past decades. Therefore, choosing the correct architecture is a critical issue in software engineering domain, with respect to the extremely extension of architecture-driven designs. Moreover, software architecture selection is a multi-criteria decision-making problem in which different goals and objectives should be considered. In this paper, a decision support system (DSS) has been designed which provides software architects with more precise and suitable decisions in architecture styles selection. The DSS uses fuzzy inference to support decisions of software architects and exploits properties of styles in the best way while making decisions. Notes: A system Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9473 Author: Shaw, W. H. and Woffinden, D. S. Year of Conference: 1988 Title: A decision theory framework for software fault correction Conference Name: Proceedings of the IEEE 1988 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference Pages: 707-711 vol.2 Date: 23-27 May 1988 Short Title: A decision theory framework for software fault correction DOI: 10.1109/NAECON.1988.195084 Keywords: decision theory software reliability computational considerations corrective actions decision theory framework failure large-scale software development efforts probabilistic estimates project histories software design software development software fault correction symptoms test Costs Decision making Electrical fault detection History Programming Software maintenance Software testing Software tools Abstract: The use of decision theory concepts in detecting and correcting software faults is considered. The concepts of software faults and failure, symptoms and corrective actions are presented as a way of viewing the software design and test portion of a software development effort. It is shown how probabilistic estimates of software failure based on project histories can be used in a decision-making setting to reduce fault correction cost and time. An algorithm which computes the decision procedure is discussed as well as computational considerations. The impact of the decision-theory model on large-scale software development efforts is presented Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9235 Author: Kruchten, P., Capilla, R. and Dueñas, J. C. Year: 2009 Title: The Decision View's Role in Software Architecture Practice Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 26 Issue: 2 Pages: 36-42 Short Title: The Decision View's Role in Software Architecture Practice ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2009.52 Keywords: software architecture software maintenance software metrics software quality distributed production maintenance operations software crisis software development system complexity Collaborative software Computer architecture Context modeling Costs Production systems Software design Software systems Standards development architectural design decision architectural knowledge architecture views decision view Abstract: Software development has to deal with many challenges-increasing system complexity, requests for better quality, the burden of maintenance operations, distributed production, and high staff turnover, to name just a few. Increasingly, software companies that strive to reduce their products' maintenance costs demand flexible, easy-to-maintain designs. Software architecture constitutes the cornerstone of software design, key for facing these challenges. Several years after the "software crisis" began in the mid-1970s, software architecture practice emerged as a mature (although still growing) discipline, capable of addressing the increasing complexity of new software systems. Notes: Tool, not behavior Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7856 Author: Falessi, Davide, Cantone, Giovanni, Kazman, Rick and Kruchten, Philippe Year: 2011 Title: Decision-making techniques for software architecture design: A comparative survey Journal: ACM Comput. Surv. Volume: 43 Issue: 4 Pages: 1-28 Short Title: Decision-making techniques for software architecture design: A comparative survey ISSN: 0360-0300 DOI: 10.1145/1978802.1978812 Legal Note: 1978812 Abstract: The architecture of a software-intensive system can be defined as the set of relevant design decisions that affect the qualities of the overall system functionality; therefore, architectural decisions are eventually crucial to the success of a software project. The software engineering literature describes several techniques to choose among architectural alternatives, but it gives no clear guidance on which technique is more suitable than another, and in which circumstances. As such, there is no systematic way for software engineers to choose among decision-making techniques for resolving tradeoffs in architecture design. In this article, we provide a comparison of existing decision-making techniques, aimed to guide architects in their selection. The results show that there is no “best” decision-making technique; however, some techniques are more susceptible to specific difficulties. Hence architects should choose a decision-making technique based on the difficulties that they wish to avoid. This article represents a first attempt to reason on meta-decision-making, that is, the issue of deciding how to decide. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7902 Author: Silva, Italo Carlo Lopes, Brito, Patrick H. S., Neto, Baldoino F. dos S., Costa, Evandro and Silva, Andre Almeida Year: 2015 Title: A decision-making tool to support architectural designs based on quality attributes Conference Name: Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing Conference Location: Salamanca, Spain Publisher: ACM Pages: 1457-1463 DOI: 10.1145/2695664.2695928 Place Published: 2695928 Abstract: The success of a software project is strongly related with architectural design. However, designing the right Software Architecture is a very subjective task and takes a long time, being much influenced by architect's experience and the quality of requirements engineering. This architectural knowledge, usually, is not documented, since it is considered tacit knowledge of architects or other stakeholders, and eventually dissipates. The objective of this paper is to present a tool that supports young architects by recommending a suitable architectural style, based on the system's requirements, particularly the quality attributes of the system. The tool encompasses both trade-off resolution over quality attributes and recommendation of architectural styles based on quality attributes. The proposed solution has been evaluated in the context of a specific domain of Learning Management System (LMS), in order to illustrate the tool support in the execution of an architectural design process. Notes: Tool Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8030 Author: Eug, Marco, #234, Beneditto, nio Madeira Di, Cl, #225 and Werner, udia Maria Lima Year: 2012 Title: A declarative approach for software compositional reconfiguration Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Adaptive and Reflective Middleware Conference Location: Montreal, Quebec, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-6 DOI: 10.1145/2405679.2405686 Place Published: 2405686 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9387 Author: Willhoft, B. and Willhoft, R. Year: 2017 Title: Decoding Software Design Journal: Computing in Science & Engineering Volume: 19 Issue: 3 Pages: 86-87 Short Title: Decoding Software Design ISSN: 1521-9615 DOI: 10.1109/MCSE.2017.41 Keywords: Decoding Design methodology Software engineering book review scientific computing software design Abstract: Blaine Willhoft and Rob Willhoft review "Software Design Decoded: 66 Ways Experts Think" by Marian Petre and André van der Hoek, a collection of short, one-paragraph observations on the habits that successful engineers have developed or learned over time. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8916 Author: Uzunov, A. V., Falkner, K. and Fernandez, E. B. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Decomposing Distributed Software Architectures for the Determination and Incorporation of Security and Other Non-functional Requirements Conference Name: 2013 22nd Australian Software Engineering Conference Pages: 30-39 Date: 4-7 June 2013 Short Title: Decomposing Distributed Software Architectures for the Determination and Incorporation of Security and Other Non-functional Requirements ISBN: 1530-0803 DOI: 10.1109/ASWEC.2013.14 Keywords: distributed processing security of data software architecture systems analysis NFR architectural decomposition decomposing distributed software architectures modern distributed systems nonfunctional requirements security Analytical models Computer architecture Protocols Resource management Software distributed systems non-functional requirements software engineering threat modelling Abstract: Non-functional requirements (NFRs) such as security, reliability and performance play a crucial role in the development of modern distributed systems. The burden of incorporating NFRs into a system's architecture, as well the determination of new design-level NFRs, can be greatly eased by the use of a structured approach providing guidance to developers. Such structured approaches, however, require equally structured system characterisations. This is especially important for distributed systems, which are inherently complex and multi-faceted. In this paper we propose a form of characterisation which we term architectural decomposition, and present a multi-level conceptual framework for decomposing distributed software architectures. Using the framework for decomposing architectures can help guide the incorporation and, via complementary analysis processes, the determination of NFRs at the architectural level. We describe each of the levels of the framework in turn, propose a complementary analysis process for security based on threat modelling, as well as a process for using the framework itself, and demonstrate the utility of our approach via an example derived from a real-life distributed architecture. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9454 Author: Chang, H. F. and Lu, S. C. Y. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Decomposition and Traceability in Software Design Conference Name: 2009 33rd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference Volume: 2 Pages: 13-18 Date: 20-24 July 2009 Short Title: Decomposition and Traceability in Software Design ISBN: 0730-3157 DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2009.201 Keywords: object-oriented programming program diagnostics software maintenance software quality AD-based software design traceability axiomatic design theory decomposition method functional dependency object-oriented software design shorter delivery time software maintainability Application software Computer applications Computer science Design engineering Engineering management Process design Software design Software development management Software systems USA Councils Axiomatic Design Complex Software Design Conceptual Design Decision Making Object Oriented Design Abstract: Decomposition is a common practice in design of technical systems to manage abstractions and to create components that can be developed separately. However, the hierarchical decomposition methods used in current software design are unable to control the dependency and provide the traceability of decisions effectively. As the difficulty of software systems rises along with increasing demands for more function, lower cost, higher quality and shorter delivery time, this shortcoming has become a major challenge in the software design community. One reason for this shortcoming is the failure of clearly differentiating between the functional and physical notions during the design process. To remedy this deficiency, we employ the axiomatic design (AD) theory developed from engineering design to augment object-oriented software design. This paper explains the features of axiomatic design approach and compare it with traditional software design methods. A case study that compares our proposed AD-based software design results with that from traditional object-oriented design approaches is included to demonstrate its applications and benefits in software design. The results show that explicitly managing functional dependencies at early design stages and focusing on decision traceability along the design process can lead to better software systems with higher quality and maintainability. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7628 Author: Valdeón, J. M. C., Cortés, A. R. and Toro, M. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Defeasible Argumentation of Software Architectures Conference Name: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) Pages: 115-121 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: Defeasible Argumentation of Software Architectures DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2016.48 Keywords: reasoning about programs software architecture Hastings method Twitter defeasible argumentation dialogical structure eBay legal reasoning scientific reasoning software architectural evaluation Cognition Computer architecture Context Pipelines Servers Software architectures architectural evaluation argumentation schemes design rationale Abstract: Defeasible argumentation is typical of legal and scientific reasoning. A defeasible argument is one in which the conclusion can be accepted tentatively in relation with the evidence known so far, but may need to be retracted as new evidence comes in. This paper analyses the role of defeasible argumentation in the explanation and evaluation of architectural decisions. We analyse technical explanations offered by engineers at Twitter and eBay about several architectural decisions adopted in those systems. We generalize these examples in four argumentation schemes. We also study the typical case of reasoning with a formal model of an architecture, and we infer a fifth argumentation scheme. Finally, we apply Hastings' method of attaching a set of critical questions to each scheme. We show that the existence of critical questions reveals that the inferred schemes are defeasible: in argumentation theory, if a respondent asks one of the critical questions matching a scheme and the proponent of an argument fails to offer an adequate answer, the argument defaults and the conclusion is retracted. This dialogical structure is the basis of typical architectural evaluations. We conclude that the provided evidence supports the hypothesis that defeasible argumentation is employed in architectural evaluation. In this context, a rich catalogue of argumentation schemes is a useful tool for the architect to organize his or her reasoning, critical questions assist the architect in identifying the weak points of his or her explanations, and provide the evaluation team with a checklist of issues to be raised. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 7986 Author: Abowd, Gregory D. Year: 1995 Title: Defining reference models and software architectural styles for cooperative systems Journal: SIGOIS Bull. Volume: 15 Issue: 3 Pages: 4-5 Short Title: Defining reference models and software architectural styles for cooperative systems ISSN: 0894-0819 DOI: 10.1145/201947.201951 Legal Note: 201951 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8678 Author: Shum, Simon Buckingham and Hammond, Nick Year: 1994 Title: Delivering HCI modelling to designers: A framework and case study of cognitive modelling Journal: Interacting with Computers Volume: 6 Issue: 3 Pages: 314-341 Date: 9// Short Title: Delivering HCI modelling to designers: A framework and case study of cognitive modelling ISSN: 0953-5438 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0953-5438(94)90019-1 Keywords: Human-computer interaction cognitive modelling evaluation Abstract: The human-computer interaction (HCI) research community is generating a large number of usability-oriented models and design frameworks. However, a critical factor which will determine whether any of these achieve significant penetration into the real world of software design is the effort required by practitioners to understand and apply them. In short, analytic tools for usability design must themselves be usable. In response to this challenge, we present a framework which identifies four different ‘gulfs’ between user-centred modelling and design approaches, and their intended users. These gulfs are potential opportunities to support designers if a given analytic approach can be encapsulated in appropriate forms. We then illustrate the framework's application with a concrete example. An evaluation is reported which investigates gulfs associated with an approach which uses an expert system to automate cognitive modelling for human factors designers. An early prototype was evaluated in order to assess the knowledge required to use it. The study demonstrates that whilst this tool does shield users from the complexities of the underlying modelling, they need to understand the way in which it builds its description of the task and user interface. Implications for bridging the different gulfs are then considered. Notes: framework URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0953543894900191 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8102 Author: Rieckmann, Marianne, Fraser, Daniel, Chiprianov, Vanea, Szabo, Claudia and Falkner, Katrina Year: 2014 Title: Demonstration of Model-driven Performance Prediction of Distributed Real-time Embedded Systems of Systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2014 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Vienna, Austria Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2642803.2642837 Place Published: 2642837 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7962 Author: Galster, Matthias Year: 2010 Title: Describing variability in service-oriented software product lines Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 344-350 DOI: 10.1145/1842752.1842815 Place Published: 1842815 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8861 Author: Kaplanski, P. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Description logic based generator of data centric applications Conference Name: 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Technology, (2010 ICIT) Pages: 53-56 Date: 28-30 June 2010 Short Title: Description logic based generator of data centric applications Keywords: formal logic formal specification inference mechanisms ontologies (artificial intelligence) user interfaces data centric applications data management description logic based generator description logic reasoner ontology management systems user application specification user interface Generators description logic design pattern model view controller software architecture software engeenering Abstract: The knowledge stored in Ontology Management Systems (OMS) that originally has the form of expressions, can be seen as a user application specification or as knowledge provided by an expert. The generator of applications discussed in this paper is defined as a program that automatically generates an application that meets a certain specification stored in OMS. It is shown that it is possible to build a user interface for data management with an algorithm that crawls over taxonomy inferred by the description logic reasoner. Finally, an example prototype of a medical application will be discussed to prove the feasibility of the proposed approach. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9184 Author: Qiao, Yingxu and Yang, Hongguo Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Design and application of expert system for coal mine safety Conference Name: 2010 Second IITA International Conference on Geoscience and Remote Sensing Volume: 1 Pages: 452-454 Date: 28-31 Aug. 2010 Short Title: Design and application of expert system for coal mine safety DOI: 10.1109/IITA-GRS.2010.5603158 Keywords: coal expert systems fault diagnosis inference mechanisms mining coal mine safety expert system function detection inference mechanism knowledge base system software design Cognition Safety User interfaces Workstations Inference Engine Abstract: Based on the analyses of the Supervison Workstations of coal mine safety, the shortcomings in traditional methods for fault diagnosis and the promising usage of expert system for the fault diagnosis is constructed. The aim for building the expert system is to make the testing and maintaining equipment for the supervison working better. This paper introduces a kind of expert system based on function detection, expounds general design idea of the system and structure of knowledge base, build inference mechanism and software design, and brief analyzes the feature of this expert system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9616 Author: Henry, T., Laurence, Ishak and Jie, F. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Design and construction of color sensor based optical sorting machine Conference Name: 2017 5th International Conference on Instrumentation, Control, and Automation (ICA) Pages: 36-40 Date: 9-11 Aug. 2017 Short Title: Design and construction of color sensor based optical sorting machine DOI: 10.1109/ICA.2017.8068409 Keywords: assembling automatic optical inspection image colour analysis inspection materials handling equipment optical sensors production engineering computing quality control automatic optical color sorting machine bulk items color identification color sensor based optical sorting machine commisioning defect removal efficiency final assembled programmed machine high-quality inspection inspected items machine capability testing machine construction machine requirements determination manual sorting quality standards recovery efficiency software design sorting capability Color Image color analysis Optical design Optical filters Optical imaging Sorting sensor sorting machine Abstract: Quality plays significant role to stay competitive in the market, especially in industries that many new products enter and leave themarket. The basic requirement is to ensure that only products meet the quality standards can be released, and this is possible by implementing high-quality inspection to sort the products. However, manual sorting of bulk items is very difficult due to a large number of inspected items. Thus, automatic optical color sorting machine could be an answer to solve the problem. The aim of the study is to design and construct a color sensor based optical sorting machine and was carried out through several stages; problem identification, research purpose formulation, literature review, machine requirements determination, machine and software design, machine construction, commissioning, machine capability testing, and conclusion. Some capabilities of final assembled and programmed machine were tested, from color identification, ejection, and sorting. The experiments show that the machine is capable of correctly detecting 74.75% of good materials, without false detection of the bad materials, while on the other hand the machine successfully ejecting 94.02% of the materials marked to be ejected. The sorting capability of this machine reached recovery efficiency of 67.41%, and defect removal efficiency of 85.07%. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9636 Author: Xia, Feifei and Zhang, Guangnian Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Design and implementation of a Java-based search engine algorithm analysis system Conference Name: 2009 4th International Conference on Computer Science & Education Pages: 1040-1043 Date: 25-28 July 2009 Short Title: Design and implementation of a Java-based search engine algorithm analysis system DOI: 10.1109/ICCSE.2009.5228477 Keywords: Java Web sites search engines software architecture Eclipse RCP software design approach Java multi-thread Java-based search engine algorithm analysis system SEOAdvisor Web pages Website search engine results page statistical principles Algorithm design and analysis Computer architecture Computer science Computer science education Libraries Programming profession Software design ranking factor search engine optimization Abstract: In this article, one system used to auto analyzing and verifying search engine algorithm via using statistical principles and comparisons is suggested, and we call it as SEOAdvisor. The system can predict and verify ranking algorithm used in popular search engines via capturing and comparing Web pages listed on top of search engine results page (SERP) automatically. With this system, search engine optimization experts can let Website getting high ranking via optimizing website. During the implementation of SEOAdvisor, we use Eclipse RCP software design approach, Java multi-thread, and other advanced programming technologies. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9102 Author: Mohammed, P. and Mohan, P. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: The Design and Implementation of an Enculturated Web-Based Intelligent Tutoring System for Computer Science Education Conference Name: 2011 IEEE 11th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies Pages: 501-505 Date: 6-8 July 2011 Short Title: The Design and Implementation of an Enculturated Web-Based Intelligent Tutoring System for Computer Science Education ISBN: 2161-3761 DOI: 10.1109/ICALT.2011.156 Keywords: computer science education cultural aspects intelligent tutoring systems ITS Internet-ready devices cultural-awareness deficiency digital learning environments e-Learning enculturated Web-based intelligent tutoring system Context Cultural differences Electronic learning Materials Programming profession Culture Experimentation Software Design Abstract: Accommodating for learner diversity based on cultural backgrounds has not yet been a major personalisation focus until recently. Increasing numbers of Internet-ready devices have propelled e-Learning forward such that these deficiencies in cultural-awareness can no longer remain unattended. Despite being investigated from an instructional design standpoint, the enculturation of digital learning environments has largely been theorized, necessitating manual enculturation by experts, instructors and even students. Consequently, enculturated learning environments are limited in practice. In this paper, a preliminary design for building a web-based Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is described together with the features and intended functionality of the various components. This work contributes a practical approach that was implemented and evaluated using two concrete systems within the domain of Computer Science education. An analysis of the findings and empirical evidence reported in the study supports the viability of the approach taken and reveals that intelligent tutoring systems benefit from enculturation. Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8653 Author: Mulpeter, T. and Guyot, O. Year: 2000 Title: Design and implementation of an on-line optimizing control system for processing the sadiola hill oxidised gold ore Editor: Paolo, Massacci Book Title: Developments in Mineral Processing Publisher: Elsevier Volume: Volume 13 Pages: C3-45-C3-54 Short Title: Design and implementation of an on-line optimizing control system for processing the sadiola hill oxidised gold ore ISBN: 0167-4528 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4528(00)80015-0 Keywords: optimizing control expert system Sadiola OCS software Abstract: Sadiola Hill mine is located in the sub-Saharan part of Mali. In its first two years of operations, Sadiola Hill mine had already exceeded expectations with respect to profitability, plant capacity, metallurgical recovery, cash costs and social integration into the area. The advanced control system installed by the authors has been a major contributor in the substantial throughput of the mill over the design tonnage with no loss of recovery. The run-of-mine ore at Sadiola consists of soft clays with a varying percentage of grit, producing a high viscosity slurry. The percentage of grit fed to the plant varies on an hourly basis. This combination was expected to have a large impact on the milling circuit and determined that the early installation of an expert mill control system would be advantageous. Svedala Cisa OCS©, was selected as the most suitable support software. The operational rules and control philosophy are housed in the OCS© graphic-oriented fuzzy expert system while a model-based Soft Sensor has the remarkable ability to detect the variations in grit in the feed. Designed during the second half of 1996, commissioning of the system began in March 1997, the OCS was fully on-line by September. With the implementation of the optimising control strategy a throughput of 5.0 million t relative to the target of 4.4 million t was achieved for the 1998-operating year. The Sadiola project confirms that advanced process control techniques are among the most cost-and time-effective methods of improving metallurgical plant performance. The recipe that worked at Sadiola is a mix of metallurgical expertise, proper software selection, adequate design of control philosophy, and excellent plant support and follow-up. The early decision, design and installation of the mill control system have resulted in an enhanced Return on Investment. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167452800800150 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9136 Author: Tao, Peng, Lianying, Sun and Hong, Bao Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Design and implementation of ATM simulation system based on MVC pattern Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Educational and Information Technology Volume: 1 Pages: V1-328-V1-331 Date: 17-19 Sept. 2010 Short Title: Design and implementation of ATM simulation system based on MVC pattern DOI: 10.1109/ICEIT.2010.5607693 Keywords: authorisation automatic teller machines computer science education digital simulation educational courses graphical user interfaces object-oriented programming software architecture ATM simulation system MVC pattern group discussion model-view-controller pattern role-based access control principle software design and development course teaching teaching reform Asynchronous transfer mode Biological system modeling Computational modeling Databases ATM system MVC software design and development teaching case Abstract: The Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern style separates software into models representing core functionality, views which display the models to the user, and controllers which let the user change the models. Although more sophisticated architectures have since been developed, MVC is interesting to explore because its simplicity makes it more acceptable to practitioners and it is beginning to be come well-known in industry. This paper presents teaching reform and practice of the course - “software design and development”, using the methods of case analysis and group discussion. In the teaching reform, the teaching case, ATM simulation system based MVC design pattern was illustrated. The usage of MVC pattern was illustrated. Moreover, the ways to deal with business rules variation were also described and compared with each other. At last, the problem of permission management was explained based on role-based access control principle. Students are very familiar with the domain of this system and so teaching effect can be improved. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9472 Author: Wu, C. and Wang, B. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Design and Implementation of Embedded Ethernet Accessing in Data Collection and Processing System Based on ADSP-BF533 Conference Name: 2008 International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems Symposia Pages: 271-274 Date: 29-31 July 2008 Short Title: Design and Implementation of Embedded Ethernet Accessing in Data Collection and Processing System Based on ADSP-BF533 DOI: 10.1109/ICESS.Symposia.2008.45 Keywords: embedded systems local area networks software architecture ADSP-BF533 Linux driver module data collection embedded Ethernet accessing embedded system hardware architecture industrial Ethernet control industry control rapid development Application software Control systems Data engineering Design engineering Electrical equipment industry Ethernet networks Hardware Protocols Signal analysis TCPIP BF533 socket uClinux Abstract: With the rapid development of embedded system, it takes an important role in the industrial Ethernet control domain. Joining a project, this paper presents a cost-effective and high performance scheme of Ethernet accessing in data collection and processing system which based on ADSP-BF533. Implementation of hardware and software architecture is provided, and then the method for programming the driver module in Linux is introduced. At last a feasible solution for acquiring data in industrial locale is proposed. It has proved it can work effectively and reliably in application, and satisfy the application request. So it has very good reference significance in the field of industry control. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9069 Author: Guoxiong, H., Li, H. and Xinghe, Y. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: The design and implementation of ordering system based on ARM Conference Name: 2011 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC) Pages: 1079-1082 Date: 9-11 Sept. 2011 Short Title: The design and implementation of ordering system based on ARM DOI: 10.1109/ICECC.2011.6066338 Keywords: customer services embedded systems marketing microprocessor chips mobile computing order processing ARM9 S3C24410 WinCE operating system migration beverage automation business efficiency embedded handheld wireless ordering system food automation manpower catering cost software development Educational institutions Flash memory Handheld computers SDRAM Servers Software Wireless communication ARM Embedded System order dishes wince Abstract: In order to improve business efficiency and save manpower catering costs, and to attain food and beverage automation, we design and accomplish a new embedded handheld wireless ordering system based on ARM9 S3C24410. The system completed the wince operating system migration and software development based on the S3C2410. Paper describes in details the system's hardware and software design and implementation. The test shows that the system has the characteristics of low cost, friendly UI, easy to operate, powerful function, easy to update and maintain. It has a positive role in improving the quality of service has a positive role in promoting. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9592 Author: Lin, Z., Meng, D. and Zhong, Q. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Design and Implementation of OTG Communication System Terminal Based on USB Conference Name: 2011 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering (CASE) Pages: 1-4 Date: 30-31 July 2011 Short Title: Design and Implementation of OTG Communication System Terminal Based on USB DOI: 10.1109/ICCASE.2011.5997526 Keywords: microcontrollers mobile communication peripheral interfaces power aware computing program debugging protocols software architecture CodeWarrior IDE MCF52223 MCU OTG communication system terminal OTG drive software OTG software architecture USB host function USB on-the-go communication system terminal USB peripheral function initialization mode judgement software interface circuit design portable device power management circuit role switch protocol software packet software debugging Hardware Plugs Resistors Software Switches Universal Serial Bus Abstract: To mobile communication requirement of portable device, a USB On-The-Go (OTG) communication system terminal, based on Freescale's 32-bit MCU - MCF52223, is designed in the paper. The system terminal can implement USB host function and USB peripheral function. The system design includes software part and hardware part. The hardware design includes power management circuit and interface circuit design. The OTG software on the IDE of CodeWarrior is designed by component thinking. Firstly, we build the OTG software architecture and analyze its structural characteristics. Secondly, initialization mode judgement software, OTG drive software, host/peripheral software packet and role switch protocol software packet also are designed on the basis of software architecture. Finally, the debugging result is shown in the paper. The result shows that the system terminal can implement not only host function but also peripheral function and has stable performance. Meanwhile, the design also provides a guide to application terminal design based on USB OTG. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8240 Author: Szykman, Simon and Sriram, Ram D. Year: 2006 Title: Design and implementation of the Web-enabled NIST design repository Journal: ACM Trans. Internet Technol. Volume: 6 Issue: 1 Pages: 85-116 Short Title: Design and implementation of the Web-enabled NIST design repository ISSN: 1533-5399 DOI: 10.1145/1125274.1125278 Legal Note: 1125278 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9422 Author: Changyuan, Wang and Jing, Zhang Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Design and implementation of Weapons Fault Diagnosis Expert System Platform Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM 2010) Volume: 7 Pages: V7-578-V7-581 Date: 22-24 Oct. 2010 Short Title: Design and implementation of Weapons Fault Diagnosis Expert System Platform ISBN: 2161-9069 DOI: 10.1109/ICCASM.2010.5620629 Keywords: expert systems fault diagnosis knowledge representation military computing object-oriented programming user interfaces weapons complex knowledge representation method component based software design reusable expert system user interface weapons fault weapons fault diagnosis expert system platform Cognition expert system platform weapon and equipment Abstract: By analyzing the distinguishing features of the current popular weapons fault diagnosis expert system, as well as using component-based software design and complex knowledge representation methods, this paper proposes a solution of overall design and a description of user interfaces about the Weapons Fault Diagnosis Expert System Platform. It studies and discusses the complex knowledge representation about the reusable expert system. The implementation essentials in a variety of reasoning mechanisms are also discussed. It is proved that, a special weapons fault diagnosis expert system can be generated using this expert system platform and the special knowledge of the weapons fault. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9393 Author: Yue, Youjun, Li, Xiang, Wang, Zongqiang and Zong, Qun Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Design and realization of multi-function car-carry fault diagnosis system Conference Name: Proceedings 2011 International Conference on Transportation, Mechanical, and Electrical Engineering (TMEE) Pages: 1949-1952 Date: 16-18 Dec. 2011 Short Title: Design and realization of multi-function car-carry fault diagnosis system DOI: 10.1109/TMEE.2011.6199596 Keywords: SQL automobiles design engineering expert systems fault diagnosis fault trees inference mechanisms interactive systems mechanical engineering computing user interfaces FTA SQLite database automotive engine body parts chassis systems electrical equipment expert system inference engine fault tree analysis inference machine interactive search method interpreter program multifunction car-carry fault diagnosis system design multifunction car-carry fault diagnosis system realization preset text reasoning mechanism system human-machine interface operating results vehicle fault diagnosis expert knowledge base vehicle status monitoring module design Databases Engines Vehicles Expert System fault tree Abstract: The present study fist proposed the structure of a multi-function car-carry fault diagnosis system, and the design of vehicle status monitoring module. Secondly, this paper analyzed the design of vehicle fault diagnosis expert knowledge base, inference machine and interpreter program. The paper used fault tree analysis (FTA) to establish fault tree of automotive engine, chassis systems, body parts and electrical equipment, then simplified the fault tree to form fault diagnosis rules, and establishes car-carry fault diagnosis expert system knowledge base. In its software implementation, SQLite database is used to save and manage diagnostic rules. Expert system inference engine uses an interactive search method based adopt reasoning mechanism. The expert system uses preset text to realize explanation. Finally, this paper discusses hardware and software design of the fault diagnosis system, and demonstrates the system's human-machine interface operating results. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8842 Author: Liu, Y. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: The Design and Realization of the Automatic Generation System of 2D Animation Conference Name: 2016 International Conference on Intelligent Transportation, Big Data & Smart City (ICITBS) Pages: 475-478 Date: 17-18 Dec. 2016 Short Title: The Design and Realization of the Automatic Generation System of 2D Animation DOI: 10.1109/ICITBS.2016.109 Keywords: art artificial intelligence computer animation 2.5 dimensional layer space 2D animation 3D animation animation script artificial intelligence technology automatic generation system cartoon art computer aided animation creative industry significance cultural significance film art research field frame display one-dimensional discrete spatial two-dimensional continuous spatial Big Data Smart cities Transportation automatic generation knowledge storage layer planning software design Abstract: Automatically generation of full life cycle computer aided animation is a combination of a cartoon art, artificial intelligence technology and film art research field. In 3D animation automatically generated there has been progress, this paper attempts to expand it to the field of two-dimensional animation, this paper puts forward a 2D animation auto generation technology. For the two-dimensional animation features, this paper designed a series of innovative technologies and methods, in principle realized from the whole process of animation script to the two-dimensional animation automatic conversion, and has developed a prototype system to verify the design idea. This topic has the important scientific research significance, the cultural significance and the creative industry significance. According to the characteristics of two-dimensional animation frame by frame display, this paper will automatically generating 2D animation design established in two-dimensional continuous spatial (horizontal and vertical) and one-dimensional discrete spatial (depth) of 2.5 dimensional layer space. Layer is the frame of the drawing carrier, in the two-dimensional animation of the planning and generation process plays a key role. 2.5 dimensional layer space is a layer of multiple layers, so the expression of animation elements in the 2.5 dimensional space and three-dimensional space is completely different. This makes the automatic generation of 2D animation can not fully follow the research ideas of the automatic generation of 3D animation, it is needed to design some new techniques for the characteristics of 2D animation. This is a challenge, but also has important research value. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9344 Author: Garcia, J. G., Ortega, J. G., Nieto, L. N. and Garcia, A. S. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Design and Validation of an Open Architecture for an Industrial Robot Conference Name: 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics Pages: 2004-2009 Date: 4-7 June 2007 Short Title: Design and Validation of an Open Architecture for an Industrial Robot ISBN: 2163-5137 DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2007.4374915 Keywords: control system CAD force control industrial manipulators open systems robot programming software architecture complex programming control design industrial manipulator industrial robot manipulator interaction model-based control open software architecture open software platforms robotic manipulator systems sensor-based control simulation functions Computer architecture Electrical equipment industry Functional programming Manipulators Robot sensing systems Service robots Software systems Abstract: In the improvement of robotic manipulator systems, open software platforms play an important role in control design of robots, especially where new techniques, as force control, want to be included. A good platform can provide both simulation functions that speed up the development of different algorithms and experimentation functions which include complex programming and huge data collection. This paper presents a new open software architecture for an industrial manipulator that permits easy implementation of model-based and sensor-based control concepts. In addition, it proves to be interesting for robotics research since it allows the integration of standard industrial components. The entire system has been successfully developed, implemented, and demonstrated for a robotic task which required the interaction between the manipulator and an unknown environment. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9547 Author: Pollard, A. M. and McGee, T. G. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Design considerations for a Guidance, Navigation, and Control sensor system for a robotic lunar lander Conference Name: 2011 Aerospace Conference Pages: 1-10 Date: 5-12 March 2011 Short Title: Design considerations for a Guidance, Navigation, and Control sensor system for a robotic lunar lander ISBN: 1095-323X DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2011.5747339 Keywords: aerospace robotics aircraft landing guidance planetary rovers position measurement robotic assembly International Lunar Network assembly design control sensor system navigation sensor technologies position measurements robotic lunar lander guidance robotic lunar lander navigation Assembly Cameras Moon Navigation Optical sensors Robot sensing systems Surface treatment Abstract: With the goal of developing a preliminary hardware and software design of a Guidance, Navigation and Control Subsystem of a robotic lunar lander for various potential missions including the International Lunar Network (ILN), navigation sensor technologies are researched and their maturity is assessed. The results of the broad technology assessment are compared with requirements generated from known or estimated design constraints, modeling and simulation results, and subject-matter expert consultations to validate the assembly design. The results identify the current baseline and some alternative components for the lander. The nominal sensor configuration baselines assume that precision landing is desired for the mission even though some of the mission concepts, including the ILN mission, could be achieved without precision landing. In these cases, the specific sensors used for precision terrain relative position measurements are removed from the configuration. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9620 Author: Parthipan, S., Senthil Velan, S. and Babu, C. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Design level metrics to measure the complexity across versions of AO software Conference Name: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Communications, Control and Computing Technologies Pages: 1708-1714 Date: 8-10 May 2014 Short Title: Design level metrics to measure the complexity across versions of AO software DOI: 10.1109/ICACCCT.2014.7019400 Keywords: Java aspect-oriented programming computational complexity educational administrative data processing software maintenance software metrics software quality AO software AspectJ aspect oriented software design design level metrics quality attributes quantitative assessment software development methodology software metric university automation system version complexity Complexity theory Software Abstract: Software metric plays a vital role in quantitative assessment of any specific software development methodology and its impact on the maintenance of software. It can also be used to indicate the degree of interdependence among the components by providing valuable feedback about quality attributes such as maintainability, modifiability and understandability. The effort for software maintenance normally has a high correlation with the complexity of its design. Aspect Oriented Software Design is an emerging methodology that provides powerful new techniques to improve the modularity of software from its design. In this paper, evaluation model to capture the symptoms of complexity has been defined consisting of metrics, artifacts and elements of complexity. A tool to automatically capture these metrics across different versions of a case study application, University Automation System has been developed. The values obtained for the proposed metrics are used to infer on the complexity of Java and AspectJ implementations of the case study application. These measurements indicate that AspectJ implementations are less complex compared to the Java implementations and there by positively influencing the maintainability of software. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8444 Author: Xia, Yongquan, Shen, Han and Dong, Xiangying Year: 2011 Title: The Design of 3G Mobile Video Surveillance System Based On J2ME Platform Journal: Procedia Engineering Volume: 15 Pages: 2423-2427 Date: // Short Title: The Design of 3G Mobile Video Surveillance System Based On J2ME Platform ISSN: 1877-7058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.455 Keywords: 3G Mobile Video Surveillance J2ME Platform Wireless Networks Abstract: The moving video surveillance system plays an important role in many fields, a moving video surveillance system based on 3G wireless network is proposed in this paper. The increasing bandwidth of 3G wireless networks provides us with implementing the moving video monitoring in 3G mobile. The J2ME platform is applied in 3G mobile video monitoring software design because of the outstanding mobile application development platform and cross-platform advantage. The design of mobile video surveillance is discussed and presents a mobile client development details. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705811019564 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8292 Author: Esteban, Gonzalo, Fern, Camino, #225, ndez, Conde, Miguel A., Matell, Vicente and #225 Year: 2013 Title: Design of a haptic simulator framework for modelling surgical learning systems Conference Name: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Technological Ecosystem for Enhancing Multiculturality Conference Location: Salamanca, Spain Publisher: ACM Pages: 87-94 DOI: 10.1145/2536536.2536551 Place Published: 2536551 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8741 Author: Van Den Bossche, Bruno, Van Hoecke, Sofie, Danneels, Chris, Decruyenaere, Johan, Dhoedt, Bart and De Turck, Filip Year: 2008 Title: Design of a JAIN SLEE/ESB-based platform for routing medical data in the ICU Journal: Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Volume: 91 Issue: 3 Pages: 265-277 Date: 9// Short Title: Design of a JAIN SLEE/ESB-based platform for routing medical data in the ICU ISSN: 0169-2607 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2008.05.003 Keywords: Intensive Care Units Computer assisted decision making Software architectures Computer systems evaluation High performance computing Abstract: The importance of computer aided decision making is continuously increasing. In the ICU, medical decision support services gather and process medical data of patients and present results and suggestions to the medical staff. The medical decision support services can monitor for example blood pressure, creatinine levels or the usage of antibiotics. If certain levels are crossed, they raise alerts so that the medical staff can take appropriate actions if required. This significantly reduces the amount of data needing to be processed by the medical staff. To handle the large amount of data that is generated by the ICU on a daily basis, a platform for routing and processing this data is necessary. In this paper we propose a platform based on JAIN SLEE and an Enterprise Service Bus. The platform takes care of the routing of the data to the appropriate services and allows to easily deploy and manage services. In this paper, we present the design details and the evaluation results. Furthermore, it is shown that the platform is capable of routing and processing all the events generated by the ICU within strict time constraints. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169260708001235 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9360 Author: Lin, Z., Meng, M. Q. H., Chen, W., Liang, H. and Liu, X. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Design of a PDA-based telerobotic system Conference Name: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO) Pages: 1563-1567 Date: 15-18 Dec. 2007 Short Title: Design of a PDA-based telerobotic system DOI: 10.1109/ROBIO.2007.4522397 Keywords: client-server systems control system CAD graphical user interfaces mobile robots notebook computers radio networks software architecture telerobotics transport protocols PDA-based telerobotic system Sony AIBO robot TCP UDP client-server software architecture graphic user interface mobile robot wireless network Computer architecture Costs Feedback Insulation Network servers Personal digital assistants Wireless networks Internet Robot Teleoperation Telerobotic Telerobotic System Abstract: Teleoperation system plays an important role in executing tasks under hazardous environments. Unfortunately, most of the traditional teleoperation systems are expensive and bulky thus not suitable to provide real-world services. This paper introduces a novel architecture for the teleoperation of mobile robot based on Personal Digital Assistant(PDA) with mobility, facility and low cost. The architecture mainly consists of a Sony AIBO robot and a PDA, which communicate with each other via wireless network. A client-server software architecture is employed, in which the client software is insulated from the low-level details of the server. TCP and UDP are respectively used to transmit control commands and feedback information to meet the different needs of the two kinds data. A friendly Graphic User Interface is also designed to make the teleoperation as maneuverable as possible. This architecture is implemented finally.The experiment results well demostrate the feasibility and effectiveness of such a PDA-based telerobotic architecture. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9433 Author: Naeem, W., Xu, T., Sutton, R. and Chudley, J. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Design of an Unmanned Catamaran with Pollutant Tracking and Surveying Capabilities Conference Name: 2006 UKACC Control 2006 Mini Symposia Pages: 99-113 Date: 31-31 Aug. 2006 Short Title: Design of an Unmanned Catamaran with Pollutant Tracking and Surveying Capabilities Keywords: fault tolerance linear quadratic Gaussian control marine vehicles mobile robots remotely operated vehicles sensor fusion telerobotics Springer fault tolerant multi-sensor data fusion navigational sensors pollutant tracking surveying capabilities unmanned catamaran unmanned surface vehicle guidance and control linear quadratic Gaussian multi-sensor data fusion navigation Abstract: An unmanned catamaran named Springer is being developed by the Marine and Industrial Dynamic Analysis Research Group at the University of Plymouth to conduct environmental and geographical surveys in shallow waters. An equally important secondary role envisaged for Springer is as a platform for other marine research groups to test their own systems onboard the vehicle. This paper highlights Springer hardware and software architecture including various navigational sensors, speed controller and an environmental monitoring unit. Details regarding the development of a fault tolerant multi-sensor data fusion technique are also outlined. Moreover, control strategy based on a linear quadratic Gaussian with loop transfer recovery theory is presented which would be implemented in Springer for track keeping Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9077 Author: Chen, X. l. and Yang, Y. w. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Design of bus vehicle monitoring terminal design on S3C6410 Conference Name: World Automation Congress 2012 Pages: 1-4 Date: 24-28 June 2012 Short Title: Design of bus vehicle monitoring terminal design on S3C6410 ISBN: 2154-4824 Keywords: Embedded GPRS GPS Linux Vehicle Monitoring Video Surveillance Abstract: This paper introduces a design of the embedded bus vehicle monitoring terminal. The terminal includes two parts: bus monitoring remote monitoring and its monitoring of passenger car. The design played a good role for the current bus operators on bus real-time monitoring and management, also solved by bus in the driving process problems can not get timely feedback problem. These articles emphatically elaborated the system hardware and software design, each function module and in the bus vehicle terminal monitoring system function. This design experiments many times, and achieved good results. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9637 Author: Yin, Qun and Zhang, Jianbo Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Design of cloud services platform based on JSON Conference Name: 2014 9th International Conference on Computer Science & Education Pages: 560-565 Date: 22-24 Aug. 2014 Short Title: Design of cloud services platform based on JSON DOI: 10.1109/ICCSE.2014.6926524 Keywords: cloud computing project management software metrics software quality JCFXBL platform JSON cloud service platform design data services development phase implementation phase software design software development complexity software development management software quality improvement systems integration projects Computers Context Cryptography Integrated circuits Simple object access protocol management software platform Abstract: With the increasing range of software development and applications, the scale of software development is becoming larger and larger. The larger software's scale is the more possible failed in the phase of design, development, and implementation in software. As a starting point to improve the management and development of software, this paper designs a service platform for data services - JCFXBL. JCFXBL is mainly used to solve two issues, one is the management of software development, and the other is the technology of software development. In combination with two the practical application cases based on JCFXBL, from software development, software design, project management, the article describes the role of JCFXBL platform in the “Project Management” and “systems integration projects”, and verifies that JCFXBL platform can reduce the complexity of software development, improve software quality and solve software development, management issues, by actual software development. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9004 Author: Zhang, J. a., Jiang, Y. l. and Zhang, N. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Design of common task based parallel platform for power system analysis and stability assessment Conference Name: 2011 3rd International Conference on Computer Research and Development Volume: 1 Pages: 261-265 Date: 11-13 March 2011 Short Title: Design of common task based parallel platform for power system analysis and stability assessment DOI: 10.1109/ICCRD.2011.5764016 Keywords: file servers load dispatching parallel processing power grids power system analysis computing power system reliability power system stability software maintenance task analysis workstations calculation interface computation management service computation workstations configuration service console workstations data server database service electrical power dispatching centre file transfer service hardware management interconnected subsystems large scale network multiple analysis systems power grid reliability power system analysis raw data service result processing interface stability assessment task based parallel platform task dispatching service task partitioning interface task partitioning program Databases Dispatching Hardware Power system dynamics distributed processing multi-core processing parallel platform power system software architecture Abstract: Power system is tending to form a large scale network with numerous interconnected subsystems. In order to maintain the reliability and stability of the power grid, multiple analysis systems with specific hardware platforms are implemented in the electrical power dispatching centre, which makes the software maintenance and hardware management more complicated and ponderous. This paper describes a common task based parallel platform for power system analysis and stability assessment, in which multiple analysis systems and applications can be implemented respectively by sharing the same hardware and support software. The computers in the platform are assigned as data server, computation workstations or console workstations. There are two roles for the computation workstations, one is assumed the manager, and the others are assumed the node. The support software includes 9 programs: file transfer service, configuration service, database service, raw data service, task partitioning interface, task dispatching service, calculation interface, result processing interface and computation management service. Analysis systems and applications can easily be integrated into the platform by development of 3 programs: the task partitioning program, the calculation program and the result processing program. The parallel platform is designed to meet the needs of different applications, by which the hardware costs are reduced and the development cycle is shortened. It is also beneficial to enhance the reliability of power system operations. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8718 Author: Katalinic, Branko Year: 1992 Title: Design of Control Structures for Complex Flexible Manufacturing Systems Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 25 Issue: 8 Pages: 26-33 Date: 6// Short Title: Design of Control Structures for Complex Flexible Manufacturing Systems ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)54043-4 Keywords: FMS CIM design control structure scheduling planning optimisation expert system logistic control strategy Abstract: Mcidern FMS are composed from standard system components (machine tools, AGV, robots, storage, tools,.) which are possible to buy on the world market. But the system components alone cannot guarantee the functionality of FMS. The efficiency of FMS directly depend on FMS hardware and software design and on the ideas which are implemented. To realize the most complex FMS with limited resources and a lot of bottelnecks it is necessary to design and implement sophisticated algorithms to build up FMS working-scenarios and to solve the conflict situation and control such a system. This paper describes one new concept/method of designing control structures for most complex modern FMS. The method is successfully implemented and verified in practice in one new Austrian factory as a part of CIM solution. The method is based on queue theory and priority structure. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017540434 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8829 Author: Jigang, Duan Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Design of digital 2DOF servo system of shipboard tracking radar Conference Name: Proceedings of 2011 IEEE CIE International Conference on Radar Volume: 2 Pages: 1825-1829 Date: 24-27 Oct. 2011 Short Title: Design of digital 2DOF servo system of shipboard tracking radar ISBN: 1097-5764 DOI: 10.1109/CIE-Radar.2011.6159927 Keywords: fibre optic gyroscopes radar tracking ships target tracking MATLAB/Simulink all digital servo system digital 2DOF servo system digital current loop feedforward controller fiber optic gyroscope freedom controller structure hardware and software design inertial angular rate sensor mathematical model sensitivity function analysis shipboard tracking radar two degrees of freedom velocity loop DSP dynamic performance Abstract: All-digital servo system of shipboard tracking radar based on 2DOF (two degrees of freedom) system theory is designed in the paper. The paper puts forward a method of obtaining the feedforward controller of the two degrees of freedom system based on the step response curve of one degree of freedom system. The mathematical model of the servo system is established using MATLAB/Simulink, the two degrees of freedom velocity loop is designed, and the simulation results show that two degrees of freedom controller structure has significant role of enhancing the dynamic performance of the velocity loop, sensitivity function analysis verifies the robustness of the velocity loop. The hardware and software design of the servo system are Completed based on TMS320F28335 DSP, FOG (Fiber Optic Gyroscope) serves as inertial angular rate sensor of the velocity loop, the digital current loop is realized. Isolation experiment and tracking simulated moving target experiment are carried out, the experimental results show that the servo system has good dynamic performance and good disturbance attenuation capability. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9562 Author: Shella Arrum, Wardhani, Richard Karel Willem, Mengko and Agung Wahyu, Setiawan Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Design of drug-pregnancy alerting system to prevent harmful drug effect for pregnant women Conference Name: 2016 6th International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET) Pages: 67-71 Date: 3-4 Oct. 2016 Short Title: Design of drug-pregnancy alerting system to prevent harmful drug effect for pregnant women DOI: 10.1109/ICSEngT.2016.7849625 Keywords: Internet decision making decision support systems drug delivery systems drugs medical administrative data processing medical computing Adora Pharmacies Apache Web server DSS MySQL database PHP programming language Web-based application XAMPP package decision making system drug administration drug delivery drug-pregnancy alerting system harmful drug effect medical personnel medication administration errors pregnant women software DPAS-FPW system software design pregnancy alerting sytems teratogenic effects warning systems Alarm systems Hospitals Manuals Personnel Pregnancy Software Drug-Pregnancy Alerting Systems adverse drug prevention systems for pregnant women alert system to the drug for pregnant women Abstract: A small number of drugs that have teratogenic effects would be fatal and should not be given to a pregnant woman, so be required a software that can provide information with warning systems to reduce medication administration errors in pregnant women. System software Design Pregnancy Alerting Sytems For Pregnant Women (DPAS-FPW) is a web-based application that has been developed with the PHP programming language using XAMPP package consisting of Apache web server, PHP and MySQL database. This system is also a DSS (Decision-Making System), which serves to help users make decisions. Do comparative speed and accuracy of decision-making by medical personnel using the test case study with manual and with the help of software DPAS-FPW. Tests conducted at 50 medical personnel consisting of 26 general practioners and 24 pharmacists who are in Adora Pharmacies, Adika Pharmacies and Dustira Hospital. Do also test implementations DPAS-FPW on 20 pregnant women who get a prescription from the hospital. Dustira. Parameter tests conducted is how long processing time and accuracy in reaching a decision in drug delivery. From the test results can be concluded from the overall evaluation of the accuracy of medical personnel in answering a case study using the software DPAS-FPW compared with the manual method are respectively 241 and 181 the true answer. With the manually method within the range of 10-95 minutes, while with the help of DPAS-FPW lead time is only 4-9 minutes. In the implementation of the test results DPAS-FPW in pregnant women who have been prescribed the use DPAS-FPW can detect three pieces of drug administration is wrong in prescriptions given to pregnant women, the average processing time is done relatively quickly with just over 3:25 minutes. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9045 Author: Qinghua, Shang, Zhanyong, Yin, Jinjia, Li and Chenggong, Ding Year of Conference: 2011 Title: The design of single loop adjuster based on the wireless network Conference Name: Proceedings of 2011 6th International Forum on Strategic Technology Volume: 2 Pages: 953-956 Date: 22-24 Aug. 2011 Short Title: The design of single loop adjuster based on the wireless network DOI: 10.1109/IFOST.2011.6021178 Keywords: hardware-software codesign microprocessor chips centralized control digital adjuster hardware-and-software design industrial control microprocessor remote supervisory computer single loop adjuster single loop adjustment wireless mode wireless network Antennas Computers Robots hardware remote control software Abstract: Single loop adjuster which is realized as a digital adjuster with the function of single loop adjustment by microprocessor, has a vital role in industrial control. This paper puts forward a method of using wireless mode, which sets the injunction to single loop adjuster on remote supervisory computer for centralized control, and has a deep research on hardware and software design of specific system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9109 Author: Yaling, Wang, Zhijie, Luo, Guangdong, Qiu and Guofu, Zhou Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Design of Smart Watch system based on E-paper Conference Name: 10th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems Pages: 327-330 Date: 7-11 April 2015 Short Title: Design of Smart Watch system based on E-paper DOI: 10.1109/NEMS.2015.7147437 Keywords: Bluetooth electronic paper hardware-software codesign mobile computing watches wearable computers Bluetooth 4.0 module E-paper IIC interface acceleration sensor human health microprocessor pedometer function smart watch system wearable devices Acceleration Hardware Real-time systems Smart phones Software design Abstract: Smart Smart Watch is one of wearable devices which have become the current hot spot now. This paper simply introduces the development and application of the Smart Watch, the principles and characteristics of E-paper technology, and then proposes a design plan of the Smart Watch based on E-paper technology and shows the hardware and software design of the system. The microprocessor of the system communicates with Bluetooth 4.0 module through serial interface and display port information timely, receives information from the Acceleration Sensor through IIC interface and transmits the processed information to E-paper display to achieve pedometer function that will play a very important role in human health and life. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8813 Author: Prasetyo, N. A. and Bandung, Y. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: A design of software requirement engineering framework based on knowledge management and Service-Oriented Architecture Decision (SOAD) modeling framework Conference Name: 2015 International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation (ICITSI) Pages: 1-6 Date: 16-19 Nov. 2015 Short Title: A design of software requirement engineering framework based on knowledge management and Service-Oriented Architecture Decision (SOAD) modeling framework DOI: 10.1109/ICITSI.2015.7437708 Keywords: decision making knowledge management service-oriented architecture SOAD modeling framework architectural design decision making knowledge processing knowledge-dissapear problem service-oriented architecture decision modeling framework software design phase software requirement engineering framework design sofware development methods Knowledge engineering Organizations Requirements engineering Stakeholders knowledge management in requirement engineering Abstract: Sofware development methods can be varied. One of them is in-house software development method. Here, programmer's knowledge takes the important role in successful development processes, especially in requirement engineering stage. In this stage, requirement is neeeded to be identified, analyzed, specified, and validated to ensure that developed software meets stakeholder needs. Organizations need to make effort in managing programmer's knowledge about requirement engineering, so they will not need to deal with knowledge-dissapear problem. Many researches in knowledge management area propose solutions to deal with this problem. Inspired by concept of knowledge processing, SOAD modeling framework is proposed to help software architect in making decision in software design phase. It gives detail description about how knowledge can be processed and utilized to support software architect in making architectural design decision. However, SOAD is proposed for software design stage, instead of requirement engineering stage. This difference position brings consequences that we need to tailor the framework so we can utilize it in requirement engineering stage. In this paper, we propose a design of framework for requirement engineering by adopting the concept of knowledge management and also tailoring The Service-Oriented Architecture Decision (SOAD) modeling framework. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8763 Author: Kim, S. J., Suh, N. P. and Kim, S. G. Year: 1991 Title: Design of Software System Based on Axiomatic Design Journal: CIRP Annals Volume: 40 Issue: 1 Pages: 165-170 Date: // Short Title: Design of Software System Based on Axiomatic Design ISSN: 0007-8506 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)61959-3 Keywords: Software Design Axioms Abstract: The ability to utilize the fully automated flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) or develop a reliable computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) system will depend on our ability to develop reliable and reusable softwares for large complex systems on a timely basis. To date, software design has not gone beyond the ad hoc trail-and-error stage. Consequently, the development of software is slow, expensive, unreliable, and unmanageable. The purpose of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for designing software. The approach used here is the axiomatic design, which is based on two design axioms: the Independence Axiom and the Information Axiom. The axiomatic approach is based on the recognition of the following common elements in design: the existence of independent domains (i.e., the consumer domain. the functional domain, the physical domain, and the process domain); the need to map between various domains during the design process: the decomposition of the characteristic vectors (i.e., functional requirements, design parameters, and process variables) in their respective domains: the zigzagging required between the domains for decomposition; and the need to satisfy the design axioms during the design process. The axiomatic approach discussed in this paper provides decision making tools for software design in addition to systematic means of knowledge and data representation, synthesis and analysis of software, and the construction of the module-junction structure diagram. Notes: framework, not behavior URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007850607619593 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8764 Author: Kim, Sun-Jae, Suh, Nam P. and Kim, Sang-Gook Year: 1991 Title: Design of software systems based on axiomatic design Journal: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Volume: 8 Issue: 4 Pages: 243-255 Date: // Short Title: Design of software systems based on axiomatic design ISSN: 0736-5845 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0736-5845(91)90036-R Abstract: The ability to utilize fully automated flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) or develop reliable computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) systems will depend on our ability to develop reliable and reusable software for large complex systems on a timely basis. To date, software design has not gone very far beyond the ad hoc trial-and-error stage. Consequently, the development of software is slow, expensive, unreliable, and unmanageable. The purpose of this paper is to provide a scientific basis for designing software. The approach used here is that of axiomatic design, which is based on two design axioms: the Independence Axiom and the Information Axiom. The axiomatic approach is based on the recognition of the following common elements in design: the existence of independent domains (i.e. the consumer domain, the functional domain, the physical domain, and the process domain); the need to map between various domains during the design process; the decomposition of the characteristic vectors (i.e. functional requirements, design parameters, and process variables) in their respective domains; the zig-zagging required between the domains for decomposition; and the need to satisfy the design axioms during the design process. The axiomatic approach discussed in this paper provides decision making tools for software design in addition to systematic means of knowledge and data representation, synthesis and analysis of software, and the construction of the module-junction structure diagram. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/073658459190036R Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9408 Author: Berendsen, F. F., Marstal, K., Klein, S. and Staring, M. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: The Design of SuperElastix — A Unifying Framework for a Wide Range of Image Registration Methodologies Conference Name: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW) Pages: 498-506 Date: June 26 2016-July 1 2016 Short Title: The Design of SuperElastix — A Unifying Framework for a Wide Range of Image Registration Methodologies DOI: 10.1109/CVPRW.2016.69 Keywords: C++ language image registration software engineering user interfaces C++ SUPERelastix algorithmic network functional registration components generic component handshake mechanism high-level user interface mathematical registration role-based software design Algorithm design and analysis Measurement Optimization Software Software algorithms Splines (mathematics) Transforms Abstract: A large diversity of image registration methodologies has emerged from the research community. The scattering of methods over toolboxes impedes rigorous comparison to select the appropriate method for a given application. Toolboxes typically tailor their implementations to a mathematical registration paradigm, which makes internal functionality nonexchangeable. Subsequently, this forms a barrier for adoption of registration technology in the clinic. We therefore propose a unifying, role-based software design that can integrate a broad range of functional registration components. These components can be configured into an algorithmic network via a single highlevel user interface. A generic component handshake mechanism provides users feedback on incompatibilities. We demonstrate the viability of our design by incorporating two paradigms from different code bases. The implementation is done in C++ and is available as open source. The progress of embedding more paradigms can be followed via https://github.com/kaspermarstal/SuperElastix. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9560 Author: Merritt, J. C. and Monroe, F. E. Year of Conference: 1988 Title: Design of table-driven ATE models in a simulation environment Conference Name: 1988. IMTC-88. 5th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Pages: 27-31 Date: 20-22 Apr 1988 Short Title: Design of table-driven ATE models in a simulation environment DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.1988.10813 Keywords: automatic test equipment digital simulation electronic equipment testing modules programming environments weapons IEEE-488 instrument-simulation models TPS integration US Air Force weapons systems command-level programmability dedicated automatic test equipment electronics modules simulation environment table-driven ATE models test program set top-down software design Application software Instruments Software debugging Software design Software testing Software tools System testing Abstract: A set of generic IEEE-488 instrument-simulation models is described. The evolution of the design from earlier, less flexible, dedicated automatic test equipment (ATE) models is traced, along with the driving interface requirements and application environment. The higher-level application environment, in support of test program set (TPS) development for electronics modules used in US Air Force weapons systems, is also explained. The ATE models play a key role as part of a functional-unit-under-test (UUT) simulation tool, used during TPS integration to assist in software debug/test and modification. The top-down software design of a typical instrument model is presented, with emphasis on the functional and reusable nature of the model template. Equipment characteristic tables isolate interface and command-level programmability features from executable code. Potential applications for the ATE simulation approach are summarized, and benefits of using the approach are related with respect to increased capabilities, faster integration time, and ease of model control Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8797 Author: Xue, X., Cheng, X., Xu, B., Zheng, Y. and Wang, P. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Design of Testing & Identification System of Electronic Recycling Equipment for Certain Missile Based on Support Vector Machine Conference Name: 2016 9th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID) Volume: 1 Pages: 307-310 Date: 10-11 Dec. 2016 Short Title: Design of Testing & Identification System of Electronic Recycling Equipment for Certain Missile Based on Support Vector Machine DOI: 10.1109/ISCID.2016.1077 Keywords: expert systems fault diagnosis inference mechanisms maintenance engineering military computing military equipment missiles recycling support vector machines SVM electronic recycling equipment expert system inference machine fault diagnosis expert system general technical plan hardware design host computer maintainability appraisal system maintenance cost missile module unit reusable resources slave computer testing system software design support vector machine systematic analysis Computational intelligence Decision support systems Handheld computers SVM Expert System Testing & Appraisal Abstract: Given the fact of unscientific treatment of electronic recycling equipment in a type of missile and mass waste of reusable resources, and basing on in-depth study of the characteristics of faults with electronic recycling equipment in such missile, systematic analysis is made regarding fundamental principles of maintainability appraisal of electronic recycling equipment in such missile, with general technical plan for maintainability appraisal system integrating testing by slave computer, fault locating with host computer and calculation of maintenance cost proposed, and innovative method for locating the fault in module unit or key component by embedding support vector machine(SVM) into expert system inference machine, and fault diagnosis expert system is contrived based on SVM, together with scheme of hardware and software design offered for slave computer testing system, intending to guide and for reference in the development of maintainability appraisal system for electronic recycling equipment in other types of missiles. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8810 Author: Li, W., Xu, G., Tong, H. and Xu, Y. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Design of Vehicle Control Unit Based on DSP for a Parallel HEV Conference Name: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics Pages: 1597-1601 Date: 18-21 Aug. 2007 Short Title: Design of Vehicle Control Unit Based on DSP for a Parallel HEV ISBN: 2161-8151 DOI: 10.1109/ICAL.2007.4338827 Keywords: control system synthesis digital control digital signal processing chips hybrid electric vehicles optimisation complex optimization algorithms digital signal processor energy management strategy hardware design hybrid electric vehicle parallel HEV software design vehicle control unit design Automatic control Control systems Digital signal processing Digital signal processors Energy management Hardware Real time systems Signal processing algorithms DSP TMS320F2812 automatic code generation Abstract: This paper presents a DSP based vehicle control unit (VCU) for hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Digital signal processor (DSP) based real time controller plays a key role in HEV system operation. It provides an efficient platform to run complex optimization algorithms for energy management strategy. First, the hardware design of VCU is introduced in detail. Then software design of VCU and C code automatic generation technical based on RTW are discussed. A flexible and configurable method is described to automatically deploy the Simulink-model into the VCU. Experimental results have demonstrated the reliability of hardware design and flexibility of software design of the proposed VCU. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9056 Author: Zhu, Yao-lin, Zhang, Gao-qiang, Zhu, Lei and Xu, Jin Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Design of wireless multi-point temperature transmission system based on nRF24L01 Conference Name: 2011 International Conference on Business Management and Electronic Information Volume: 3 Pages: 780-783 Date: 13-15 May 2011 Short Title: Design of wireless multi-point temperature transmission system based on nRF24L01 DOI: 10.1109/ICBMEI.2011.5920375 Keywords: microcontrollers microprocessor chips radio transceivers radiofrequency integrated circuits temperature sensors C8051F340 microcontroller DS18B20 RF chip nRF24L01 bandwidth 2.4 GHz complex wiring data reliability data security digital temperature sensor hardware design industrial production software design wireless multipoint temperature transmission wireless transceiver Registers Temperature distribution Timing Wireless communication Wireless sensor networks C8051F340 nRF24L01 temperature transmission Abstract: Temperature transmission technology plays an important role in the industrial production, but the security and reliability of data can not be guaranteed because of its difficult and complex wiring. As for these problems, this paper puts forward a wireless multi-point temperature transmission system with RF chip nRF24L01 for 2.4GHz band and high-precision 1-Wire bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20, and the system's hardware and software design is also discussed in this paper. The system can realize a real-time temperature transmission with C8051F340 microcontroller and the wireless transceiver nRF24L01. At the same time, the wireless transmission system can be achieved with low complexity and low cost. The test results show that the system has high accuracy and wide temperature range, which can reliably realize wireless data transmission. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8956 Author: Korkua, S. K. and Thinsurat, K. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: Design of ZigBee based WSN for smart demand responsive home energy management system Conference Name: 2013 13th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT) Pages: 549-554 Date: 4-6 Sept. 2013 Short Title: Design of ZigBee based WSN for smart demand responsive home energy management system DOI: 10.1109/ISCIT.2013.6645919 Keywords: Zigbee energy conservation energy management systems home automation protocols smart power grids system-on-chip wireless sensor networks CC2430 system on chip TOU pricing Thailand ZigBee based WSN ZigBee-IEEE 802.15.4 based wireless communication base station communication protocol energy saving smart demand responsive home energy management system smart grid time-of-use pricing wireless home energy management application wireless sensor network Electricity Energy management Home appliances Monitoring Demand Responsive Management Energy Efficiency Residential Sector Abstract: In order to enable the demand responsive program which is in the extension of the smart grid, a smart and wireless home energy management application plays a key important role. Therefore, in this paper, first the smart demand responsive energy management system under ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 based wireless communication is proposed. As the focus of this paper, the hardware design and implementation of a multiple nodes ZigBee based wireless sensor network are discussed. The communication protocol and software design for both wireless sensor network node and base station based on the CC2430 system on chip are also presented in detail. The analysis of demand response potential in term of time-of-use (TOU) pricing without enabling technology program in Thailand scenario is also investigated. Finally, by using the proposed load characterization and load prioritization under the concept of smart home energy management system, the bill savings benefits of demand responsive program can be proved while the target of energy saving is also achieved. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8137 Author: Riehle, Dirk Year: 2009 Title: Design pattern density defined Journal: SIGPLAN Not. Volume: 44 Issue: 10 Pages: 469-480 Short Title: Design pattern density defined ISSN: 0362-1340 DOI: 10.1145/1639949.1640125 Legal Note: 1640125 Abstract: Design pattern density is a metric that measures how much of an object-oriented design can be understood and represented as instances of design patterns. Expert developers have long believed that a high design pattern density implies a high maturity of the design under inspection. This paper presents a quantifiable and observable definition of this metric. The metric is illustrated and qualitatively validated using four real-world case studies. We present several hypotheses of the metric’s meaning and their implications, including the one about design maturity. We propose that the design pattern density of a maturing framework has a fixed point and we show that if software design patterns make learning frameworks easier, a framework’s design pattern density is a measure of how much easier it will become. Notes: more about understanding design Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8138 Author: Riehle, Dirk Year: 2009 Title: Design pattern density defined Conference Name: Proceedings of the 24th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications Conference Location: Orlando, Florida, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 469-480 DOI: 10.1145/1640089.1640125 Place Published: 1640125 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8446 Author: Bafandeh Mayvan, Bahareh and Rasoolzadegan, Abbas Year: 2017 Title: Design pattern detection based on the graph theory Journal: Knowledge-Based Systems Volume: 120 Pages: 211-225 Date: 3/15/ Short Title: Design pattern detection based on the graph theory ISSN: 0950-7051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2017.01.007 Keywords: Design pattern detection Pattern signature Graph theory Semantic graph Abstract: Design patterns are strategies for solving commonly occurring problems within a given context in software design. In the process of re-engineering, detection of design pattern instances from source codes can play a major role in understanding large and complex software systems. However, detecting design pattern instances is not always a straightforward task. In this paper, based on the graph theory, a new design pattern detection method is presented. The proposed detection process is subdivided into two sequential phases. In the first phase, we concern both the semantics and the syntax of the structural signature of patterns. To do so, the system under study and the patterns asked to be detected, are transformed into semantic graphs. Now, the initial problem is converted into the problem of finding matches in the system graph for the pattern graph. To reduce the exploration space, based on a predetermined set of criteria, the system graph is broken into the possible subsystem graphs. After applying a semantic matching algorithm and obtaining the candidate instances, by analyzing the behavioral signature of the patterns, in the second phase, final matches will be obtained. The performance of the suggested technique is evaluated on three open source systems regarding precision and recall metrics. The results demonstrate the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950705117300084 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9186 Author: Shakya, B. and Nantajeewarawat, E. Year of Conference: 2013 Title: A design pattern knowledge base and its application to sequence diagram design Conference Name: 2013 International Computer Science and Engineering Conference (ICSEC) Pages: 179-184 Date: 4-6 Sept. 2013 Short Title: A design pattern knowledge base and its application to sequence diagram design DOI: 10.1109/ICSEC.2013.6694775 Keywords: Java Unified Modeling Language knowledge representation languages object-oriented methods ontologies (artificial intelligence) software engineering Java expert system shell OWL UML sequence diagram Unified Modelling Language design pattern knowledge base object interaction ontology Web language operation contract sequence diagram design software design Concrete Context Contracts Indexes Knowledge based systems Production facilities Design pattern object interaction design ontology rule-based system sequence diagram Abstract: A design pattern describes a problem that commonly occurs in software design and provides the core of a tested and proven solution to that problem. It suggests an appropriate object responsibility assignment and provides guidelines on how to make changes in the state of objects in terms of object interaction. This research presents a framework for constructing a design pattern knowledge base. The structures of design patterns are represented using Ontology Web Language (OWL) and the design solutions suggested by design patterns are represented as rules in Java Expert System Shell. We demonstrate how the obtained knowledge base is employed to construct a UML sequence diagram from requirements specified in the form of an operation contract. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8012 Author: Hasso, Sargon and Carlson, Carl Year: 2013 Title: Design patterns as first-class connectors Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd annual conference on Research in information technology Conference Location: Orlando, Florida, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 37-42 DOI: 10.1145/2512209.2512219 Place Published: 2512219 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9602 Author: Froyd, J., Layne, J., Fowler, D. and Simpson, N. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Design patterns for faculty development Conference Name: 2007 37th Annual Frontiers In Education Conference - Global Engineering: Knowledge Without Borders, Opportunities Without Passports Pages: T1J-1-T1J-5 Date: 10-13 Oct. 2007 Short Title: Design patterns for faculty development ISBN: 0190-5848 DOI: 10.1109/FIE.2007.4418037 Keywords: continuing professional development STEM faculty members appreciative inquiry decoding design patterns diffusion faculty development Computer architecture Context modeling Education Educational programs Feedback Pattern recognition Portfolios Proposals Software design Abstract: Faculty development opportunities related to learning and teaching have common characteristics - every case is not new. Other disciplines, such as architecture and software design, have recognized commonalities within their fields and responded with use of "design patterns." In this paper, the authors identify three useful design patterns that have emerged in research on successful faculty development activities as models for thinking and communicating about contexts, challenges and responses in faculty development practice and outcomes. Three design patterns that have evolved in faculty development are diffusion, appreciative inquiry, and decoding the disciplines. Identification, delineation, and utilization of design patterns in faculty development have several potential benefits to STEM faculty members. First, the process promotes a paradigm shift from thinking of faculty development challenges as isolated occurrences to one that uses commonality to ease development of new activities and build on previous contributions. Second, it motivates greater application of the learning literature to faculty development by emphasizing analysis and feedback on what is going well and what can be learned from success before addressing change. Finally, it provides a way for faculty developers to think about challenges in their profession using processes familiar to them within their areas of disciplinary expertise. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8061 Author: Zamora, Paula Gomez and Do, Ellen Yi-Luen Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Design patterns in creative design processes Conference Name: Proceedings of the seventh ACM conference on Creativity and cognition Conference Location: Berkeley, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 373-374 Short Title: Design patterns in creative design processes DOI: 10.1145/1640233.1640307 Place Published: 1640307 Abstract: The paper presents the analysis of nine architects design processes with different design experience and expertise levels. The main goal is to visualize and analyze patterns between their design processes, design phases, design iterations, and software used to support creative process in every design phase. This study focused on four major components for analysis: lengths of design processes, naming of design phases, flows of design directions, and the number and types of software used in each phase. The future goal is to investigate whether specific software capabilities would increase or hinder creative behavior patterns during the design process. Notes: mostly students... 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://3415529326/Design patterns in creative design processes.pdf Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8232 Author: Mel, #211, Cinn, #233, ide and Fagan, Paddy Year: 2006 Title: Design patterns: the devils in the detail Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Pattern languages of programs Conference Location: Portland, Oregon, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-9 DOI: 10.1145/1415472.1415511 Place Published: 1415511 Abstract: The application of a design pattern in an industrial context is frequently a much more involved task than is described the pattern description itself. In this experience paper we report on a number of problems encountered in the application of several common patterns in commercial software systems. The problems we examine range in nature from details of the runtime environment that hamper pattern implementation (Singleton), to the software upgrade process breaking a pattern’s promise (Abstract Factory), to the consequences of the tight source code coupling produced by pattern application (Facade). Our conclusion is that while design patterns are indeed useful in industrial software development, there are more potential pitfalls in this area than is generally realised. In applying a design pattern, more must be taken into account than just the design context into which the pattern fits; issues to do with the low-level runtime environment as well as the higher-level software architecture, software process and social environment also play a role. 1. Notes: focus on patterns, not decision and behavior Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8550 Author: Ball, Linden J., Onarheim, Balder and Christensen, Bo T. Year: 2010 Title: Design requirements, epistemic uncertainty and solution development strategies in software design Journal: Design Studies Volume: 31 Issue: 6 Pages: 567-589 Date: 11// Short Title: Design requirements, epistemic uncertainty and solution development strategies in software design ISSN: 0142-694X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2010.09.003 Keywords: software design design strategy uncertainty mental simulation design requirements Abstract: This paper investigates the potential involvement of “epistemic uncertainty” in mediating between complex design requirements and strategic switches in software design strategies. The analysis revealed that the designers produced an initial “first-pass” solution to the given design brief in a breadth-first manner, with this solution addressing several easy-to-handle requirements. The designers then focused on adding relatively complex-to-handle requirements to this initial solution in what appeared to be a depth-first manner, as reflected, for example, by detailed mental simulations that spanned many transcript segments. Furthermore, such depth-first development of complex requirements was linked to increases in epistemic uncertainty, a finding that supports the predicted role of uncertainty in mediating between complex requirements and depth-first design. Overall these findings support a view of software design as involving a mixed breadth-first and depth-first solution development approach, with strategic switching to depth-first design being triggered by requirement complexity and being mediated by associated feelings of uncertainty. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142694X10000657 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://3088841241/Design requirements, epistemic uncertainty and.pdf Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8023 Author: Peckham, Joan Year: 2007 Title: Design techniques for the support of interdisciplinary research Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2007 Symposium on Science of Design Conference Location: Arcata, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 7-8 DOI: 10.1145/1496630.1496635 Place Published: 1496635 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7501 Author: Piirainen, Kalle A. and Briggs, Robert O. Year: 2011 Title: Design Theory in Practice – Making Design Science Research More Transparent Editor: Jain, Hemant, Sinha, Atish P. and Vitharana, Padmal Book Title: Service-Oriented Perspectives in Design Science Research: 6th International Conference, DESRIST 2011, Milwaukee, WI, USA, May 5-6, 2011. Proceedings Place Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Pages: 47-61 Short Title: Design Theory in Practice – Making Design Science Research More Transparent ISBN: 978-3-642-20633-7 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-20633-7_4 Label: Piirainen2011 Abstract: Design Science Research seeks to develop new generalizable knowledge about design processes, design products, and designed artifacts while solving organizational problems with new work practices based on information technology. However, the ability of Design Science Research to generate knowledge has been challenged by some scholars, due weak connection of the designed artifact to the knowledge base. Design Theories offer a promising approach to codify and generalize some aspects of the knowledge created, in particular that pertaining to design processes and products for a given class of information technology-based solutions. We present a case example to support our argument that Design Theory can be integrated into the context of Design Science Research to make the connection between the design and the knowledge base more transparent, rendering it easier to defend the rigor and generalizablity of the knowledge Design Science Research yields. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20633-7_4 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8505 Author: Muñoz, A. H., Chiang, L. E. and De la Jara, E. A. Year: 2014 Title: A design tool and fabrication guidelines for small low cost horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbines Journal: Energy for Sustainable Development Volume: 22 Pages: 21-33 Date: 10// Short Title: A design tool and fabrication guidelines for small low cost horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbines ISSN: 0973-0826 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2014.05.003 Keywords: Turbine Turbem Off-grid Cost Abstract: Small scale and low cost hydrokinetic turbines can effectively contribute to solve energy deficits in developing countries, particularly in isolated communities, but some obstacles remain before they become a cost effective solution. This work reports on a methodology for designing and fabricating the main parts of small scale horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbines (HAHT) optimized for a specific site or operation conditions. A suitable software design tool, and low cost fabrication methods within reach and understanding of less developed communities are the basis of this methodology. A free and open source software package called Turbem developed by the authors allows a non-expert user to enter a minimum set of parameters and to obtain the complete optimal rotor geometry of the HAHT, with its estimated performance curves and maximum stresses. Turbem uses a combined approach of BEM theory and pseudo-gradient root finding for rotor optimal design, and classical solid mechanics for preliminary structural verification. The geometric information generated is sufficient for fabricating the rotor by a wide range of methods, ranging from hand carving up to CNC machining. In the latter case, Turbem generates CNC programs that are downloadable to any standard CNC machine, for direct fabrication of the blades and hub, or blade section templates as well. Hence, a technically sound rotor can be fabricated at a very low cost using wood as core and applying external layups of fiberglass with epoxy resin, as described herein. Using this methodology, small scale, cost effective HAHTs can be custom designed to take full advantage of specific site stream velocities and bathymetry. A 5 kW (nominal) hydrokinetic turbine was successfully designed, fabricated and field tested in order to validate and improve this methodology. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082614000453 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8168 Author: Ko, Andrew J. and Chilana, Parmit K. Year: 2011 Title: Design, discussion, and dissent in open bug reports Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2011 iConference Conference Location: Seattle, Washington, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 106-113 DOI: 10.1145/1940761.1940776 Place Published: 1940776 Abstract: While studies have considered computer-mediated decision-making in several domains, few have considered the unique challenges posed in software design. To address this gap, a qualitative study of 100 contentious open source bug reports was performed. The results suggest that the immeasurability of many software qualities and conflicts between achieving original design intent and serving changing user needs led to a high reliance on anecdote, speculation, and generalization. The visual presentation of threaded discussions aggravated these problems making it difficult to view design proposals and comparative critiques. The results raise several new questions about the interaction between authority and evidence in online design discussions. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7968 Author: Zimmermann, Olaf Year: 2016 Title: Designed and delivered today, eroded tomorrow?: towards an open and lean architecting framework balancing agility and sustainability Conference Name: Proccedings of the 10th European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-1 DOI: 10.1145/2993412.3014339 Place Published: 3014339 Abstract: Architecting for cost-effectiveness, longevity and endurance has multiple, often conflicting dimensions. For instance, agile practices emphasize the need for speed in software design, development and delivery, but do not necessarily prioritize mid- to long-term qualities such as extensibility and knowledge preservation. Risk- and cost-driven architecture design methods, pragmatic modeling, and technical debt management can help practicing architects to focus their efforts, but have to be tailored to be effective (e.g., according to project context, organizational constraints, and cultural factors). Architectural styles such as service-oriented architectures and its currently trending microservices incarnation promise to improve flexibility and maintainability through their principles and patterns, but still have to prove their cost-benefit efficiency in the long run (e.g., over the multi-decade lifetime of business information systems). This keynote presentation distills a set of open, lean and sustainable architecture practices and techniques from industrial experiences and existing work in the software architecture literature, and reports on the progress towards blending these practices and techniques into a comprehensive, yet comprehensible architecture framework. The featured assets include quality stories [1], C4 architecture modeling [2], decision sharing with Y-statements [3], architecturally evident coding styles [4], architectural refactoring [1], (micro-)services principles and patterns [5], and architecture roadmapping [6]. Examples drawn from actual case studies in multiple business sectors and industries demonstrate the applicability of these practices and techniques. The presentation concludes with a discussion of the changes to the role of the software architect in the digital age [7]. These ongoing changes drive the identification of research problems and challenges for the practical adoption and lasting impact of the practices and techniques in the framework (and other contributions to the body of knowledge on sustainable architectures). Notes: keynote, not research Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9147 Author: Taylor, P. Year of Conference: 2000 Title: Designerly thinking: what software methodology can learn from design theory Conference Name: Proceedings International Conference on Software Methods and Tools. SMT 2000 Pages: 107-116 Date: 2000 Short Title: Designerly thinking: what software methodology can learn from design theory DOI: 10.1109/SWMT.2000.890426 Keywords: design engineering history social aspects of automation software engineering academic design architecture design act design expertise design languages design science design theory designerly thinking engineering process holistic views industrial design modern software product development non-software domains social context software creation software methodology Computer architecture Computer science Construction industry Design methodology Process design Software design Software quality Abstract: Design lies at the core of software creation and construction. Software methodology has traditionally conceptualised design as an engineering process, and attempted to express the design act as process steps and model transformations. The paper examines design from the rather different perspective of the non-software domains: architecture, industrial design and the academic design disciplines that have spawned `design science'. This community dealt with design methods in the 1960s and 70s, and has subsequently moved on to more relative and holistic views of design that integrate artefact and context closely. Three themes dominate the comparative exclusion into this territory: the inappropriateness of process to prescribe the act of synthesis, the need to consider the product's wider context including its history and social context, and the need to legitimise and manage internal ways of transferring designs, design expertise and design languages. A case is made for a broader based notion of software design, a kind of `designerly thinking' to help balance the intense demands on modern software product development, quality, and use Notes: not about software development Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8285 Author: Billings, Jay J., Elwasif, Wael R., Hively, Lee M., Bernholdt, David E., John M. Hetrick, III and Bohn, Tim Year: 2009 Title: Designing a component-based architecture for the modeling and simulation of nuclear fuels and reactors Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2009 Workshop on Component-Based High Performance Computing Conference Location: Portland, Oregon Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/1687774.1687780 Place Published: 1687780 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8570 Author: Dragoni, E., Goglio, L. and Kleiner, F. Year: 2010 Title: Designing bonded joints by means of the JointCalc software Journal: International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Volume: 30 Issue: 5 Pages: 267-280 Date: 7// Short Title: Designing bonded joints by means of the JointCalc software ISSN: 0143-7496 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2009.11.002 Keywords: Epoxy Stress analysis Joint design Software Abstract: This paper describes the theoretical framework, the experimental background and the software implementation of the computer package JointCalc for the strength analysis and design of adhesively bonded joints. Developed by Henkel AG in collaboration with three Italian Universities, JointCalc was designed to be accessible to non-experts, intuitive for occasional users and also general enough to include most of the joint configurations encountered in practice. For the calculation of adhesive stresses, JointCalc implements the analytical elastic solutions available in the literature for the fundamental joint geometries (single and double-lap joints, single and double-strap joints, peel joints and cylindrical joints). A key aspect of JointCalc is the experimental failure criterion adopted, represented by an admissible region in the peel-shear stress plane. The implementation required the creation of an experimental database, specifically built for the set of 14 adhesives (mostly epoxies) considered. A distinguished asset of JointCalc is its intuitive graphical interface that enables the user to choose the desired joint configuration, input the data and examine the results in a straightforward way. Since its appearance in 2003, JointCalc has been applied to the design of bonded assemblies covering a wide spectrum of industrial applications. Three of those applications (a seat back mounting, a shear punch solenoid and a screening device) are presented at the end of the paper as case studies. The disclosed data show that, provided that thoughtful engineering judgement is applied to idealize the real joints, JointCalc strength predictions closely match the experimental findings. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143749610000254 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8705 Author: Norcio, A. F. and Chmura, L. J. Year: 1988 Title: Designing complex software Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 8 Issue: 3 Pages: 165-184 Date: 6// Short Title: Designing complex software ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0164-1212(88)90020-9 Abstract: Since 1978, the goal of the Software Cost Reduction (SCR) project has been to demonstrate the effectiveness of certain software engineering techniques for developing complex software. The application is the redevelopment of the operational flight program for the A-7E aircraft. Also since then, the Software Technology Evaluation (STE) project has been monitoring SCR project activity in order to provide an objective evaluation of the SCR methodology. SCR project activity data are collected from SCR personnel on a weekly basis. Over 55000 hours of SCR design, code, test and other activity data have been captured and recorded in a computer data base. Analyses of SCR module design data show that there are parameters that can be used to characterize and predict design progress. One example is the ratio between cumulative design discussing activities and cumulative design creating activities. This ratio is referred to as the Progress Indicator Ratio (PIR) and seems to be an accurate metric for design completeness. This and other results suggest that discussion activity among software engineers may play a major role in the software design process and may be a leading indicator of design activity progress. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0164121288900209 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8407 Author: Hunter, Beverly Year: 1989 Title: Designing educational software for the information age: Dilemmas and paradoxes Journal: Education and Computing Volume: 5 Issue: 1–2 Pages: 111-117 Date: // Short Title: Designing educational software for the information age: Dilemmas and paradoxes ISSN: 0167-9287 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9287(89)80019-6 Keywords: Educational software Economic and organizational design constraints Learning environments Interaction Learning processes Teachers' rôle Knowledge representation Collaborative learning Evaluation methods Curriculum reform Cognitive processes Technological capabilities Abstract: Design considerations of the developer of educational software are predominantly concerned with economic and organizational arrangements for disseminating educational materials to schools. As a consequence, design considerations concerning educational needs, pedagogical research or technological opportunities have relatively little impact on software design. This paper identifies considerations concerning:u- interaction among learners, teachers, software and learning environments; - learning processes; - teachers' rôles; - effects of knowledge representation on learning and understanding; - collaborative learning; - evaluation methods; - curriculum reform; - research on cognitive processes; - technological capabilities. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167928789800196 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9295 Author: Tayebi, S. Rohollah Moosavi, Ostadzadeh, S. Shervin and Mazaheri, S. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Designing enterprise operating system with PRINCE2 framework Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Computer and Communication Technologies in Agriculture Engineering Volume: 3 Pages: 479-482 Date: 12-13 June 2010 Short Title: Designing enterprise operating system with PRINCE2 framework ISBN: 2161-1092 DOI: 10.1109/CCTAE.2010.5544345 Keywords: information systems operating systems (computers) organisational aspects project management software development management IT projects management PRINCE2 framework enterprise architecture enterprise operating system design information driven organization Estimation Enterprise Operating System (EOS) Modeling PRINCE2 Software architecture software project management Abstract: Substantially, the operating system (OS) is most important entity in the typical information-driven organization. Sometimes, some organizations want to design and develop it themselves. Reason of this, may be has some parameters like security, controllable, manageable and etc. An OS cannot be an island unto itself; it must work with the rest of the enterprise. On the other word, enterprise wide applications require an Enterprise Operating System (EOS). Enterprise Architecture (EA) has proven to be the best option for development and maintenance of enterprise operating systems. In this respect, EOS Framework has been widely accepted as a standard scheme for identifying and organizing descriptive representations that have prominent roles in enterprise-wide OS development. Moreover, there is a remarkable need for IT projects management. In this respect, PRINCE2 has been best option for software project management. So, in this paper, we intend to use PRINCE2 to manage stages of enterprise operating systems base on EOS Framework. The suggested model helps developers to design operating systems more effective and efficient. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8075 Author: Montresor, Alberto Year: 2012 Title: Designing extreme distributed systems: challenges and opportunities Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGSOFT conference on Quality of Software Architectures Conference Location: Bertinoro, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-2 DOI: 10.1145/2304696.2304698 Place Published: 2304698 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9427 Author: Ananny, M. and Winters, N. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Designing for development: Understanding One Laptop Per Child in its historical context Conference Name: 2007 International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development Pages: 1-12 Date: 15-16 Dec. 2007 Short Title: Designing for development: Understanding One Laptop Per Child in its historical context DOI: 10.1109/ICTD.2007.4937397 Keywords: public domain software software development management systems analysis Pool-Schiller questions one laptop per child software design textual analysis Broadcasting Computer science education Computer vision Context Educational technology Guidelines History Information analysis Materials science and technology Portable computers Abstract: We argue that the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) can be better understood by examining the general history of development communication and, specifically, through a historical debate between communication scholars Ithiel de Sola Pool and Herbert Schiller. Although originally conducted around broadcast media, the Pool-Schiller conversation identifies questions still relevant to contemporary information and communication for development (ICT4D) projects like the OLPC. Our analysis of their debate identifies five key questions we can apply to the OLPC or any given ICTD4D project: where does change happen? How does change happen? What obligations do designers and researchers have as change agents? What is the role of technology in change? What is the relationship between change, technology and international development? Equipped with this framework, we argue that one place to see OLPC's answers to these Pool-Schiller questions - and, thus, an understanding of OLPC development ideologies - can be found in a textual analysis of the OLPC software design guidelines. This preliminary analysis suggests that OLPC sees the child as the agent of change and the network as the mechanism of change. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8183 Author: Ellis, Jason B. and Bruckman, Amy S. Year: 2001 Title: Designing palaver tree online: supporting social roles in a community of oral history Conference Name: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference Location: Seattle, Washington, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 474-481 DOI: 10.1145/365024.365317 Place Published: 365317 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8616 Author: de Souza, M. A. F. and Ferreira, M. A. G. V. Year: 2002 Title: Designing reusable rule-based architectures with design patterns Journal: Expert Systems with Applications Volume: 23 Issue: 4 Pages: 395-403 Date: 11// Short Title: Designing reusable rule-based architectures with design patterns ISSN: 0957-4174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0957-4174(02)00075-1 Keywords: Rule-based systems Reuse in rule-based systems Design patterns Abstract: Rule-based systems or production systems still have great importance in the construction of knowledge systems. In these systems, the domain expertise to solve a problem is encoded in the form of ‘if–then’ rules, enabling a modular description of the knowledge, thus facilitating its maintenance and updating. Although they have been extensively described in the Artificial Intelligence literature, their design process is at times repeated because of the lack of common software architecture and the restrictions offered by some off-the-shelf libraries and systems. This paper proposes a reusable architecture for rule-based systems described through design patterns. The aim of these patterns is to constitute a design catalog that can be used by designers to understand and create new rule-based systems, thus promoting reuse in these systems. Additionally, the use of the described patterns in the design of an intelligent tutoring system architecture is exemplified. Notes: Pattern description URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417402000751 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8269 Author: Chilana, Parmit K., Ko, Andrew J. and Wobbrock, Jacob O. Year: 2009 Title: Designing software for unfamiliar domains Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects on Software Engineering Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 22 DOI: 10.1109/chase.2009.5071405 Place Published: 1572208 Abstract: In recent years, software has become indispensable in complex domains such as science, engineering, biomedicine, and finance. Unfortunately, software developers and user researchers, who are usually experts in programming and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) methods, respectively, often find that the insight needed to design for complex domains only comes with years of domain experience. How can everyone on a software design team acquire just enough knowledge to design effective software, especially user interfaces, without having to become domain experts? We are performing a series of studies to investigate this question, with the ultimate goal of designing tools to help software teams better capture, manage and explore domain knowledge. Notes: just summary, no actual studies 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://0720343905/Designing software for unfamiliar domains.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9554 Author: Chilana, P. K., Ko, A. J. and Wobbrock, J. O. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Designing software for unfamiliar domains Conference Name: 2009 ICSE Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects on Software Engineering Pages: 22-22 Date: 17-17 May 2009 Short Title: Designing software for unfamiliar domains DOI: 10.1109/CHASE.2009.5071405 Keywords: object-oriented programming user interfaces knowledge management software design unfamiliar domain user interface Bioinformatics Biomedical engineering Design engineering Finance Jacobian matrices Programming profession Software tools Usability Abstract: In recent years, software has become indispensable in complex domains such as science, engineering, biomedicine, and finance. Unfortunately, software developers and user researchers, who are usually experts in programming and human-computer interaction (HCI) methods, respectively, often find that the insight needed to design for complex domains only comes with years of domain experience. How can everyone on a software design team acquire just enough knowledge to design effective software, especially user interfaces, without having to become domain experts? We are performing a series of studies to investigate this question, with the ultimate goal of designing tools to help software teams better capture, manage and explore domain knowledge. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8739 Author: Torresan, Silvia, Critto, Andrea, Rizzi, Jonathan, Zabeo, Alex, Furlan, Elisa and Marcomini, Antonio Year: 2016 Title: DESYCO: A decision support system for the regional risk assessment of climate change impacts in coastal zones Journal: Ocean & Coastal Management Volume: 120 Pages: 49-63 Date: 2// Short Title: DESYCO: A decision support system for the regional risk assessment of climate change impacts in coastal zones ISSN: 0964-5691 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.11.003 Keywords: Decision support systems (DSS) Risk assessment Climate change adaptation Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) Geographic information systems (GIS) Abstract: Several decision support systems were developed in recent years to encourage climate adaptation planning in coastal areas, especially at a national to global scale. However, few prototypes are easy to use and accessible for decision-makers to evaluate and manage risks locally. DESYCO is a GIS based decision support system specifically designed to better understand the risks that climate change poses at the regional/subnational scale (e.g. the effect of sea level rise and coastal erosion on human assets and ecosystems) and set the context of strategic adaptation planning within Integrated Coastal Zone Management. It implements a Regional Risk Assessment (RRA) methodology allowing the spatial assessment of multiple climate change impacts in coastal areas and the ranking of key elements at risk (beaches, wetlands, protected areas, urban and agricultural areas). The core of the system is a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) model used to operationalize the steps of the RRA (hazard, exposure, susceptibility, risk and damage assessment) by integrating a blend of information from climate scenarios (global/regional climate projections and hydrodynamic/hydrological simulations) and from non-climate vulnerability factors (physical, environmental and socio-economic features of the analysed system). User-friendly interfaces simplify the interaction with the system, providing guidance for risk mapping, results communication and understanding. DESYCO was applied to low-lying coastal plains and islands (the North Adriatic Sea, the Gulf of Gabes and the Republic of Mauritius), river basins and groundwater systems (Upper Plain of Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Marche Region). The paper presents the RRA methodology, the structure of DESYCO and its software architecture, showing the capabilities of the tool to support decision making and climate proofing in a wide range of situations (e.g. shoreline planning, land use and water resource management, flood risk reduction). URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569115300545 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7908 Author: Maur, #237, Aniche, cio, Aur, Marco, #233, Gerosa, lio and Treude, Christoph Year: 2016 Title: Developers' Perceptions on Object-Oriented Design and Architectural Roles Conference Name: Proceedings of the 30th Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering Conference Location: Maringá, Brazil Publisher: ACM Pages: 63-72 DOI: 10.1145/2973839.2973846 Place Published: 2973846 Abstract: Software developers commonly rely on well-known software architecture patterns, such as MVC, to build their applications. In many of these patterns, classes play specific roles in the system, such as Controllers or Entities, which means that each of these classes has specific characteristics in terms of object-oriented class design and implementation. Indeed, as we have shown in a previous study, architectural roles are different from each other in terms of code metrics. In this paper, we present a study in a software development company in which we captured developers' perceptions on object-oriented design aspects of the architectural roles in their system and whether these perceptions match the source code metric analysis. We found that their developers do not have a common perception of how their architectural roles behave in terms of object-oriented design aspects, and that their perceptions also do not match the results of the source code metric analysis. This phenomenon also does not seem to be related to developers' experience. We find these results alarming, and thus, we suggest software development teams to invest in education and knowledge sharing about how their system's architectural roles behave. Notes: Source code roles Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8628 Author: Perini, Anna and Susi, Angelo Year: 2004 Title: Developing a decision support system for integrated production in agriculture Journal: Environmental Modelling & Software Volume: 19 Issue: 9 Pages: 821-829 Date: 9// Short Title: Developing a decision support system for integrated production in agriculture ISSN: 1364-8152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.03.001 Keywords: Software design Agent-oriented software engineering Agriculture Integrated production Decision support system Artificial intelligence Abstract: Recent approaches in building decision support systems (DSS) for agriculture, and more generally for environmental problems, tend to adopt a “systemic” approach. That is to say, a problem is analyzed in terms of all the knowledge, the data and the responsibilities it depends on. So, the proposed applications aim to be integrated in larger information systems by exploiting the fact that different organizations may manage information sources and resources that are relevant to problem solutions. The paper focuses on design issues faced during the development of a DSS to be used by technicians of the advisory service performing pest management according to an integrated production approach. Designing this type of system requires analyzing two main dimensions of complexity basically: the organizational dimension dealing with all the dependencies between the domain stakeholders, and the technical dimension concerning the study of natural plant protection techniques. These considerations motivate the choice of an agent-oriented methodology for software development. The methodology, called Tropos, plays a central role in early requirement analysis and allows deriving a system’s functional and non-functional requirements from a deep understanding of the domain stakeholders’ goals and of their dependencies. Two components of the system have been implemented using web technologies and they are currently under evaluation. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364815203002007 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8953 Author: Grundy, J. and Hosking, J. Year of Conference: 2000 Title: Developing adaptable user interfaces for component-based systems Conference Name: Proceedings First Australasian User Interface Conference. AUIC 2000 (Cat. No.PR00515) Pages: 17-25 Date: 2000 Short Title: Developing adaptable user interfaces for component-based systems DOI: 10.1109/AUIC.2000.822060 Keywords: adaptive systems software architecture software reusability subroutines user interfaces adaptable user interfaces component-based systems extended component-based software architecture multiple-component user interfaces reuse situations software components subtasks user interface aspects user preferences Application software Collaborative work Computer architecture Computer science Information systems Abstract: Developing software components with user interfaces that can be adapted to diverse reuse situations is challenging. Examples of such adaptations include extending, composing and reconfiguring multiple-component user interfaces, and adapting component user interfaces to particular user preferences, roles and subtasks. We describe our recent work in facilitating such adaptation via the concept of “user interface aspects”, which facilitate effective component user interface design and realisation using an extended component-based software architecture Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8488 Author: Grundy, John and Hosking, John Year: 2002 Title: Developing adaptable user interfaces for component-based systems Journal: Interacting with Computers Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 175-194 Date: 4// Short Title: Developing adaptable user interfaces for component-based systems ISSN: 0953-5438 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0953-5438(01)00049-2 Keywords: Adaptive user interfaces Component-based user interfaces Software architectures for user interfaces Abstract: Software components are becoming increasingly popular design and implementation technologies that can be plugged and played to provide user-enhanceable software. However, developing software components with user interfaces that can be adapted to diverse reuse situations is challenging. Examples of such adaptations include extending, composing and reconfiguring multiple component user interfaces, and adapting component user interfaces to particular user preferences, roles and subtasks. We describe our recent work in facilitating such adaptation via the concept of user interface aspects, which support effective component user interface design and realisation using an extended, component-based software architecture. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0953543801000492 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9304 Author: Stratton, W. C., Sibol, D. E., Lindvall, M., Ackermann, C. and Godfrey, S. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Developing an approach for analyzing and verifying system communication Conference Name: 2009 IEEE Aerospace conference Pages: 1-13 Date: 7-14 March 2009 Short Title: Developing an approach for analyzing and verifying system communication ISBN: 1095-323X DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2009.4839620 Keywords: aerospace computing satellite communication software architecture software performance evaluation software reliability Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems DynSAVE Dynamic Software Architecture Visualization and Evaluation File Delivery Protocol JHU/APL Common Ground System aerospace domain communication channel reliability data exchange information control low level network traffic recording nonintrusive monitoring raw communication records system communication system-of-systems tight resource constraints Aerodynamics Bandwidth Communication channels Communication system control Control systems Data systems Data visualization Monitoring Telecommunication traffic Abstract: Prominent characteristics of systems in the aerospace domain are that they are inherently complex, they must operate under tight resource constraints, and are often parts of a larger system of systems that must be reliable. These systems communicate with each other to exchange data and control information to together fulfill a larger task. In such a setup, the reliability of the communication channel plays a central role in the reliability of the entire system of systems and thus determines the success of fulfilling the larger task. Ensuring such a reliable communication is difficult due to several reasons: (1) the systems are developed independently by different teams at different locations, (2) the specification of the expected communication behavior is ambiguous, and (3) issues in the communication are often subtle and remain uncovered for a long time with the effect that bandwidth and other precious resources are wasted. We are proposing an approach called Dynamic Software Architecture Visualization and Evaluation (DynSAVE) to detect problems in the communication between systems by analyzing their communication behavior. The approach is divided into three main steps. The first step is the non-intrusive monitoring and recording of low level network traffic, the second step converts these raw communication records into meaningful messages, and the third step visualizes this abstracted information in such a way that issues can be detected. In this paper we discuss how the approach was applied to the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) File Delivery Protocol (CFDP), which is used for satellite communication by the JHU/APL Common Ground System. The approach has proven to be useful for understanding the communication behavior and uncovering subtle issues due to emerging system behaviors. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8053 Author: Ammon, Danny, Hoffmann, Dirk, Jakob, Tobias and Finkeissen, Ekkehard Year: 2008 Title: Developing an architecture of a knowledge-based electronic patient record Conference Name: Proceedings of the 30th international conference on Software engineering Conference Location: Leipzig, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 653-660 DOI: 10.1145/1368088.1368180 Place Published: 1368180 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9400 Author: Ammon, D., Hoffmann, D., Jakob, T. and Finkeissen, E. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: Developing an architecture of a knowledge-based electronic patient record Conference Name: 2008 ACM/IEEE 30th International Conference on Software Engineering Pages: 653-660 Date: 10-18 May 2008 Short Title: Developing an architecture of a knowledge-based electronic patient record ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1145/1368088.1368180 Keywords: decision support systems expert systems knowledge engineering knowledge management medical information systems software architecture clinical decision support clinical documentation computer-based knowledge management encyclopedic representation encyclopedic sources knowledge instantiation knowledge-based electronic patient record knowledge-intensive domain medical knowledge structural knowledge base model Computer architecture Documentation Medical expert systems Medical services Medical treatment Navigation Paramagnetic resonance Permission benefits electronic patient record health care kads Abstract: Medicine as knowledge-intensive domain has been the subject of various approaches of computer-based knowledge management. Most of them concentrated on the design and implementation of expert systems for clinical decision support. Today, medical knowledge bases are implemented for various purposes, including encyclopedic sources of information for clinicians. We present a prototypical development of architecture for an electronic patient record which structurally depends on such an encyclopedic representation and is therefore knowledge-based. Using the KADS approach for knowledge engineering, three modeling steps and architectural parts could be identified, definition of basic concepts, the structural knowledge base model, and the interactive process of knowledge instantiation which constitutes clinical documentation. Furthermore, we present an analysis of possible benefits of a knowledge-based electronic patient record in health care as well as in adjacent fields. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8443 Author: Chen, Wenjun, He, Bin, Zhang, Lei and Nover, Daniel Year: 2016 Title: Developing an integrated 2D and 3D WebGIS-based platform for effective landslide hazard management Journal: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction Volume: 20 Pages: 26-38 Date: 12// Short Title: Developing an integrated 2D and 3D WebGIS-based platform for effective landslide hazard management ISSN: 2212-4209 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.10.003 Keywords: Landslide hazard Landslide multi-level management Landslide emergency response 2D and 3D WebGIS Web service integration Abstract: Collaborative effort for the improvement of landslide database is important during the long-term risk reduction process in large hilly and mountainous regions. This paper presents a novel 2D and 3D WebGIS-based platform for landslide multi-level management and emergency response. The scalable network architecture and three-tier software architecture are designed to support survey data improvement performed by geological surveys in different administrative levels, fast spatial decision support for rescue and evacuation after sudden hazard incidents, as well as prevention information for public access. The web service integration is widely applied in the platform, and proved useful for keeping landslide-related information consistent and up-to-date, since it relies on joint efforts from different government departments with expertise, rather than the local and independent storage pattern. The combined utilization of 2D and 3D WebGIS takes advantage of their respective superiorities, and generates a superior display and analytic web environment for local decision-makers. The 2D map in ArcGIS Flexviewer is mainly for hazard query, spatial statistics and map overlaying analysis during routines, while the 3D scene in Skyline ActiveX component is useful in terrain exploration, rainfall situation analysis and sketch map plotting in emergencies. After elaborating the main modules and key algorithms, the user-friendly platform has been experimented and accepted by three levels of geological surveys in Zhejiang Province, China, and presented as an integrated WebGIS environment for effective landslide hazard management in large prone areas. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212420916303235 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7528 Author: Soliman, M., Galster, M. and Riebisch, M. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Developing an Ontology for Architecture Knowledge from Developer Communities Conference Name: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture (ICSA) Pages: 89-92 Date: 3-7 April 2017 Short Title: Developing an Ontology for Architecture Knowledge from Developer Communities DOI: 10.1109/ICSA.2017.31 Keywords: ontologies (artificial intelligence) software architecture software quality software reusability Stack Overflow architectural knowledge concepts architecture-relevant information coding problems inter-coder reliability tests online developer communities ontology qualitative analyses reusable knowledge quality structure architectural knowledge Computer architecture Encoding Ontologies Reliability Semantics Software architecture design decisions architecture knowledge developer communities Abstract: Software architecting is a knowledge-intensive activity. However, obtaining and evaluating the quality of relevant and reusable knowledge (and ensuring that this knowledge is up-to-date) requires significant effort. In this paper, we explore how online developer communities (e.g., Stack Overflow), traditionally used by developers to solve coding problems, can help solve architectural problems. We develop an ontology that covers architectural knowledge concepts in Stack Overflow. The ontology provides a description of architecture-relevant information to represent and structure architectural knowledge in Stack Overflow. The ontology is empirically grounded through qualitative analyses of different Stack Overflow posts, as well as inter-coder reliability tests. Our results show that the architecture knowledge ontology in Stack Overflow captures architecture-relevant information and supports achieving practitioners' requirements and concerns. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://2075461472/Developing an Ontology for Architecture Knowle.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9112 Author: Salam, M. and Khan, S. U. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Developing green and sustainable software: Success factors for vendors Conference Name: 2016 7th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS) Pages: 1059-1062 Date: 26-28 Aug. 2016 Short Title: Developing green and sustainable software: Success factors for vendors DOI: 10.1109/ICSESS.2016.7883248 Keywords: green computing outsourcing software engineering software houses sustainable development CSF GSE SLR process critical success factors e-waste management global software engineering green evaluator green software design green software engineering green-and-sustainable software development low-carbon emission paperless communication power-saving software strategies requirements filtration resource utilization software coding software development multisourcing vendor organizations software development process software development project systematic literature review process Asia Automobiles Electronic waste Green products Libraries Software Sulfur hexafluoride Critical Success factors (CSFs) Green and sustainable software Systematic Literature Review Vendors Abstract: Software plays an important role in various aspects of our life. However, recent software development practices have substantial negative impacts (direct and indirect) on economy, society, human beings, and environment. To cope with these issues the concept of Green Software Engineering has boomed recently. Green and sustainable software development aims to create green software that meets the needs of current and future users while minimizing its negative impacts on the environment and society. Green software development is getting attention in Global Software Engineering (GSE). Software development multi-sourcing vendor organizations have focused on the adaptation of green practices in software development projects. The objectives of this study are to identify and scrutinize a list of critical success factors (CSFs) for vendors in the development of green and sustainable software. The required data for conducting the study was taken, via systematic literature review (SLR) process, from a sample of 74 research papers. The SLR findings reveal that `green software design and efficient coding', `power-saving software strategies ', `low carbon emission throughout the software development process', `efficient resource utilization', `paperless communication', `filtration of requirements through green evaluator and e-waste management' are the critical factors to be implanted by vendors in the development of green and sustainable software. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8914 Author: Ramachandran, M. and Jamnal, G. S. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Developing reusable .NET software components Conference Name: 2014 Science and Information Conference Pages: 991-996 Date: 27-29 Aug. 2014 Short Title: Developing reusable .NET software components DOI: 10.1109/SAI.2014.6918306 Keywords: computational complexity object-oriented programming software metrics software reusability .NET family .NET reuse guider framework CBSE binary component built-in software development component based software engineering design principals domain expertise guidelines based component development plug and play device prototype component guider tool reusable .NET software components reuse analysis reuse guidelines based framework reuse knowledge software complexity software development software industry Complexity theory Guidelines Industries Measurement Programming Software Software engineering GSE Software Design Knowledge Software Guidelines Software Reuse Abstract: Software Development with reuse and for reuse is the foundation of CBSE (Component based software engineering) which allow faster development at lower cost and better usability. A reusable software component works as a plug and play device, which abstract the software complexity and increase performance. Software reuse guidelines have been addressing the issue of capturing best practices, for a long while software industry has collected the enormous wealth of knowledge, experience, domain expertise, design principals & heuristics, hypothesis, algorithms, and experimental results. However, there is no rock solid and mature software component development guidelines defined for the current technologies such as .NET. This paper presents reuse guidelines based framework (known as .NET Reuse Guider) for guidelines based component development for reuse in .NET family. We have demonstrated our approach by designing a binary component as part of development for reuse based on our own .NET Reuse Guider framework. This paper also provides a number reuse analysis and metrics and a prototype component guider tool which sits on top of the .NET architecture with built-in software development & reuse knowledge. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8645 Author: van der Meijden, M. J., Tange, H., Troost, J. and Hasman, A. Year: 2001 Title: Development and implementation of an EPR: how to encourage the user Journal: International Journal of Medical Informatics Volume: 64 Issue: 2–3 Pages: 173-185 Date: 12// Short Title: Development and implementation of an EPR: how to encourage the user ISSN: 1386-5056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-5056(01)00208-8 Keywords: Attitude to computers Software design Medical records systems Computerized Questionnaires Interviews User satisfaction Abstract: This paper reports on the role users played in the design and development of an electronic patient record. Two key users participated in the project team. All future users received questionnaires and a selection of them was interviewed. Before starting the development of the EPR, the attitude of users towards electronic record keeping, their satisfaction with the paper clinical records, their knowledge of computers, and their needs and expectations of computer applications in health care were measured by means of a questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire were supplemented with in-depth interviews. Users had a neutral attitude towards electronic record keeping. They were more positive about data entry of the paper records than data retrieval. During the development phase, but prior to the implementation of the EPR, a second questionnaire measured satisfaction with the paper records. Satisfaction appeared to be related to self-rated computer experience. Inexperienced computer users tended to be more positive about the paper records. In general, respondents did not have many expectations about electronic record keeping. A second series of interviews zoomed in on the expectations users had. Except for more concise reporting no beneficial effects of electronic record keeping were expected. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386505601002088 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8848 Author: Ma, Jiwei, Lun, Cuifen, Lin, Zhipeng, Ma, Jimei, Wang, Jian and Liu, Shiguang Year of Conference: 2010 Title: The development and implementation of full-automatic solar panels packaging equipment control system Conference Name: 2010 International Conference on Computer and Communication Technologies in Agriculture Engineering Volume: 2 Pages: 274-278 Date: 12-13 June 2010 Short Title: The development and implementation of full-automatic solar panels packaging equipment control system ISBN: 2161-1092 DOI: 10.1109/CCTAE.2010.5544892 Keywords: control engineering computing control systems hardware-software codesign interference packaging machines signal detection temperature control three-term control PID control anti-interference measures control function control output devices dual MCU environmental temperature control full-automatic solar panels packaging equipment control system hardware design parallel detection software design Converters Robustness Temperature measurement Temperature sensors dual CPU expert PID packaging equipment reliability solar panel Abstract: The hardware and software design method of a full-automatic solar panel packaging equipment control system is presented in this paper. As the hardware core adopts the dual MCU with parallel detection and control function, the input signal and output signal is effectively separated and it also meets the system's demand to detect a great deal of input signal and control output devices. By adopting expert PID control algorithm to control the required environmental temperature at all levels of technology process, the system is further improved dynamically and statically, and it is more reliable and efficient through a series of anti-interference measures of hardware and software. Compared to traditional PLC control, the system cost is greatly reduced, and more advanced and complex control algorithms can be easily achieved, which results to higher precision and better robust. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7992 Author: Pidgeon, Christopher W. and Freeman, Peter A. Year: 1985 Title: Development concerns for a software design quality expert system Conference Name: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference Conference Location: Las Vegas, Nevada, USA Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 562-568 Place Published: 317946 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9406 Author: Pidgeon, C. W. and Freeman, P. A. Year of Conference: 1985 Title: Development Concerns for a Software Design Quality Expert System Conference Name: 22nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference Pages: 562-568 Date: 23-26 June 1985 Short Title: Development Concerns for a Software Design Quality Expert System ISBN: 0738-100X DOI: 10.1109/DAC.1985.1585999 Keywords: Automata Computer architecture Costs Expert systems Humans Productivity Software design Software engineering Technology transfer Visualization Abstract: This paper presents some developmental concerns for an expert system in the domain of software design. We discuss the context for such a system and explore the synergism between the human designer and automaton. A gross architecture for the automation is given. A scenario of interaction between the designer and automaton is presented. Notes: Not fitting - tool development Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9330 Author: Honggang, Li and Shengchun, Yang Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Development modeling of software based on performance process Conference Name: 2011 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science Pages: 397-400 Date: 15-17 July 2011 Short Title: Development modeling of software based on performance process ISBN: 2327-0586 DOI: 10.1109/ICSESS.2011.5982336 Keywords: quality of service software performance evaluation Web 2.0 Web services business oriented composition techniques software as a service software development modeling software performance engineering development process Programming Semantics Software Streaming media Syntactics Unified modeling language SDP architecture modeling performance Abstract: In particular, an early integration of performance specifications in the SDP has been recognized during the last few years as an effective approach to improve the overall quality of a software. Performance related problems are becoming more and more strategic in the software development, especially recently with the advent of Web Services and related business-oriented composition techniques (software as a service, Web 2.0, orchestration, choreography, etc.). The goal of our work is the definition of a software development process that integrates performance evaluation and prediction. The software performance engineering development process (SPEDP) we specify is focused on performance, which plays a key role driving the software development process, thus implementing a performance/QoS-driven (software) development process. More specifically, in this paper our aim is to formally define the SPEDP design process, posing particular interest on the basis, on the first step of SPEDP, the software/system architecture design, modeling and/or representation. We define both the diagrams to use and show how to model the structure of the software architecture, its behavior and performance requirements. This is the first mandatory step for the automation of the SPEDP into a specific tool. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8470 Author: Girgenti, Andrea, Giorgetti, Alessandro, Citti, Paolo and Romanelli, Marco Year: 2015 Title: Development of a Custom Software for Processing the Stress Corrosion Experimental Data through Axiomatic Design Journal: Procedia CIRP Volume: 34 Pages: 250-255 Date: // Short Title: Development of a Custom Software for Processing the Stress Corrosion Experimental Data through Axiomatic Design ISSN: 2212-8271 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2015.07.064 Keywords: Software design Axiomatic Design data post-processing Abstract: The economical sustainability and the integrity of oil field equipment depend on the choice of the best material for the working conditions. In oil wells, many environmental corrosion phenomena take place and affect the structural integrity of metallic parts and equipment. In order to investigate material properties in presence of corrosive environments and applied stresses, many laboratories have arisen and many experimental techniques have been developed and setup in order to collect data about the behaviour of corrosion resistant alloys. Available data are traditionally gathered into text files which are difficult to analyze and process since a widespread commercial software does not exist for automated data processing and reporting. Each laboratory has to develop their own tools in order to perform the data post processing for stress corrosion experiments. In this paper, the Axiomatic Design method has been employed in order to develop a custom software for data post processing of the stress corrosion tests. The application of the Axiomatic Design has a key role in defining the software architecture, avoiding useless solutions and improving code optimization from the earliest phases. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212827115008239 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8629 Author: Li, Shuliang Year: 2000 Title: The development of a hybrid intelligent system for developing marketing strategy Journal: Decision Support Systems Volume: 27 Issue: 4 Pages: 395-409 Date: 1// Short Title: The development of a hybrid intelligent system for developing marketing strategy ISSN: 0167-9236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9236(99)00061-5 Keywords: Marketing strategy development Hybrid intelligent systems Decision support systems Expert systems Fuzzy logic Artificial neural networks Abstract: In this paper, the development of a hybrid intelligent system for developing marketing strategy is described. The hybrid system has been developed to: provide a logical process for strategic analysis; support group assessment of strategic marketing factors; help the coupling of strategic analysis with managerial intuition and judgement; help managers deal with uncertainty and fuzziness; and produce intelligent advice on setting marketing strategy. In this system, the strengths of expert systems, fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks (ANNs) are combined to support the process of marketing strategy development. Moreover, the advantages of Porter's five forces model and the directional policy matrices (DPM) are also integrated to assist strategic analysis. In the paper, the software architecture of the hybrid system is discussed in details. Particularly, the group assessment support module, the fuzzification of strategic factors, and the fuzzy reasoning for setting marketing strategy are addressed. In addition, the empirical field work on evaluating the hybrid system is also summarised. The empirical evidence indicates that the hybrid intelligent system is helpful and useful in supporting the development of marketing strategy. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167923699000615 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9049 Author: Beneder, R., Lechner, M. and Schmitt, P. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Development of a low-cost, open-source measurement equipment for undergraduate courses dedicated to embedded systems Conference Name: IEEE EUROCON 2017 -17th International Conference on Smart Technologies Pages: 187-192 Date: 6-8 July 2017 Short Title: Development of a low-cost, open-source measurement equipment for undergraduate courses dedicated to embedded systems DOI: 10.1109/EUROCON.2017.8011102 Keywords: distance learning educational courses electronic engineering computing electronic engineering education embedded systems public domain software University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien analog signals communication interfaces degree programs digital signals electronic engineering embedded systems hardware & software design labor exercises low-cost open-source measurement equipment measurement equipment oscilloscopes prototype tests requirements specification undergraduate courses Field programmable gate arrays Graphical user interfaces Hardware Signal processing Voltage measurement Equivalent Time Sampling FPGA Oscilloscope Real Time Sampling Abstract: The University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien offers various courses dedicated to electronic engineering and embedded systems hardware & software design. These courses are embedded in various degree programs such as full-time, part-time, and distance learning. The attendees of these courses train their skills and expertise on the basis of labor exercises, assignments, and tasks. Especially in degree programs with focus on technology it is mandatory to evaluate and verify analog & digital signals, signals of communication interfaces, and control signals to gain knowledge. Traditionally this is done by utilizing oscilloscopes and various measurement equipment. Due to the fact that only a limited amount of time is available at the university and not every student has constant access to the measurement equipment, it would be beneficial to provide tools to complete labor exercises, assignments, and tasks at home as well. This paper gives an overview of already available measurement equipment, highlights the minimum requirements specification for the oscilloscope, describes the developed hardware & software in detail and introduces results of the prototype tests. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8783 Author: Dehuai, Z., Gang, X., Jinming, Z. and Li, Li Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Development of a Mobile Platform for Security Robot Conference Name: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics Pages: 1262-1267 Date: 18-21 Aug. 2007 Short Title: Development of a Mobile Platform for Security Robot ISBN: 2161-8151 DOI: 10.1109/ICAL.2007.4338763 Keywords: collision avoidance decision making mobile robots motion control WinCon-8k Windows CE automatic patrol solution differential driven wheels environmental sensing laptop PC platform mechanical design mobile robot platform modular software design motion tracking obstacle avoidance obstacle detection security robot sensors system shaft encoders ultrasonic sensors wireless networking Buildings Centralized control Communication system control Control systems Robot sensing systems Robotics and automation Security Sensor systems robot platform Abstract: With the development of society and economy, more and more high buildings and large mansions come forth, it is imperative to seek an automatic patrol solution. The development of a mobile robot platform is presented in this paper, which includes basic design principles, mechanical design, motion control, sensors system and implementation of modular software design. The hardware platform is equipped with two differential driven wheels including shaft encoders for motion tracking. The system also contained several ultrasonic sensors for obstacle detection and avoidance. A couple of cameras were equipped on the system to record and send the images/video of the environment back to the central control room. The control system is based on a novel controller WinCon-8k and laptop PC platform. The WinCon-8k is responsible for the movement of the system, environmental sensing and decision making. Windows CE is used for the function of wireless networking and communication with the central control room. Finally, a cooperative supermarket providing an extraordinary test bed permits to establish meaningful statistics over 3 months (from August 10 to November 13). Several experiments were conducted to verify the current capability of the mobile robot platform. From the results of experiments, the mobile platform shows satisfactory performance in motion control, positioning, patrolling and monitoring the environment. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8667 Author: Thomas, Bruce and McClelland, Ian Year: 1996 Title: The development of a touch screen based communications terminal Journal: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics Volume: 18 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-13 Date: 7// Short Title: The development of a touch screen based communications terminal ISSN: 0169-8141 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-8141(95)00025-9 Keywords: Touch screen Communication User involvement Interaction specification Work practice Organization Abstract: This paper discusses a successful attempt to improve the design of a communications terminal for professional applications involving significant improvements to customer and operator contact, and improving the level of operator focus during the design phase. This included visits to sites to capture requirements through interview and observation of working practices, and to get insight into typical communication tasks. A clear task focus was maintained during the design phase by using a dialogue description tool, the Task Action Description, developed in-house to support the integration of the dialogue specification, the graphic design and the software design. Customer and operator feedback on the design was obtained. The value of team work is also discussed. The success of the design can be attributed to a direct involvement of users in the development process and to the integration of human factors specialists, graphic designers, software engineers and marketing experts in the development team. The conclusions drawn highlight: (1) the importance of direct first hand exposure to the daily working environment of the operators by the team as a whole; (2) the problem of how to articulate operator requirements in such a form that they are taken into account in the design development; and (3) the progressive evolution of organisations and changes in work practices. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0169814195000259 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8932 Author: Wang, J., Sun, A., Su, W., Wang, J. and Liu, H. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Development of an expert control strategy for controlling obstacle crossing of a high-voltage transmission line inspection robot Conference Name: 18th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC) Pages: 1-5 Date: 7-8 Sept. 2012 Short Title: Development of an expert control strategy for controlling obstacle crossing of a high-voltage transmission line inspection robot Keywords: collision avoidance control engineering computing control system synthesis expert systems inference mechanisms inspection mobile robots power transmission lines programming languages CLIPS VC++ artificial intelligence automatic inspection crawling robot expert control strategy expert system based control strategy high-voltage transmission line inspection robot inference engine intelligent algorithms line faults obstacle crossing control remotely controlled inspection robot robot knowledge base rule based expert control system software design Control systems Databases Engines Robot sensing systems expert system knowledge base robot control Abstract: A rule based expert control system is designed for controlling a crawling robot to cross obstacles along highvoltage transmission lines. The objective of this study is to achieve automatic inspection of the line faults by using a remotely controlled inspection robot. The expert control strategy presented in the paper adopts the principles of artificial intelligence and embeds intelligent algorithms and strategies in the controller for the robot. The paper discusses the structure of the expert system based control strategy and the design methodology to derive the robot knowledge base and inference engine. VC++ and CLIPS are used as the programming languages for software design and implementation. The feasibility and practical applicability of the expert system are tested and verified through experimental study. The experimental results show that the control strategy works well with the satisfactory performance and has a great potential to be applied in practice. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8493 Author: Liebowitz, Jay Year: 1986 Title: Development of an expert system prototype for determining software functional requirements for command management activities at NASA goddard Journal: Telematics and Informatics Volume: 3 Issue: 1 Pages: 47-79 Date: // Short Title: Development of an expert system prototype for determining software functional requirements for command management activities at NASA goddard ISSN: 0736-5853 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-5853(86)80037-5 Abstract: At NASA Goddard, the role of the command management system (CMS) is to transform general requests for spacecraft operations into detailed operational plans to be uplinked to the spacecraft. The CMS is part of the NASA Data System which entails the downlink of science and engineering data from NASA near-earth satellites to the user, and the uplink of command and control data to the spacecraft. Presently, it takes one to three years, with meetings once or twice a week, to determine functional requirements for CMS software design. As an alternative approach to the present technique of developing CMS software functional requirements, an expert system prototype was developed to aid in this function. Specifically, the knowledge base was formulated through interactions with domain experts, and was then linked to an existing expert system application generator called “Knowledge Engineering System.” Knowledge base development focused on four major steps: (1) develop the problem-oriented attribute hierarchy; (2) determine the knowledge management approach; (3) encode the knowledge base; and (4) validate, test, certify, and evaluate the knowledge base and the expert system prototype as a whole. Backcasting was accomplished for validating and testing the expert system prototype. Knowledge refinement, evaluation, and implementation procedures of the expert system prototype were then transacted. Notes: tool development URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0736585386800375 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8826 Author: Jingqiu, Shao and Far, B. H. Year of Conference: 2004 Title: Development of an intelligent system for architecture design and analysis [software architecture] Conference Name: Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2004 (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37513) Volume: 1 Pages: 539-542 Vol.1 Date: 2-5 May 2004 Short Title: Development of an intelligent system for architecture design and analysis [software architecture] ISBN: 0840-7789 DOI: 10.1109/CCECE.2004.1345092 Keywords: inference mechanisms knowledge representation software architecture software quality software tools ADD architectural alternatives exploration architectural information attribute driven design method design process support tools intelligent software architecture design system knowledge base quality attributes reasoning mechanisms software architecture analysis user requirements Business communication Computer architecture Design engineering Information analysis Intelligent systems Knowledge engineering Maintenance engineering Software design Software maintenance Abstract: Software architecture plays a pivotal role in allowing an organization to meet its business goals, in terms of the early insights it provides into the system, the communication it enables among stakeholders, and the value it provides as a re-usable asset. Unfortunately, designing and analyzing architecture for a certain system is recognized as a hard task for most software engineers, because the process of collecting, maintaining, and validating architectural information is complex, knowledge-intensive, iterative, and error prone. The needs of software architectural design and analysis have led to a desire to create tools to support the process. This paper introduces an intelligent system, which serves the following purposes: to obtain meaningful nonfunctional requirements from users; to aid in exploring architectural alternatives; and to facilitate architectural analysis. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9590 Author: Yun, S., Kim, C., Kim, J., Choi, M. T. and Kim, M. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: The Development of Easy Interaction Room Conference Name: RO-MAN 2007 - The 16th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication Pages: 866-871 Date: 26-29 Aug. 2007 Short Title: The Development of Easy Interaction Room ISBN: 1944-9445 DOI: 10.1109/ROMAN.2007.4415206 Keywords: home automation intelligent robots mobile robots service robots software architecture software reusability ubiquitous computing cutting-edge technology easy interaction room development hardware infrastructure intelligent robotic service monolithic robot platform Collaboration Computer architecture Hardware Human robot interaction Pervasive computing Robotics and automation Abstract: This paper introduces the system development of the ubiquitous computing environment, called easy interaction room (EIR), in which humans can get intelligent robotic services with easy interaction. The room has been built to research the roles between the ubicomp environment and service robot in it. Also EIR system collaborates on a special home service with the monolithic robot platform. In this development, cutting-edge technologies are employed on the design and implementation of hardware infrastructure for the automated environment. Intelligent Robot Software Architecture, developed by CIR for reusable and extensible architecture, is used to build EIR's software architecture for rapid development. Preliminary correlations between EIR and a service robot have been designed and implemented on the architectures. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8595 Author: Emond, Patrick D., Choi, Abram, O'Neill, John, Xie, Jason, Adachi, Rick and Gordon, Chris L. Year: 2009 Title: The Development of EERA: Software for Assessing Rheumatic Joint Erosions Journal: Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal Volume: 60 Issue: 2 Pages: 63-68 Date: 4// Short Title: The Development of EERA: Software for Assessing Rheumatic Joint Erosions ISSN: 0846-5371 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2009.02.007 Keywords: Arthritis, Rheumatoid Magnetic resonance imaging Abstract: Objective The principal aim of this study was to create a segmentation program, to be used by nonmusculoskeletal or junior fellows, that defines the bones in the metacarpophalangeal joint in a dynamic 3-dimensional image that will lead to higher inter-reader agreement of bone erosion scores. Methods The second to fifth metacarpal head and phalangeal bases of 15 participants were rated according to the Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring system by one trained and one untrained reader. Two comparisons were made. The first comparison was between the 2 readers using only the traditional 2-dimensional magnetic resonance image set. The second comparison was between the 2 readers, with the untrained reader using a custom segmentation program with traditional 2-dimensional magnetic resonance image set. Results The software marginally increased inter-reader reliability with the exception of the second metacarpal head, for which reliability was increased substantially. Future work will concentrate on improving image acquisition, better delineate erosions from surrounding bone oedema, and address methods to directly determine erosion volumes. Conclusions Software designed to display dynamic 3-dimensional images enables a relatively untrained user to score the metacarpophalangeal joints in the hand for erosions equivalent to that produced by an expert using the manual methods. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0846537109000102 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8334 Author: Jos, #233, Mac, A., #237 and as Year: 2012 Title: Development of end-user-centered EUD software Conference Name: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Interacción Persona-Ordenador Conference Location: Elche, Spain Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-2 DOI: 10.1145/2379636.2379660 Place Published: 2379660 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8883 Author: Choi, T., Do, H., Park, D. and Son, Y. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Development of the software to build kinematics for module based robot automatically Conference Name: 2016 International Conference on Advanced Mechatronic Systems (ICAMechS) Pages: 96-99 Date: Nov. 30 2016-Dec. 3 2016 Short Title: Development of the software to build kinematics for module based robot automatically DOI: 10.1109/ICAMechS.2016.7813428 Keywords: control engineering computing robot kinematics robot programming software architecture software tools Cartesian space kinematics library module based robot software development software tool-set Companies Kinematics Libraries Manipulators Software kinematics building modular robot Abstract: Module based robot has long history. There are many module based robot in the market. Some companies sell those to be used in industrial application. However software technology is not doing catch up hardware performance. Company provide software tool-set, and user can build their own control system. Customers meet the limitation when they want to build kinematics library to control their robots in Cartesian space. It is clear that expertise in robotics is required to develop kinematics. In this article the novel software architecture to make kinematic library for module based robot automatically is introduced. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8200 Author: Denil, Joachim, Vangheluwe, Hans, Ramaekers, Pieter, Meulenaere, Paul De and Demeyer, Serge Year: 2011 Title: DEVS for AUTOSAR platform modelling Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2011 Symposium on Theory of Modeling & Simulation: DEVS Integrative M&S Symposium Conference Location: Boston, Massachusetts Publisher: Society for Computer Simulation International Pages: 67-74 Place Published: 2048484 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9161 Author: Mitchell, J. Year: 1989 Title: Diagnostic maintenance expert system for the hydraulic subsystem of a continuous miner Journal: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications Volume: 25 Issue: 5 Pages: 841-845 Short Title: Diagnostic maintenance expert system for the hydraulic subsystem of a continuous miner ISSN: 0093-9994 DOI: 10.1109/28.41246 Keywords: expert systems maintenance engineering mining continuous miner diagnostic maintenance expert system hydraulic subsystem sensor interface software Application software Delay Diagnostic expert systems Equipment failure Hydraulic systems Machinery Mechanical sensors Mechanical systems Sensor phenomena and characterization Software design Abstract: An expert system is being developed for diagnostic maintenance of the hydraulic system of a continuous coal mining machine. Through the use of such a system, lengthy and costly delays due to equipment failure and repair can be significantly reduced. This type of equipment diagnostic system can be applied to the electrical and mechanical systems as well as other mining machinery. The functional requirements of the expert system, the approach to the problem, the application domain, a description of how the system works, its software design and sensor interface, and future plans for the continued development of this and other expert systems in mining are discussed Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7842 Author: Tofan, Dan, Galster, Matthias and Avgeriou, Paris Year: 2013 Title: Difficulty of Architectural Decisions – A Survey with Professional Architects Editor: Drira, Khalil Book Title: Software Architecture: 7th European Conference, ECSA 2013, Montpellier, France, July 1-5, 2013. Proceedings Place Published: Berlin, Heidelberg Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg Pages: 192-199 Short Title: Difficulty of Architectural Decisions – A Survey with Professional Architects ISBN: 978-3-642-39031-9 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-39031-9_17 Label: Tofan2013 Abstract: Much research exists on architectural decisions, but little work describes architectural decisions in the real-world. In this paper, we present the results of a survey with 43 architects from industry. We study characteristics of 86 real-world architectural decisions and factors that contribute to their difficulty. Also, we compare decisions made by junior architects and senior architects. Finally, we compare good and bad architectural decisions. Survey results indicate that architectural decisions take an average time of eight working days. Dependencies between decisions and the effort required to analyze decisions are major factors that contribute to their difficulty. Compared to senior architects, junior architects spend a quarter of the time on making a decision. Good architectural decisions tend to include more decision alternatives than bad decisions. Finally, we found that 86% of architectural decisions are group decisions. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39031-9_17 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8382 Author: Kling, Rob and Elliott, Margaret Year: 1994 Title: Digital library design for organizational usability Journal: SIGOIS Bull. Volume: 15 Issue: 2 Pages: 59-70 Short Title: Digital library design for organizational usability ISSN: 0894-0819 DOI: 10.1145/192611.192746 Legal Note: 192746 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9374 Author: Klingensmith, M. W. Year of Conference: 1997 Title: Digital system debug techniques Conference Name: WESCON/97 Conference Proceedings Pages: 98-120 Date: 4-6 Nov 1997 Short Title: Digital system debug techniques ISBN: 1095-791X DOI: 10.1109/WESCON.1997.632325 Keywords: computer debugging program debugging software development management systems analysis Hewlett-Packard debug techniques development process digital system debug software development team productivity Digital integrated circuits Digital systems Hardware Manufacturing industries Productivity Programming Semiconductor device manufacture Software debugging Software design Springs Abstract: Hewlett-Packard's extensive experience working with digital system design teams, semiconductor manufacturers and industry design consultants has made HP the expert in digital system debug techniques. This paper, gives valuable insights from HP. HP share design for debug techniques that you can use to shorten your development process and improve team productivity. Learn how to design your hardware to simplify debug and performance characterization. Understand the needs of the software development team so that you can design digital hardware to help meet those needs. Architectural, hardware and software design considerations for debug will also be explored Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9389 Author: Patil, K. K. and Ahmed, S. T. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Digital telemammography services for rural India, software components and design protocol Conference Name: 2014 International Conference on Advances in Electronics Computers and Communications Pages: 1-5 Date: 10-11 Oct. 2014 Short Title: Digital telemammography services for rural India, software components and design protocol DOI: 10.1109/ICAECC.2014.7002442 Keywords: Internet biological tissues cancer data analysis groupware health care mammography medical image processing patient monitoring software engineering telemedicine advanced ICT technology application cancer diagnosis design protocol digital TSS digital mammogram analysis digital telemammography service system doctor-patient ratio early breast cancer detection effective healthcare service end-to-end solution healthcare worker training low cost implementation model mammography screening mortality rate reduction remote expert consultation remote radiologist consultation rural India rural primary health care center patient rural service platform software architecture software component survival rate system architecture Breast cancer Medical diagnostic imaging Servers Sociology Digital Telemammography Remote cancer monitoring Abstract: Providing healthcare services in the rural parts of India is a big challenge mainly due to dismal doctor - patient ratio. Deadly diseases like cancer need experts to detect and diagnosis. Breast cancer, is the second major type of cancer found in women worldwide. Mammography screening has been proven to be most effective in reducing the mortality rate of breast cancer, with the application of advanced ICT technology to rural primary health care centers for breast cancer detection, will definitely help in early detection of breast cancer and hence increases the survival rate in women. The Digital “Telemammography Service System” - (TSS), is one such initiative to enable trained healthcare workers and patient from the rural primary health care center to consult experts/radiologist remotely at low cost and get done with their digital mammograms analyzed thoroughly. In this work, we present the software architecture and low cost implementation model for a Rural Service Platform to provide an end-to-end solution while touching the next billion under-served populations. In this paper, we mainly focused on the studies related to digital mammography, system architecture and software components to provide effective healthcare services to rural Indian women. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8306 Author: Hardy, John, Bull, Christopher, Kotonya, Gerald and Whittle, Jon Year: 2011 Title: Digitally annexing desk space for software development (NIER track) Conference Name: Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering Conference Location: Waikiki, Honolulu, HI, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 812-815 DOI: 10.1145/1985793.1985910 Place Published: 1985910 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9036 Author: Hardy, J., Bull, C., Kotonya, G. and Whittle, J. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Digitally annexing desk space for software development: NIER track Conference Name: 2011 33rd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE) Pages: 812-815 Date: 21-28 May 2011 Short Title: Digitally annexing desk space for software development: NIER track ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1145/1985793.1985910 Keywords: data visualisation groupware software engineering CoffeeTable IDE NIER track digitally annexing desk space interactive desk software design process software development Collaboration Interviews Navigation Programming Software Visualization collaboration and collaborative construction collocation cscw software visualisation tabletop user interfaces Abstract: Software engineering is a team activity yet the programmer's key tool, the IDE, is still largely that of a soloist. This paper describes the vision, implementation and initial evaluation of CoffeeTable - a fully featured research prototype resulting from our reflections on the software design process. CoffeeTable exchanges the traditional IDE for one built around a shared interactive desk. The proposed solution encourages smooth transitions between agile and traditional modes of working whilst helping to create a shared vision and common reference frame - key to sustaining a good design. This paper also presents early results from the evaluation of CoffeeTable and offers some insights from the lessons learned. In particular, it highlights the role of developer tools and the software constructions that are shaped by them. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8947 Author: Ming, H., Chang, C. K. and Yang, J. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Dimensional Situation Analytics: From Data to Wisdom Conference Name: 2015 IEEE 39th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference Volume: 1 Pages: 50-59 Date: 1-5 July 2015 Short Title: Dimensional Situation Analytics: From Data to Wisdom DOI: 10.1109/COMPSAC.2015.199 Keywords: data handling knowledge management parallel processing (MR)2 paradigm DIKW hierarchy cognitive category decision making dimensional situation analytics functional MapReduce computing paradigm human centric situation studies knowledge transformation Computer science Context Electronic mail Ontologies Software design Data Information Knowledge MapReduce Ontology Situ framework Situation Analytics Situation theory Wisdom (DIKW) Abstract: In the late 80s, Ackoff first proposed a cognitive category upon the content of human mind, which included Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom, or DIKW. Since then, the DIKW hierarchy has attracted a flurry of further research studies. Its applications include ontology composition, decision making theory, domain specific engineering theory, software design thought process automation, etc., to name a few. Partially based on our previous work on human centric situation studies, we propose a dimensional situation analytics towards a new view on the DIKW hierarchy. By incorporating functional MapReduce computing paradigm, we present in this paper a novel (MR)2 paradigm, which refers to two consecutive MapReduce that cut across the boundaries between Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom. We argue that our (MR)2 paradigm promotes comprehensive decision making and therefore, offers new insights in knowledge transformation from data to wisdom. Notes: Some implementation not connected Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8535 Author: Engelsone, A., Campbell, S. L. and Betts, J. T. Year: 2007 Title: Direct transcription solution of higher-index optimal control problems and the virtual index Journal: Applied Numerical Mathematics Volume: 57 Issue: 3 Pages: 281-296 Date: 3// Short Title: Direct transcription solution of higher-index optimal control problems and the virtual index ISSN: 0168-9274 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnum.2006.03.012 Keywords: Numerical methods Optimal control Direct transcription Abstract: Direct transcription methods are a popular approach for solving optimal control problems. They are sometimes able to solve problems that the classical numerical theory would suggest that they cannot solve. The dynamics of an equality constrained optimal control problem form a differential algebraic equation (DAE), and most numerical methods for solving these optimal control problems require solving this DAE for the states and algebraic variables, which would imply that the problem is unsolvable if this DAE is high index. We will demonstrate that direct transcription methods, which use a different approach, can successfully solve some higher index equality constrained optimal control problems and that the role of the index needs reinterpretation when using direct transcription methods. These results and observations have implications for software design and guidance provided to users. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168927406000572 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8157 Author: Clear, Tony Year: 2005 Title: Disciplined design practices: a role for refactoring in software engineering? Journal: SIGCSE Bull. Volume: 37 Issue: 4 Pages: 15-16 Short Title: Disciplined design practices: a role for refactoring in software engineering? ISSN: 0097-8418 DOI: 10.1145/1113847.1113853 Legal Note: 1113853 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9237 Author: Jolak, R., Umuhoza, E., Ho-Quang, T., Chaudron, M. R. V. and Brambilla, M. Year of Conference: 2017 Title: Dissecting Design Effort and Drawing Effort in UML Modeling Conference Name: 2017 43rd Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA) Pages: 384-391 Date: Aug. 30 2017-Sept. 1 2017 Short Title: Dissecting Design Effort and Drawing Effort in UML Modeling DOI: 10.1109/SEAA.2017.55 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language formal verification UML modeling cognitive activities design effort drawing effort layouting notation expression software development software models Computational modeling Layout Mathematical model Software Software engineering Tools Empirical Software Engineering Layouting Effort Modeling Effort Software Design Software Modeling UML Abstract: One argument in the discussion about the adoption of UML in industry is the supposedly large effort it takes to do modeling. Our study explores how the creation of UML models can be understood to consist of different cognitive activities: (i) designing: thinking about the design (ideation, key-design decision making), (ii) notation expression: expressing a design in a modeling notation and (iii) layouting: the spatial organization of model elements in a diagram. We explain that these different subactivities relate to different short-term and long-term benefits of modeling. In this study we present two controlled experiments with a total of 100 subjects creating models for a small system. In these experiments we focus on software models as represented through UML class diagram. Our results show that at least 56% of the effort spent on creating a class model is actually due to designing. Notation expression is around 41% of the model creation effort and layouting is in the order of 3%. This finding suggests that a significant part of creating models is devoted to design thinking about the problem. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7622 Author: Sobernig, S. and Zdun, U. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Distilling Architectural Design Decisions and Their Relationships Using Frequent Item-Sets Conference Name: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) Pages: 61-70 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: Distilling Architectural Design Decisions and Their Relationships Using Frequent Item-Sets DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2016.9 Keywords: data mining software architecture architectural knowledge artifact data-mining distilled decision frequent item-sets guidance model reusable architectural decision model Computer architecture Context Decision making Documentation Encoding Software Systematics architectural design decision design-decision relationship reusable architectural design-decision model Abstract: Much attention is paid nowadays to software architecture of a system as a set of design decisions providing the rationale for the system design. To document and share proven architectural design decisions, decisions made in concrete development projects are mined and distilled into reusable architectural decision models (a.k.a. guidance models). The available distillation approaches, however, remain ad hoc and biased towards the personal experience of few expert architects. Relationships between distilled decisions are not systematically explored. We propose an approach for distilling reusable architectural design decisions with emphasis on their relationships. Architectural knowledge artifacts (e.g., architecture documentation, interviews) are systematically coded for the occurrence of architectural design decisions and their details. Co-occurrences of coded design decisions are then processed for different relationship types using an established data-mining technique: frequent item-sets. The distilled relationships enter the construction of a reusable architectural decision model and contribute to organizing the design space based on empirical data (i.e., frequency patterns of co-occurrences). We report on distilling design-decision relationships from decision data collected during a three-year project on language architectures of 80 UML-based domain-specific modeling languages. Notes: Relation between decisions, however no behavior focus Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9185 Author: Sobernig, S. and Zdun, U. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Distilling Architectural Design Decisions and Their Relationships Using Frequent Item-Sets Conference Name: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) Pages: 61-70 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: Distilling Architectural Design Decisions and Their Relationships Using Frequent Item-Sets DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2016.9 Keywords: data mining software architecture architectural knowledge artifact data-mining distilled decision frequent item-sets guidance model reusable architectural decision model Computer architecture Context Decision making Documentation Encoding Software Systematics architectural design decision design-decision relationship reusable architectural design-decision model Abstract: Much attention is paid nowadays to software architecture of a system as a set of design decisions providing the rationale for the system design. To document and share proven architectural design decisions, decisions made in concrete development projects are mined and distilled into reusable architectural decision models (a.k.a. guidance models). The available distillation approaches, however, remain ad hoc and biased towards the personal experience of few expert architects. Relationships between distilled decisions are not systematically explored. We propose an approach for distilling reusable architectural design decisions with emphasis on their relationships. Architectural knowledge artifacts (e.g., architecture documentation, interviews) are systematically coded for the occurrence of architectural design decisions and their details. Co-occurrences of coded design decisions are then processed for different relationship types using an established data-mining technique: frequent item-sets. The distilled relationships enter the construction of a reusable architectural decision model and contribute to organizing the design space based on empirical data (i.e., frequency patterns of co-occurrences). We report on distilling design-decision relationships from decision data collected during a three-year project on language architectures of 80 UML-based domain-specific modeling languages. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8331 Author: Badeig, Fabien, Pelorson, Quentin, Arias, Soraya, Drouard, Vincent, Gebru, Israel, Li, Xiaofei, Evangelidis, Georgios and Horaud, Radu Year: 2015 Title: A Distributed Architecture for Interacting with NAO Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2015 ACM on International Conference on Multimodal Interaction Conference Location: Seattle, Washington, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 385-386 DOI: 10.1145/2818346.2823303 Place Published: 2823303 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8686 Author: Elfes, Alberto Year: 1986 Title: A distributed control architecture for an autonomous mobile robot Journal: Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Volume: 1 Issue: 2 Pages: 99-108 Date: 10// Short Title: A distributed control architecture for an autonomous mobile robot ISSN: 0954-1810 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0954-1810(86)90054-3 Keywords: mobile robot software architecture sonar mapping autonomous navigation distributed problem-solving distributed control Abstract: This paper describes a Distributed Control Architecture for an autonomous mobile robot. We start by characterizing the Conceptual Levels into which the various problem-solving activities of a mobile robot can be classified. In sequence, we discuss a Distributed Control System that provides scheduling and coordination of multiple concurrent activities on a mobile robot. Multiple Expert Modules are responsible for the various tasks and communicate through messages and over a Blackboard. As a testbed, the architecture of a specific system for Sonar-Based Mapping and Navigation is presented, and a distributed implementation is described. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0954181086900543 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8555 Author: Cannataro, Mario, Talia, Domenico and Trunfio, Paolo Year: 2002 Title: Distributed data mining on the grid Journal: Future Generation Computer Systems Volume: 18 Issue: 8 Pages: 1101-1112 Date: 10// Short Title: Distributed data mining on the grid ISSN: 0167-739X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-739X(02)00088-2 Keywords: Knowledge discovery Distributed data mining Grid services Abstract: In many industrial, scientific and commercial applications, it is often necessary to analyze large data sets, maintained over geographically distributed sites, by using the computational power of distributed and parallel systems. The grid can play a significant role in providing an effective computational support for knowledge discovery applications. We describe a software architecture for geographically distributed high-performance knowledge discovery applications called Knowledge Grid, which is designed on top of computational grid mechanisms, provided by grid environments such as Globus. The Knowledge Grid uses the basic grid services such as communication, authentication, information, and resource management to build more specific parallel and distributed knowledge discovery tools and services. The paper discusses how the Knowledge Grid can be used to implement distributed data mining services. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167739X02000882 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8295 Author: Daily, Mike, Howard, Mike, Jerald, Jason, Lee, Craig, Martin, Kevin, McInnes, Doug and Tinker, Pete Year: 2000 Title: Distributed design review in virtual environments Conference Name: Proceedings of the third international conference on Collaborative virtual environments Conference Location: San Francisco, California, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 57-63 DOI: 10.1145/351006.351013 Place Published: 351013 Abstract: In large distributed corporations, distributed design review offers the potential for cost savings, reduced time to market, and improved efficiency. It also has the potential to improve the design process by enabling wider expertise to be incorporated in design reviews. This paper describes the integration of several components to enable distributed virtual design review in mixed multi-party, heterogeneous multi-site 2D and immersive 3D environments. The system provides higher layers of support for collaboration including avatars, high fidelity audio, and shared artifact manipulation. The system functions across several interface environments ranging from CAVEs to Walls to desktop workstations. At the center of the software architecture is the Human Integrating Virtual Environment (HIVE) [6], a collaboration infrastructure and toolset to support research and development of multi-user, geographically distributed, 2D and 3D shared applications. The HIVE functions with VisualEyes software for visualizing 3D data in virtual environments. We also describe in detail the configuration and lessons learned in a two site, heterogeneous multi-user demonstration of the system between HRL Laboratories in Malibu, California and GM R&D in Warren, Michigan. Notes: Tool description Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7864 Author: Rago, Alejandro, Vidal, Santiago, Diaz-Pace, J. Andres, Frank, Sebastian, Andr, #233 and Hoorn, van Year: 2017 Title: Distributed quality-attribute optimization of software architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the 11th Brazilian Symposium on Software Components, Architectures, and Reuse Conference Location: Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-10 DOI: 10.1145/3132498.3132509 Place Published: 3132509 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8723 Author: Austin, Mark, Delgoshaei, Parastoo and Nguyen, Alan Year: 2015 Title: Distributed System Behavior Modeling with Ontologies, Rules, and Message Passing Mechanisms Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 44 Pages: 373-382 Date: // Short Title: Distributed System Behavior Modeling with Ontologies, Rules, and Message Passing Mechanisms ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.03.059 Keywords: Distributed System Modeling Ontologies Rule Checking Jena API Abstract: Modern societal-scale infrastructures (e.g., buildings, roads, railways, and power supplies) that are defined by spatially distributed network structures, concurrent subsystem-level behaviours, distributed control and decision making, and interdependencies among subsystems that are not always well understood. During both Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy, it quickly became evident a disturbance in one system can impact other networks in ways that are both unexpected and undesirable. Such outcomes put engineering designers and urban planners (decision makers) in a tough spot where quantitative decision-making regarding the adequacy of system infrastructure is complicated by the presence of newfound system interactions. This paper takes a first step toward providing designers and planners with computational support for simulation of distributed system behaviours with system-level interactions. We describe an experimental software prototype for distributed event-based system behaviour modelling with ontologies, rules checking and message passing mechanisms. Key features of the software architecture are demonstrated through the development of two scenarios: (1) A family interacting with a school system, and (2) Simulation of adjustments to the Washington DC Metro System schedule in response to a severe storm. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050915002951 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8296 Author: Edson Oliveira, Jr. and Allian, Ana P. Year: 2015 Title: Do Reference Architectures can Contribute to Standardizing Variability Management Tools? Conference Name: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Exploring Component-based Techniques for Constructing Reference Architectures Conference Location: Montréal, QC, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 9-12 DOI: 10.1145/2755567.2755568 Place Published: 2755568 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9499 Author: Oliveira, E. and Allian, A. P. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Do reference architectures can contribute to standardizing variability management tools? Conference Name: 2015 1st International Workshop on Exploring Component-based Techniques for Constructing Reference Architectures (CobRA) Pages: 1-4 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: Do reference architectures can contribute to standardizing variability management tools? Keywords: open systems software architecture software product lines software reusability software tools VM tools interoperability mass customization product customization product derivation product standardization reference architectures software products variability management tool standardization Analytical models Computer architecture Documentation Industries Software Standardization Systematics Variability Management Tools Abstract: Variability Management (VM) is one of the core activities for the success of software reuse. Several VM tools developed in academia and industry support mass customization of new software products and decrease time to market. Despite of a signi cant number of VM tools, in most cases, industry has adopted different techniques for managing variability, including producing their own tools. Such a heterogeneity provides difficulties in establishing VM, product customization and derivation, and standardization. From another perspective, reference architectures (RA) are a special type of software architecture as it encompasses specific domain knowledge, making it easier the development, standardization and evolution of software systems. Concepts from reference architectures can mitigate the lacking of VM tools standardization. Therefore, this position paper presents a vision towards supporting architectural standardization of VM tools, through reference architectures, for achieving a well-recognized understanding of such a domain and promoting reuse of design expertise. In this context, the main contribution of this paper is providing a discussion with regard to reference architectures and variability management tools towards supporting answering the following research question: Do reference architectures can contribute to standardizing VM tools?". Such standardization is useful as it fosters interoperability and reuse. Notes: Focusing on tools Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8210 Author: Yskout, Koen, Scandariato, Riccardo and Joosen, Wouter Year: 2015 Title: Do security patterns really help designers? Conference Name: Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Software Engineering - Volume 1 Conference Location: Florence, Italy Publisher: IEEE Press Pages: 292-302 Place Published: 2818792 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9367 Author: Yskout, K., Scandariato, R. and Joosen, W. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Do Security Patterns Really Help Designers? Conference Name: 2015 IEEE/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering Volume: 1 Pages: 292-302 Date: 16-24 May 2015 Short Title: Do Security Patterns Really Help Designers? ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1109/ICSE.2015.49 Keywords: security of data software architecture realistically-sized banking system security pattern software design Banking Context IEEE catalogs Productivity Security Software Training Abstract: Security patterns are well-known solutions to security-specific problems. They are often claimed to benefit designers without much security expertise. We have performed an empirical study to investigate whether the usage of security patterns by such an audience leads to a more secure design, or to an increased productivity of the designers. Our study involved 32 teams of master students enrolled in a course on software architecture, working on the design of a realistically-sized banking system. Irrespective of whether the teams were using security patterns, we have not been able to detect a difference between the two treatment groups. However, the teams prefer to work with the support of security patterns. Notes: students Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8784 Author: Ninh, A. Q. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: DocBot: A novel clinical decision support algorithm Conference Name: 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Pages: 6290-6293 Date: 26-30 Aug. 2014 Short Title: DocBot: A novel clinical decision support algorithm ISBN: 1094-687X DOI: 10.1109/EMBC.2014.6945067 Keywords: Internet decision making decision support systems electronic health records human computer interaction hypermedia markup languages medical computing software architecture user interfaces CDSS DocBot HTML interfaces Web-based clinical decision support system demographic information electronic health record analytics etiologically relevant binary decision questions medical assessments patient analysis patient information patient interaction preclinical form specialist referrals symptomatic information treatment plans Arrays Databases Diseases Medical diagnostic imaging Abstract: DocBot is a web-based clinical decision support system (CDSS) that uses patient interaction and electronic health record analytics to assist medical practitioners with decision making. It consists of two distinct HTML interfaces: a preclinical form wherein a patient inputs symptomatic and demographic information, and an interface wherein a medical practitioner views patient information and analysis. DocBot comprises an improved software architecture that uses patient information, electronic health records, and etiologically relevant binary decision questions (stored in a knowledgebase) to provide medical practitioners with information including, but not limited to medical assessments, treatment plans, and specialist referrals. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7853 Author: Ovaska, Eila and Raibulet, Claudia Year: 2010 Title: Doctoral Symposium of the European Conference on Software Architecture 2010 Conference Name: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-3 DOI: 10.1145/1842752.1842754 Place Published: 1842754 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9101 Author: Stettina, C. J., Heijstek, W. and Fægri, T. E. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Documentation Work in Agile Teams: The Role of Documentation Formalism in Achieving a Sustainable Practice Conference Name: 2012 Agile Conference Pages: 31-40 Date: 13-17 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Documentation Work in Agile Teams: The Role of Documentation Formalism in Achieving a Sustainable Practice DOI: 10.1109/Agile.2012.7 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language software architecture software prototyping sustainable development system documentation RUP templates SAD group UML group agile software development agile teams documentation allocation documentation formalism role documentation work high-level software architecture iterative documentation practices low-level software design sustainable practice task specialization textual description textual documentation Documentation Encoding Software design Teamwork knowledge sharing organizational management and coordination process improvement project management software development Abstract: As its second guiding principle, agile software development promotes working software over comprehensive documentation. In this paper we investigate alignment between two different documentation practices and agile development. We report upon an experiment conducted to explore the impact of formalism and media type on various dimensions of documentation practice in agile teams. 28 students in 8 teams were divided into two groups: SAD and UML. Group SAD was to update and deliver their high-level software architecture in form of a textual description defined by RUP templates. Group UML was instructed to update and deliver their low-level software design in form of UML models. Our results show that iterative documentation practices led to more extensive and more detailed textual documentation. We found that writing documentation was perceived as a intrusive task leading to task specialization and allocation of documentation to less qualified team members. Consequently, this hampered collaboration within the team. Based in our findings, we suggest that if documentation is to be delivered with the project, producing documentation should be communicated and accepted by the team as a proper product. Furthermore, we argue that codification of internal development knowledge should be a non-intrusive task. Notes: just about documentation as a product Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8271 Author: Overmyer, S. P. Year: 1990 Title: DoD-Std-2167A and methodologies Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 15 Issue: 5 Pages: 50-59 Short Title: DoD-Std-2167A and methodologies ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/101328.101338 Legal Note: 101338 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8568 Author: Das, Sudeshna, Ray, Deepshikha and Banerjee, Mallika Year: 2011 Title: Does hallucination affect vigilance performance in schizophrenia? An exploratory study Journal: Asian Journal of Psychiatry Volume: 4 Issue: 3 Pages: 196-202 Date: 9// Short Title: Does hallucination affect vigilance performance in schizophrenia? An exploratory study ISSN: 1876-2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2011.05.015 Keywords: Schizophrenia Auditory verbal hallucination Vigilance Abstract: The present study investigates the role of “auditory verbal hallucination” (AVH) in the attentional processes of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia compared with healthy participants. The sample consisted of 26 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia divided into – “schizophrenia with hallucination” (N = 12) and “schizophrenia without hallucination” (N = 14). 13 matched healthy participants were taken. A general health questionnaire was used to screen out psychiatric morbidity in healthy participants. The presence and/or absence of AVH were substantiated through the administration of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Only individuals having higher composite scores in the positive scale were included. Edinburgh Handedness Inventory was administered to all participants. Software designed to measure vigilance was used to assess attentional deficits in the three groups included in the study. The complexity of the “vigilance task” was varied across three parameters: (1) spatial position of the target stimulus and buffer, (2) frequency of the target stimulus and buffer and (3) colour of target stimulus and buffer. The performances of the 3 groups were compared statistically in terms of Hit, Miss and False Alarm scores. Results revealed that schizophrenia patients are deficient as compared to their healthy counterparts in the ability to focus on a specific target while inhibiting non-relevant information across all conditions. Also, schizophrenia patients who have AVH are relatively more deficient as compared to the schizophrenia patients without AVH. It can be concluded that perceptual abnormality in schizophrenia patients with hallucination has an additional negative impact on attentional processes. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876201811000761 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8640 Author: Kang, Soon Ju and Chien, Sung Il Year: 1998 Title: Domain-specific design of a non-destructive health monitoring expert system Journal: Expert Systems with Applications Volume: 14 Issue: 3 Pages: 385-397 Date: 4// Short Title: Domain-specific design of a non-destructive health monitoring expert system ISSN: 0957-4174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0957-4174(97)00091-2 Abstract: This paper introduces a signal-to-symbol transformation model and proposes a corresponding software architecture for implementing an event-synchronous flaw signal diagnostic mechanism in a health monitoring expert system. In the proposed concept, to filter out input signal data effectively, and to modularize the process of knowledge processing and elicitation, the task of inspection can be delegated to two knowledge spaces each of which has a proper knowledge processing scheme to match the properties of its own task. The task for representing signal-specific knowledge which detects the signal patterns (events) leading to any harmful flaw is implemented by integrating a symbolic representation and syntactic parsing concept based on fuzzy set theory. The task for domain-specific knowledge evaluating the characteristics of the events is built based upon a rule-based expert system concept on the top of the fuzzy symbolic processing architecture. To propose a guideline of system integration, the signal-specific knowledge and domain-specific knowledge are conceptually modeled using object-oriented abstraction hierarchy. The proposed architecture has been verified by implementing a prototype which was developed to automatically interpret non-destructive evaluation signals for inspecting health of tubes used in nuclear power plants. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417497000912 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8073 Author: Schefer-Wenzl, Sigrid and Feiertag, Katharina Year: 2014 Title: A Domain-Specific Language for XML Security Standards Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2014 European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Vienna, Austria Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-7 DOI: 10.1145/2642803.2642821 Place Published: 2642821 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9029 Author: Hayes-Roth, B., Pfleger, K., Lalanda, P., Morignot, P. and Balabanovic, M. Year: 1995 Title: A domain-specific software architecture for adaptive intelligent systems Journal: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Volume: 21 Issue: 4 Pages: 288-301 Short Title: A domain-specific software architecture for adaptive intelligent systems ISSN: 0098-5589 DOI: 10.1109/32.385968 Keywords: adaptive systems blackboard architecture mobile robots office automation reconfigurable architectures software agents software engineering software reusability adaptive intelligent systems application configuration method application system development automatic configuration domain-specific software architecture expertise decomposition functional requirements highly reusable components intelligent agents layered architecture library components selection mobile office robots pipe and filter architecture reference architecture software engineering principles software reuse system reconfiguration Application software Computer architecture Decision support systems Filters Intelligent systems Software architecture Software libraries Teleworking Abstract: A good software architecture facilitates application system development, promotes achievement of functional requirements, and supports system reconfiguration. We present a domain-specific software architecture (DSSA) that we have developed for a large application domain of adaptive intelligent systems (AISs). The DSSA provides: (a) an AIS reference architecture designed to meet the functional requirements shared by applications in this domain, (b) principles for decomposing expertise into highly reusable components, and (c) an application configuration method for selecting relevant components from a library and automatically configuring instances of those components in an instance of the architecture. The AIS reference architecture incorporates features of layered, pipe and filter, and blackboard style architectures. We describe three studies demonstrating the utility of our architecture in the subdomain of mobile office robots and identify software engineering principles embodied in the architecture Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9189 Author: Zhang, R., Han, H. and Liang, Xiuxia Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Driving special interest group via project & cultivating talents to be expert in one thing and good at many Conference Name: 2012 International Symposium on Information Technologies in Medicine and Education Volume: 1 Pages: 199-203 Date: 3-5 Aug. 2012 Short Title: Driving special interest group via project & cultivating talents to be expert in one thing and good at many DOI: 10.1109/ITiME.2012.6291280 Keywords: educational institutions further education Qilu undergraduate contest Shandong province key laboratory of digital media college students employment foreign language higher education popularization progress software design special interest group talent cultivation universities Training expert in one thing and good at many project-driven Abstract: On the difficult problem of college students employment, we deeply analyze questions in the popularization progress of our country's higher education, and difference between talents needed and those trained in university. Then, according to our own advantages, we present talents training model of “driving special interest group via project & cultivating talents to be expert in one thing and good at many” based on the mode of “good foundation and wide knowledge”. Over the years, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Digital Media has developed a new route for practicing the model, which is to organize and cultivate the students by the mode of “driving special interest group via project” relying on the advantages of research, project, equipment and personnel. More significantly, the model has now been populated in many universities through the competition of Qilu Undergraduate Contest on Software Design and Foreign Language. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8367 Author: Sheard, Tim, Benaissa, Zine-el-abidine and Pasalic, Emir Year: 1999 Title: DSL implementation using staging and monads Journal: SIGPLAN Not. Volume: 35 Issue: 1 Pages: 81-94 Short Title: DSL implementation using staging and monads ISSN: 0362-1340 DOI: 10.1145/331963.331975 Legal Note: 331975 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8368 Author: Sheard, Tim, Benaissa, Zine-el-abidine and Pasalic, Emir Year: 1999 Title: DSL implementation using staging and monads Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Domain-specific languages Conference Location: Austin, Texas, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 81-94 DOI: 10.1145/331960.331975 Place Published: 331975 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9564 Author: Li, L. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: DSP based digital control system implementation of permanent magnet synchronous motor Conference Name: The 26th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (2014 CCDC) Pages: 3527-3531 Date: May 31 2014-June 2 2014 Short Title: DSP based digital control system implementation of permanent magnet synchronous motor ISBN: 1948-9439 DOI: 10.1109/CCDC.2014.6852790 Keywords: PI control control system synthesis digital control digital signal processing chips machine vector control permanent magnet motors synchronous motors AC servo system C language CCS_3.3 DSP based digital control system implementation PI controller design PMSM TMS320F2812 DSP controller board drive board permanent magnet synchronous motor vector control Algorithms Control systems Digital signal processing Software Space vector pulse width modulation DSP hardware circuits design software design Abstract: The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with high efficiency, high power factor, high control accuracy, high torque inertia, larger speed range and good torque smoothness, and a series of advantages, is playing a very important role in AC servo system. Based on vector control, a PI controller is designed to improve the control performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor. In order to realize the designed controller, a controller board based on TMS320F2812 DSP and a drive board is designed, the software is developed in C language on CCS_3.3 and the experimental results are debugged on the hardware platforms with software systems. The experimental results shows that the steady-state accuracy of the controller designed is higher and the overshoot is very small, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller designed in this paper and lay a software and hardware foundation for further study. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9249 Author: Xue, Lin Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Dynamic software design of portable data acquisition system Conference Name: 2010 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology Volume: 6 Pages: V6-535-V6-538 Date: 16-18 April 2010 Short Title: Dynamic software design of portable data acquisition system DOI: 10.1109/ICCET.2010.5486084 Keywords: Unified Modeling Language data acquisition software reusability component model computer technology domain model dynamic model dynamic software design embedded-based portable data acquisition system generation object-oriented analysis software model system case model Communication system control Current measurement Design methodology Displays Instruments Object oriented modeling Software design Space technology data acquisition system dynamic software model portable Abstract: With the development of computer technology, the role data acquisition system played in equipment check system is particularly prominent. Embedded-based portable data acquisition system generation makes the function of the data acquisition system further expanded. Based on the object-oriented analysis and design methods, this paper uses software reuse ideas and a unified modeling language, component technology to design the portable data acquisition system software model, and carry out a certain amount of research of the system case model, domain model, dynamic model and component model. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8615 Author: Cao, Jian, Wang, Jie, Zhang, Shensheng and Li, Minglu Year: 2004 Title: A dynamically reconfigurable system based on workflow and service agents Journal: Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence Volume: 17 Issue: 7 Pages: 771-782 Date: 10// Short Title: A dynamically reconfigurable system based on workflow and service agents ISSN: 0952-1976 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2004.08.030 Keywords: Autonomic computing Service Service agent Workflow Abstract: Most mission critical software systems are being built by integrating multiple distributed components. A software service, which is self-described and managed, and can be discovered and invoked dynamically through the Internet, provides a new paradigm for the composition of software systems. As a consequence, services and service-oriented software architecture will play fundamental roles in autonomic computing, which promotes the concept of self-management for software systems. To support self-managed and service-based software systems, a critical issue is how to deal with the service-oriented architecture to support dynamically reconfiguration. A service-based dynamically reconfigurable system framework for supporting future self-managed software systems was proposed in the paper. In the framework, a service agent represents an intelligent service broker that offers a self-managed and integrated service to respond to the requests from the environment adaptively. A workflow engine in this framework coordinates these service agents to implement particular business functions. The structure of the service agent, including its plan model, the relevant reconfiguration method and a service optimization mechanism, were discussed in the paper. A case study and an implementation were also presented. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952197604001150 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8403 Author: Jahnke, Isa Year: 2010 Title: Dynamics of social roles in a knowledge management community Journal: Computers in Human Behavior Volume: 26 Issue: 4 Pages: 533-546 Date: 7// Short Title: Dynamics of social roles in a knowledge management community ISSN: 0747-5632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.08.010 Keywords: Socio-Technical Communities Roles Social structures Community change Design-based research Qualitative paradigm Abstract: With the emergence of community-oriented Information and Communication Technology (ICT) applications, e.g., Wikipedia, the popularity of socio-technical phenomena in society has increased. This development emphasises the need to further our understanding of how computer-supported social group structures change over time and what forms emerge. This contribution presents the results of a qualitative field study of a Socio-Technical Community (STC). The STC is described from its founding (in 2001) to its sustainable development (in 2006) as well as its transformation phase (2007–2008). The design-based research approach revealed changes of social structures by social roles within the STC over time. The central conclusion is that such STC’s – networks of computer-mediated communication and human interaction – evolve a specific kind of social structure, which is formal rather than informal. The results indicate that a group evolves from an informal trust-based community with few formal roles to a STC where the social mechanisms, and not the software architecture, supports knowledge management processes. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563209001411 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9310 Author: Abajian, V., Mahe, S. A., Matte-Tailliez, O. and Ghitalla, F. Year of Conference: 2008 Title: E-Archaeology+: An integrated expert system dedicated to Archaeology Conference Name: 2008 3rd International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies: From Theory to Applications Pages: 1-4 Date: 7-11 April 2008 Short Title: E-Archaeology+: An integrated expert system dedicated to Archaeology DOI: 10.1109/ICTTA.2008.4529903 Keywords: archaeology expert systems system documentation Syria Vicken Abajian archaeology data capture e-archaeology integrated documentation theory integrated expert system Automation Data mining Documentation Electronic learning Management information systems Process design Project management Spatial databases Web server database electronic archaeology information system software design text-mining web-mining Abstract: E-archaeology is a project born in Syria and developed initially by Vicken Abajian. The project is related to document antiquities and monuments management. Globally, E-archaeology appears as an expert system of archaeology data capture, storage and analysis. We can experiment with it in the large in a particularly complex, archeologically speaking, country: Syria with an interesting international activity. It is design to improve communication between archaeologists working in museums, archaeological sites and research departments. Hence, a network of databases is put forward with an original conceptual structure scheme called Integrated Documentation Theory to integrate all the information about the antiquities and the possibility of tracking it. E-archeology is not only a data bases manager: different additional features are to be added to introduce e-learning, web data mining, graphical tools and friendly user-interfaces. Thus appears E-archaeology+ which aims to be a universal tool with up to date high technology. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8706 Author: Berrocal, Javier, Garcia-Alonso, Jose, Vicente-Chicote, Cristina, Hernández, Juan, Mikkonen, Tommi, Canal, Carlos and Murillo, Juan M. Year: 2017 Title: Early analysis of resource consumption patterns in mobile applications Journal: Pervasive and Mobile Computing Volume: 35 Pages: 32-50 Date: 2// Short Title: Early analysis of resource consumption patterns in mobile applications ISSN: 1574-1192 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2016.06.011 Keywords: Mobile software architecture Resource consumption Resource estimation Mobile-centric Abstract: Mobile device capabilities have increased tremendously in recent years, and the complexity of the applications executed in these devices has evolved accordingly. However, despite the efforts made by mobile manufactures, resource consumption, particularly battery and data traffic, are still limiting factors for mobile applications. The most important aspects determining the consumption of a mobile application is its software architecture and its behaviour. Hence, by comparing the resource consumption of different software architectures before an application is built, mobile developers can make decisions that are better informed. This work presents the consumption analysis of two applications, each of them built with two different architectures in order to identify under which situation each architecture is more efficient. In addition, by generalizing the analysis of the two applications, a conceptual framework is created with which to analyse the consumption pattern of applications in their early development phases. This conceptual framework will allow mobile developers to estimate the resource consumption of their applications under different conditions of software architecture and usage scenarios, providing them with information relevant for decision making. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574119216300797 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9471 Author: Karimpour, J., Isazadeh, A. and Izadkhah, H. Year: 2013 Title: Early performance assessment in component-based software systems Journal: IET Software Volume: 7 Issue: 2 Pages: 118-128 Short Title: Early performance assessment in component-based software systems ISSN: 1751-8806 DOI: 10.1049/iet-sen.2011.0143 Abstract: Most techniques used to assess the qualitative characteristics of software are done in testing phase of software development. Assessment of performance in the early software development process is particularly important to risk management. Software architecture, as the first product, plays an important role in the development of the complex software systems. Using software architecture, quality attributes (such as performance, reliability and security) can be evaluated at the early stages of the software development. In this study, the authors present a framework for taking the advantages of architectural description to evaluate software performance. To do so, the authors describe static structure and architectural behaviour of a software system as the sequence diagram and the component diagram of the Unified Modelling Language (UML), respectively; then, the described model is automatically converted into the 'interface automata', which provides the formal foundation for the evaluation. Finally, the evaluation of architectural performance is performed using 'queuing theory'. The proposed framework can help the software architect to choose an appropriate architecture in terms of quality or remind him/her of making necessary changes in the selected architecture. The main difference among the proposed method and other methods is that the proposed method benefits the informal description methods, such as UML, to describe the architecture of software systems; it also enjoys a formal and lightweight language, called 'interface automata' to provide the infrastructure for verification and evaluation. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8483 Author: Zheng, Kai, Vydiswaran, V. G. Vinod, Liu, Yang, Wang, Yue, Stubbs, Amber, Uzuner, Özlem, Gururaj, Anupama E., Bayer, Samuel, Aberdeen, John, Rumshisky, Anna, Pakhomov, Serguei, Liu, Hongfang and Xu, Hua Year: 2015 Title: Ease of adoption of clinical natural language processing software: An evaluation of five systems Journal: Journal of Biomedical Informatics Volume: 58, Supplement Pages: S189-S196 Date: 12// Short Title: Ease of adoption of clinical natural language processing software: An evaluation of five systems ISSN: 1532-0464 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2015.07.008 Keywords: Usability Human–computer interaction User-computer interface [L01.224.900.910] Software design [L01.224.900.820] Software validation [L01.224.900.868] Natural language processing [L01.224.065.580] Abstract: AbstractObjective In recognition of potential barriers that may inhibit the widespread adoption of biomedical software, the 2014 i2b2 Challenge introduced a special track, Track 3 – Software Usability Assessment, in order to develop a better understanding of the adoption issues that might be associated with the state-of-the-art clinical NLP systems. This paper reports the ease of adoption assessment methods we developed for this track, and the results of evaluating five clinical NLP system submissions. Materials and methods A team of human evaluators performed a series of scripted adoptability test tasks with each of the participating systems. The evaluation team consisted of four “expert evaluators” with training in computer science, and eight “end user evaluators” with mixed backgrounds in medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and health informatics. We assessed how easy it is to adopt the submitted systems along the following three dimensions: communication effectiveness (i.e., how effective a system is in communicating its designed objectives to intended audience), effort required to install, and effort required to use. We used a formal software usability testing tool, TURF, to record the evaluators’ interactions with the systems and ‘think-aloud’ data revealing their thought processes when installing and using the systems and when resolving unexpected issues. Results Overall, the ease of adoption ratings that the five systems received are unsatisfactory. Installation of some of the systems proved to be rather difficult, and some systems failed to adequately communicate their designed objectives to intended adopters. Further, the average ratings provided by the end user evaluators on ease of use and ease of interpreting output are −0.35 and −0.53, respectively, indicating that this group of users generally deemed the systems extremely difficult to work with. While the ratings provided by the expert evaluators are higher, 0.6 and 0.45, respectively, these ratings are still low indicating that they also experienced considerable struggles. Discussion The results of the Track 3 evaluation show that the adoptability of the five participating clinical NLP systems has a great margin for improvement. Remedy strategies suggested by the evaluators included (1) more detailed and operation system specific use instructions; (2) provision of more pertinent onscreen feedback for easier diagnosis of problems; (3) including screen walk-throughs in use instructions so users know what to expect and what might have gone wrong; (4) avoiding jargon and acronyms in materials intended for end users; and (5) packaging prerequisites required within software distributions so that prospective adopters of the software do not have to obtain each of the third-party components on their own. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532046415001483 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8778 Author: Jalbert, J., Shevenell, M., Chappel, S., Welsh, R. and Blidberg, R. Year of Conference: 1988 Title: EAVE III-untethered AUV submersible Conference Name: OCEANS '88. A Partnership of Marine Interests. Proceedings Pages: 1259-1264 vol.4 Date: 31 Oct-2 Nov 1988 Short Title: EAVE III-untethered AUV submersible DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.1988.23696 Keywords: automatic guided vehicles computerised control marine systems EAVE III adaptable autonomous testbed automated decision making autonomous underwater vehicle intervehicle communication multivehicle cooperation sensor subsystems software architecture untethered AUV submersible vehicle performance Automatic testing Automotive engineering Decision making Design engineering Laboratories Remotely operated vehicles Sensor phenomena and characterization Sensor systems Systems engineering and theory Underwater vehicles Abstract: The Marine Systems Engineering Laboratory of the University of New Hampshire designed and constructed two untethered AUV (autonomous underwater vehicle) submersibles (referred to as EAVE III) in 1987. These vehicles were designed as testbeds for the investigation and demonstration of several concepts including multivehicle cooperation, intervehicle communication, and automated decision making. These vehicles are designed such that additional sensors and software can be included to augment the system and make it an adaptable autonomous testbed. The authors describe the basic system hardware and software architecture as well as the existing sensor subsystems. They describe results of underwater tests conducted in the fall of 1987 with respect to preliminary sensor and vehicle performance. They also describe plans for future developments and important concept tests of these vehicles Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8394 Author: Shneiderman, Ben and Carroll, John M. Year: 1988 Title: Ecological studies of professional programmers Journal: Commun. ACM Volume: 31 Issue: 11 Pages: 1256-1258 Short Title: Ecological studies of professional programmers ISSN: 0001-0782 DOI: 10.1145/50087.214900 Legal Note: 214900 Abstract: For over two decades, software psychology researchers have been developing insights to software productivity and quality by investigating builders and users of software. This research has been diverse in both its approach and its impacts. It has introduced systematic behavioral measurement into the software development process and into research on new software techniques and technologies, and has also opened up new social and cognitive interpretations of software processes [5, 12]. We now see evidence of a new thrust in software psychology coming to the fore, one in which usability researchers are direct participants in the definition and creation of new software artifacts. We call this paradigm Ecological Design, to emphasize (1) that realistic software situations are being confronted on their own terms, and (2) that the work is directed toward design results, not merely toward evaluation and description in the service of design goals. The reorientation towards studying teamwork was prompted in 1971 by Weinberg and followed by a few researchers at that time, but the movement has accelerated with the recent and intense interest in computer supported collaborative work [15]. This was apparent in the papers presented at the two workshops on Empirical Studies of Programmers [10, 13]. An accompanying shift has also occurred in the software engineering community. The traditional waterfall model of software development with the precise specification of a provable topdown design is giving way to newer exploratory styles of program development that emphasize rapid prototyping and iterative refinement. The shift from product to process also puts greater emphasis on team organization, group processes, management policies, reusability, development tools, design methods, debugging strategies, and maintenance [6]. The three papers in this special section exemplify this new paradigm. Rosson, Maass, and Kellogg and Curtis, Krasner, and Iscoe describe highly qualitative studies of professional designers that produced specific technical proposals for improving software tools and the coordination of project management, an assessment of major bottlenecks, and a new framework for thinking about software design as a learning and communication process. Soloway, Pinto, Letovsky, Littman, and Lampert describe the design and exploration of software documentation that grew out of similarly qualitative studies of program maintenance. We caution that this research paradigm is still in its infancy: setting design requirements and developing prototypes are not traditional activities of psychological researchers. These roles are still emerging, still being reconciled with the earlier paradigms. The particular projects highlighted here are only the beginning; the field continues to evolve, as more researchers are attracted, as more topics are explored, as more methods are developed. Thus, despite the shortcomings of any particular project, the trajectory of this paradigm seems clear to us: it is the development of ideas that directly impact productivity and quality in software. Indeed, part of our intention in presenting this special section is to encourage more and more rapid development of the new paradigm. Notes: several studies, not a single one... Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9269 Author: Tomášek, M. and Trelová, J. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: An e-commerce applications based on the multi-agent system Conference Name: 2012 IEEE 10th International Conference on Emerging eLearning Technologies and Applications (ICETA) Pages: 391-394 Date: 8-9 Nov. 2012 Short Title: An e-commerce applications based on the multi-agent system DOI: 10.1109/ICETA.2012.6418298 Keywords: consumer behaviour distributed processing electronic commerce multi-agent systems software agents software architecture autonomous functional components consumer buying behavior application distributed computational system distributed computational system abstractions e-commerce applications interaction patterns multiagent system Computer architecture Internet Marketing and sales Mobile agents Multiagent systems User interfaces Abstract: In this paper we describe a multi-agent system which implements distributed computational system. The software architecture identifies distributed locations as abstractions of distributed computational system and various software agents as abstractions of different autonomous functional components. The interactions among agents within a system are the most critical for the application. Most common and one of the elementary types of e-commerce applications is consumer buying behavior. We propose a model of a general consumer buying behavior application using general multi-agent system to examine its expressiveness. By identifying specific roles of software agents and designing new specific interaction patterns for them we implement the commercial model. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7960 Author: Clements, Paul C. Year: 2007 Title: An Economic Model for Software Architecture Decisions Conference Name: Proceedings of the First International Workshop on The Economics of Software and Computation Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Pages: 1 DOI: 10.1109/esc.2007.2 Place Published: 1268997 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9448 Author: Clements, P. C. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: An Economic Model for Software Architecture Decisions Conference Name: 2007 First International Workshop on the Economics of Software and Computation Pages: 1-1 Date: 20-26 May 2007 Short Title: An Economic Model for Software Architecture Decisions DOI: 10.1109/ESC.2007.2 Keywords: decision making product development simulation languages software architecture software cost estimation software reusability economic modeling language software product line Application software Assembly Computer architecture Cost function Documentation Software design Software engineering Software testing Abstract: Software architecture is touted as essential for system development, but its benefits are almost never quantified. Further, architects are faced with decisions about architecture (such as deciding when an architecture has outlived its usefulness) that should be answered on an economic basis. This paper presents an simple economic modeling language that has been useful in the realm of software product lines, and argues that a similar language would be equally useful in the realm of architecture decision-making. Notes: economic not interest Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8858 Author: Booch, G. Year: 2007 Title: The Economics of Architecture-First Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 24 Issue: 5 Pages: 18-20 Short Title: The Economics of Architecture-First ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2007.146 Keywords: economics software architecture agile software development process architecture-first approach software life cycle software-intensive system architecture Acceleration Command and control systems Companies Computer architecture Costs Defense industry History Intellectual property Investments Resilience best practices software economics Abstract: Architecture is an artifact that's governed throughout the software life cycle - from conception through development to deployment and finally evolution, then to adaptation, assimilation, replacement, or abandonment. Similarly, the architect, either as an individual, a role, or a team, lovingly crafts, grows, and governs that architecture as it emerges from the thousands of individual design decisions of which it's composed. In this sense, an architecture-first approach appears to be a reflection of sound development practices. Now, strict agilists might counter that an architecture-first approach is undesirable because we should allow a system's architecture to emerge over time. More than just a reflection, however, a software development process that swirls around the growth of a software-intensive system's architecture has considerable material value. Notes: More overall structure and growing of architecture, not focused enough Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9221 Author: Hiwatashi, T. Year of Conference: 1999 Title: EDA Roadmap in Japan Conference Name: Design Automation Conference, 1999. Proceedings of the ASP-DAC '99. Asia and South Pacific Pages: 5 suppl. Date: 18-21 Jan 1999 Short Title: EDA Roadmap in Japan DOI: 10.1109/ASPDAC.1999.760039 Keywords: consumer electronics electronic design automation integrated circuit design large scale integration technological forecasting Cyber-Giga-Chip EDA Roadmap EIAJ Japan To Be solutions algorithm design consumer portable information applications design methodologies design procedure domestic semiconductor industry hardware design physical implementation design product life cycle software design system LSI design time-to-market design style working group Algorithm design and analysis Design engineering Design methodology Electronic design automation and methodology Electronics industry Hardware Humans Time to market Abstract: The system LSI design in the future would be focused on an entire design procedure from algorithm design through physical implementation design. Revolutionary design methodologies are required from various aspects, such as software design accomplished in parallel with hardware design, built-in analog/sensor functionality of human interface and shorter time-to-market design style because of shorter product life cycle. Under the above situation, EDA Technical Committee in EIAJ (Electronic Industries Association of Japan) organized “EDA Vision Working Group” for investigation of desired design methodologies of system LSIs in 2002. Started in September 1996, the working group has completed “EDA Technology Roadmap Toward 2002”. The working group defined targeted system LSIs called “Cyber-Giga-Chip”, which will be widely used in consumer portable information applications, and would be the major products in domestic semiconductor industry. EDA needs and corresponding requirements are studied through detailed interviews with advanced experts of LSI designers as well as EDA engineers. “EDA Technology Roadmap Toward 2002” finally summarizes those EDA requirements into a set of roadmaps which indicates potential To Be solutions needed toward 2002 or beyond. In the session, some essential contents and results in “EDA Technology Roadmap Toward 2002” will be presented, and also successive activities with EDA Roadmap in Japan addressed Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8449 Author: Satish, C. J. and Mahendran, Anand Title: The effect of 3D visualization on mainframe application maintenance: A controlled experiment Journal: Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences Short Title: The effect of 3D visualization on mainframe application maintenance: A controlled experiment ISSN: 1319-1578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2017.03.003 Keywords: Software maintenance Software engineering 3D software visualization Software design extraction Abstract: Code written in 1960’s and 80’s are still being maintained by large software organizations. Such legacy systems play a significant role in supporting various data immense applications in banking, manufacturing, retail marketing, health care domains etc. The software maintenance engineer for such large systems has to undergo not trivial tasks of identifying and understanding relevant parts of system related to the developer/maintainer goals. As these systems were written before the evolution of software engineering principles, there is no standard documentation available for such systems and even best coding practices were not followed during the development of these systems. Hence, maintenance of such systems is a challenging task for young software engineers who need to spend a lot of time in comprehending the system before fixing the errors. The lack of tools that support legacy code comprehension makes the maintenance process to be time consuming and tedious. Our research is focused on understanding the impact of 3D software visualization for change impact analysis tasks on the mainframe during the maintenance phase. To conduct this research we have constructed a 3D visualization tool which generates a three dimensional call graph for a system written in COBOL using non immersive virtual reality (VRML). We have conducted a controlled experiment to test the effectiveness of the tool on subjects performing change impact analysis tasks. Our results show that subjects who used the tool performed more the tasks more accurately and faster than the group that did not use the tool. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319157817300708 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8278 Author: Shihab, Emad, Bird, Christian and Zimmermann, Thomas Year: 2012 Title: The effect of branching strategies on software quality Conference Name: Proceedings of the ACM-IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering and measurement Conference Location: Lund, Sweden Publisher: ACM Pages: 301-310 DOI: 10.1145/2372251.2372305 Place Published: 2372305 Abstract: Branching plays a major role in the development process of large software. Branches provide isolation so that multiple pieces of the software system can be modified in parallel without affecting each other during times of instability. However, branching has its own issues. The need to move code across branches introduces addition-al overhead and branch use can lead to integration failures due to conflicts or unseen dependencies. Although branches are used ex-tensively in commercial and open source development projects, the effects that different branch strategies have on software quality are not yet well understood. In this paper, we present the first empirical study that evaluates and quantifies the relationship between soft-ware quality and various aspects of the branch structure used in a software project. We examine Windows Vista and Windows 7 and compare components that have different branch characteristics to quantify differences in quality. We also examine the effectiveness of two branching strategies -- branching according to the software architecture versus branching according to organizational structure. We find that, indeed, branching does have an effect on software quality and that misalignment of branching structure and organiza-tional structure is associated with higher post-release failure rates. Notes: focus on branching, not behavior research Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9604 Author: Shihab, E., Bird, C. and Zimmermann, T. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: The effect of branching strategies on software quality Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2012 ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement Pages: 301-310 Date: 20-21 Sept. 2012 Short Title: The effect of branching strategies on software quality ISBN: 1949-3770 DOI: 10.1145/2372251.2372305 Keywords: software architecture software quality Windows 7 Windows Vista branching strategy commercial software open source software organizational structure post-release failure rate software development process Computer architecture Entropy Linear regression Measurement Organizations Branching Quality Abstract: Branching plays a major role in the development process of large software. Branches provide isolation so that multiple pieces of the software system can be modified in parallel without affecting each other during times of instability. However, branching has its own issues. The need to move code across branches introduces additional overhead and branch use can lead to integration failures due to conflicts or unseen dependencies. Although branches are used extensively in commercial and open source development projects, the effects that different branch strategies have on software quality are not yet well understood. In this paper, we present the first empirical study that evaluates and quantifies the relationship between software quality and various aspects of the branch structure used in a software project. We examine Windows Vista and Windows 7 and compare components that have different branch characteristics to quantify differences in quality. We also examine the effectiveness of two branching strategies - branching according to the software architecture versus branching according to organizational structure. We find that, indeed, branching does have an effect on software quality and that misalignment of branching structure and organizational structure is associated with higher post-release failure rates. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8766 Author: Kosaka, Takeshi and Hirouchi, Tetsuo Year: 1982 Title: An effective architecture for Decision Support Systems Journal: Information & Management Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Pages: 7-17 Date: // Short Title: An effective architecture for Decision Support Systems ISSN: 0378-7206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7206(82)90014-3 Keywords: Data base Decision Decision making Decision support system DSS Ease of used End user Evolution Learning Management support software Model Problem solving Software architecture Unstructured problem Abstract: Decision Support Systems (DSS) are, by nature, general- purpose systems, because they must support a variety of managers who have different decision styles and different problems. However, it seems that no effective general-purpose DSS have yet come into existence, although the components of DSS such as data base technology, modeling techniques, inexpensive graphic display etc., have progressed to the point where we should now be able to build effective DSS. This shortcoming seems to result from the following fact: Research on decision support has focused on data enlargement and model refinement, however, little attention has been paid to DSS architecture which integrates these components of DSS. It has not been well appreciated that DSS architecture itself facilitates learning about unstructured-problem solving and enables system evolution. In this paper, we propose a DSS architecture based on the study of unstructured-problem solving and considerations of the needs of managers as non-computer specialists. We illustrate this with a system realized using this architecture. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0378720682900143 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9026 Author: Olsen, L. and Mirel, B. Year of Conference: 1997 Title: Effects of project documents on product usability: a study of writing in software projects Conference Name: Proceedings of IPCC 97. Communication Pages: 365-373 Date: 22-25 Oct 1997 Short Title: Effects of project documents on product usability: a study of writing in software projects DOI: 10.1109/IPCC.1997.637065 Keywords: computer science education educational courses human factors professional communication project management social aspects of automation teaching user centred design collaborative courses design course students design practices document analyses expert reviews interdisciplinary approach product usability project documents software design software engineering majors software projects student software technical communications course upper level project course usability usability processes usable products user centered beliefs user centered design user test results writing class Collaborative software Software engineering Software quality Testing Text analysis Writing Abstract: We designed and piloted a technical communications course for software engineering majors offered concurrently with the upper level project course in software design. A third of the design course students jointly enrolled in the writing class. One goal of the collaborative courses was to use writing to improve the quality and usability of students' software. We studied the effects of writing on students' user centered beliefs and design practices and on the usability of their products through surveys, document analyses, expert reviews, and user test results. When possible, we compared the usability processes and products of teams who took and did not take the writing class. Our findings show that the synergy resulting from this interdisciplinary approach effectively sensitized students to user centered design, instilled in them a commitment to it, and helped them develop usable products Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9518 Author: Lai, W. and Huang, X. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: An Efficient Approach for Building Web-based Courseware Conference Name: 2007 First IEEE International Symposium on Information Technologies and Applications in Education Pages: 260-263 Date: 23-25 Nov. 2007 Short Title: An Efficient Approach for Building Web-based Courseware DOI: 10.1109/ISITAE.2007.4409283 Keywords: Internet Web design courseware multimedia computing software architecture user interfaces Web developers Web site Web-based courseware audio-video facilities course designers multimedia system programmers teaching materials Buildings Computer architecture Education Programming profession Service oriented architecture Web page design Web courseware diagram navigation on-line learning user interface Abstract: The courseware development has moved to integrate multimedia into the Internet techniques. We think that the courseware design should not only concern about how to publish teaching materials on the Web and to integrate audio/video facilities, but also focus on other important issues, such as user interfaces and software architecture. In this paper, we present a general architecture for building a courseware Web site, identifying the different roles of system programmers, Web developers, and course designers. We emphasize the user interfaces is the crucial part for a courseware system. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8977 Author: Badesa, F. J., Pinto, M. L., Sabater, J. M., Azorin, J. M., Sofrony, J. and Cardenas, P. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Efficient Collision Algorithm for the 3D Haptic Interaction with Solid Organs in Medical Environments Conference Name: 2009 Second International Conferences on Advances in Computer-Human Interactions Pages: 187-192 Date: 1-7 Feb. 2009 Short Title: Efficient Collision Algorithm for the 3D Haptic Interaction with Solid Organs in Medical Environments DOI: 10.1109/ACHI.2009.20 Keywords: haptic interfaces image reconstruction image segmentation medical image processing ray tracing rendering (computer graphics) software architecture 2D segmentation 3D haptic interaction collision detection algorithm haptic rendering algorithm haptic technology medical environments medical preoperative images medical procedure ray-tracing scheme surface 3D reconstruction surgical procedure Biomedical imaging Pipelines Solids Surface reconstruction Surgery Abstract: Using haptic (the sensing of touch) technology as an interface in medical and surgical procedures is a large interesting goal because of the benefits involved. This work presents a developed tool for evaluating the performance of a classic 2D-3D processing of a stack of medical preoperative images, and a new version of an efficient and simple algorithm for the integration of the haptic sense in a medical 3D environment generated from the 3D reconstruction. First of all, the developed tool for the 2D segmentation and 3D reconstruction is presented. The classical pipeline for surface 3D reconstruction is reviewed under a parametrical point of view. These parameters will play an important role in the analysis of the haptic behavior. Besides, all the parameters of the reconstruction are accessible and can be modified on-line during the reconstruction procedure. Later, the software architecture used for the integration of the haptic devices is described. The haptic rendering algorithm is detailed, including the collision detection algorithm (a simple ray-tracing scheme programmed using VTK capacities) that is used with the medical images. Finally, some results of the evaluation of the behavior of this algorithm are resumed. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9123 Author: Aksyonov, K. A., Bykov, E. A., Smoliy, E. F., Sufrygina, E. M., Sheklein, A., Aksyonova, O. P. and Kai, W. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: Efficient Decision Support with Simulation-Based System BPsim.DSS: Advanced Simulation Techniques Conference Name: 2011 Second International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation Pages: 30-34 Date: 25-27 Jan. 2011 Short Title: Efficient Decision Support with Simulation-Based System BPsim.DSS: Advanced Simulation Techniques ISBN: 2166-0662 DOI: 10.1109/ISMS.2011.15 Keywords: business process re-engineering decision making decision support systems multi-agent systems BPsim.DSS advanced simulation techniques agent coalitions automated assistance business processes multi-agent simulation process definition apparatus resource conversion processes self-developed system simulation-based system Biological system modeling Information systems Object oriented modeling Software Unified modeling language BPsim Simulation agent coalition experiment design software design Abstract: Effective decision support assist greatly in many control and management processes. Many business processes may be easily formalized and simulated, allowing automated assistance in decision making. The paper describes research on current decision support systems with the self-developed system BPsim.DSS, based on multi-agent simulation of resource conversion processes, extended with additional functionality, including agent coalitions consideration, simulation experiment design, and assistance in model design. Process definition apparatus allows such approach to be applied to various kinds of business processes in many spheres of life. Some examples of deployment within different kinds of enterprises are provided, including economical effect estimation. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8042 Author: Kr, Ingolf H., #252, ger, Mathew, Reena and Meisinger, Michael Year: 2006 Title: Efficient exploration of service-oriented architectures using aspects Conference Name: Proceedings of the 28th international conference on Software engineering Conference Location: Shanghai, China Publisher: ACM Pages: 62-71 DOI: 10.1145/1134285.1134296 Place Published: 1134296 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8460 Author: Concha, David, Espadas, Javier, Romero, David and Molina, Arturo Year: 2010 Title: The e-HUB evolution: From a Custom Software Architecture to a Software-as-a-Service implementation Journal: Computers in Industry Volume: 61 Issue: 2 Pages: 145-151 Date: 2// Short Title: The e-HUB evolution: From a Custom Software Architecture to a Software-as-a-Service implementation ISSN: 0166-3615 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2009.10.010 Keywords: e-HUB e-Services Enterprise integration Software architecture Software-as-a-Service Abstract: New technological advances have enabled the creation of distributed collaborative industrial networks giving origin to new collaborative e-business models such as the Virtual Organisation (VO). These industrial networks require new Information and Communication Technologies Infrastructures (ICT-I) playing the intermediary role as the enablers of interoperation among their participant organisations. Furthermore, these networks require coordination and cooperation mechanism among its members which in turn can be supported through specific vertical applications deployed over a common platform. PyME CREATIVA was a project defined with the aim of playing the role of a service provider of an open technological platform named the e-HUB, providing a set of collaborative electronic solutions named the e-services, to support collaborative business processes among Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Till today, the e-HUB platform has proved to be a complete IT architecture able to satisfy SMEs technological requirements to get involved in collaborative business opportunities, nevertheless with the technology progress new opportunities appear to improve the way these e-services are delivered to the SMEs. This paper provides an insight into the benefits and implications of evolving the e-HUB architecture into new one based-on Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) premises. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166361509002036 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8413 Author: Tanković, Nikola, Galinac Grbac, Tihana and Žagar, Mario Year: 2017 Title: ElaClo: A framework for optimizing software application topology in the cloud environment Journal: Expert Systems with Applications Volume: 90 Pages: 62-86 Date: 12/30/ Short Title: ElaClo: A framework for optimizing software application topology in the cloud environment ISSN: 0957-4174 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2017.07.001 Keywords: Software architecture Cloud computing Service-oriented computing Application topology Service deployment Evolutionary optimization Abstract: Application architectures in the cloud employ elastic components, and achieve lower operating costs without sacrificing quality. Software architects strive to provide efficient services by deciding on software topology: a set of structural architectural decisions. For a given application, there can be numerous software topology alternatives creating the need for automated optimization methods. Current optimization approaches rely on experts providing application performance models built upfront, based on their experience and the requirements provided. While such techniques are effective and valuable, they require additional maintenance effort as the software evolves. This paper introduces ElaClo, a framework for optimizing application topologies in a cloud environment. ElaClo’s main contribution is in providing optimization in the software assembly phase from automatically extracted application models. ElaClo provides workload generation, monitoring, topology management, elasticity mechanisms, and algorithms to support the optimization process. We have implemented ElaClo as an expert tool and evaluated it on a real-life cloud application from the retailing business domain. ElaClo was used to select optimal topologies with regards to service response time objectives and infrastructure costs. The efficiency of the optimization process and the quality of optimization results were validated quantitatively on a set of optimization runs. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested framework in yielding optimal topologies. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417417304700 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8517 Author: Kuklo, Cezary Year: 2000 Title: Elderly women in the cities of central europe in the eighteenth century Journal: The History of the Family Volume: 5 Issue: 4 Pages: 451-471 Date: 11// Short Title: Elderly women in the cities of central europe in the eighteenth century ISSN: 1081-602X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1081-602X(00)00055-5 Abstract: This study examines the elderly during the age of late feudalism in urban areas of Central Europe. Based on 1791 censuses carried out in six Polish towns (diversified both in size and functions), the author determines the population of older people by gender, marital status, and family position. The article also highlights the economic role of older women in the pre-industrial town. Calculations have been performed using software designed to process mass source data (e.g., censuses or birth, marriage, and death registers). URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1081602X00000555 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8698 Author: Hapiot, J. C., Pradel, G. and Grandpierre, M. Year: 1989 Title: Electrical Machines Command Automation and Associated Expert Software Journal: IFAC Proceedings Volumes Volume: 22 Issue: 6 Pages: 529-536 Date: 7// Short Title: Electrical Machines Command Automation and Associated Expert Software ISSN: 1474-6670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)54432-8 Keywords: electric drives power converters power system control computer interfaces artificial intelligence control system synthesis Abstract: This paper presents an Electrical Machines Command Automaton (E.M.C.A.) powered by a static converter and its associated expert software designed to help In application programming and development. The E.M.C.A. hardware and its use with the three main types of electric wheeling machines (D.C., synchronous and induction) are first presented. The associated expert software takes two approaches into account. The first one is built upon a dedicated control language which allows the user to test simple control laws. However, taking into account its low power and the safety of the static converter-machine set, another approach has been selected. This second approach transfers the knowledge used to develop a control law to the software. A model putting forward the knowledge used at the different levels of an electrical machine command unit is proposed. An expert system exploits the knowledge represented by means of frames and production rules. The frames stands for both the hardware of the E.M.C.A. and the assertional knowledge of the domain while production rules carry the operating knowledge about their use in a control law. The ultimate target of the current studies is to design and program an expert system for electrical machine applications URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017544328 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 8697 Author: Hapiot, J. C., Pradel, G. and Grandpierre, M. Year: 1990 Title: ELECTRICAL MACHINES COMMAND AUTOMATION AND ASSOCIATED EXPERT SOFTWARE A2 - HUSSON, R Book Title: Advanced Information Processing in Automatic Control (AIPAC '89) Place Published: Oxford Publisher: Pergamon Pages: 529-536 Short Title: ELECTRICAL MACHINES COMMAND AUTOMATION AND ASSOCIATED EXPERT SOFTWARE A2 - HUSSON, R ISBN: 978-0-08-037034-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-037034-7.50096-1 Abstract: Abstract This paper presents an Electrical Machines Command Automaton (E.M.C.A.) powered by a static converter and its associated expert software designed to help in application programming and development. The E.M.C.A. hardware and its use with the three main types of electric wheeling machines (D.C., synchronous and induction) are first presented. The associated expert software takes two approaches into account. The first one is built upon a dedicated control language which allows the user to test simple control laws. However, taking into account its low power and the safety of the static converter-machine set, another approach has been selected. This second approach transfers the knowledge used to develop a control law to the software. A model putting forward the knowledge used at the different levels of an electrical machine command unit is proposed. An expert system exploits the knowledge represented by means of frames and production rules. The frames stands for both the hardware of the E.M.C.A. and the assertional knowledge of the domain while production rules carry the operating knowledge about their use in a control law. The ultimate target of the current studies is to design and program an expert system for electrical machine applications. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080370347500961 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8153 Author: Ehresman, Kenneth L. and Frantzen, Joey L. Year: 2001 Title: Electronic maneuvering board and dead reckoning tracer decision aid for the officer of the deck Journal: Ada Lett. Volume: XXI Issue: 4 Pages: 61-70 Short Title: Electronic maneuvering board and dead reckoning tracer decision aid for the officer of the deck ISSN: 1094-3641 DOI: 10.1145/507546.507588 Legal Note: 507588 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8154 Author: Ehresman, Kenneth L. and Frantzen, Joey L. Year: 2001 Title: Electronic maneuvering board and dead reckoning tracer decision aid for the officer of the deck Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2001 annual ACM SIGAda international conference on Ada Conference Location: Bloomington, MN Publisher: ACM Pages: 61-70 DOI: 10.1145/507574.507588 Place Published: 507588 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9619 Author: Simons, C. L. and Parmee, I. C. Year: 2012 Title: Elegant Object-Oriented Software Design via Interactive, Evolutionary Computation Journal: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews) Volume: 42 Issue: 6 Pages: 1797-1805 Short Title: Elegant Object-Oriented Software Design via Interactive, Evolutionary Computation ISSN: 1094-6977 DOI: 10.1109/TSMCC.2012.2225103 Keywords: evolutionary computation object-oriented programming software engineering design element distribution evenness assessment elegance measure elegant object-oriented software design interactive evolutionary computation machine-based function object-oriented software design visualization quantitative fitness function reproductive fitness software development subjective elegance assessment subjective evaluation symmetrical elegance symmetry Design methodology Software design Software measurement Elegance interactive evolutionary computation (IEC) Abstract: Design is fundamental to software development but can be demanding to perform. Thus, to assist the software designer, evolutionary computing is being increasingly applied using machine-based, quantitative fitness functions to evolve software designs. However, in nature, elegance and symmetry play a crucial role in the reproductive fitness of various organisms. In addition, subjective evaluation has also been exploited in interactive evolutionary computation (IEC). Therefore, to investigate the role of elegance and symmetry in software design, four novel elegance measures are proposed which are based on the evenness of distribution of design elements. In controlled experiments in a dynamic IEC environment, designers are presented with visualizations of object-oriented software designs, which they rank according to a subjective assessment of elegance. For three out of the four elegance measures proposed, it is found that a significant correlation exists between elegance values and reward elicited. These three elegance measures assess the evenness of distribution of 1) attributes and methods among classes; 2) external couples between classes; and 3) the ratio of attributes to methods. It is concluded that symmetrical elegance is in some way significant in software design, and that this can be exploited in dynamic, multiobjective IEC to produce elegant software designs. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8228 Author: Ributzka, Juergen, Hayashi, Yuhei, Manzano, Joseph B. and Gao, Guang R. Year: 2011 Title: The elephant and the mice: the role of non-strict fine-grain synchronization for modern many-core architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the international conference on Supercomputing Conference Location: Tucson, Arizona, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 338-347 DOI: 10.1145/1995896.1995948 Place Published: 1995948 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8973 Year of Conference: 1992 Title: Eleventh Annual International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communications (Cat. No.92CH3129-4) Conference Name: Eleventh Annual International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communication [1992 Conference Proceedings] Pages: VII Date: 1-3 April 1992 Short Title: Eleventh Annual International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communications (Cat. No.92CH3129-4) DOI: 10.1109/PCCC.1992.200506 Keywords: computer architecture computer networks database management systems expert systems hypercube networks image processing open systems operating systems (computers) performance evaluation CAD/CAM advanced architectures artificial intelligent communications theory connection and interconnection database systems expert system fault tolerance hypercubes modulation networking systems object-oriented databases operating systems performance analysis programming languages real-time computations reconfiguration reliability satellite communication software design spread spectrum topology traffic control Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: hypercubes; performance analysis and modeling: advanced architectures; operating systems design; database systems design; object-oriented databases; spread spectrum; modulation; communications theory; connection and interconnection; topology and traffic control CAD/CAM and image processing; expert system design; real-time computations; reliability and fault tolerance; reconfiguration; software design; programming languages and compilers: satellite communication; networking systems; open systems and artificial intelligent and applications. Abstracts of individual papers can be found under the relevant classification codes in this or other issues Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9264 Author: Sheng, Lu, Xiao-Li, Cao, Zhong-Jian, Cai, Gao-Rong, Zeng and Tan, Liu Year of Conference: 2007 Title: An embedded CPU based automatic ranging system for vehicles Conference Name: 2007 Mediterranean Conference on Control & Automation Pages: 1-5 Date: 27-29 June 2007 Short Title: An embedded CPU based automatic ranging system for vehicles DOI: 10.1109/MED.2007.4433700 Keywords: automotive engineering embedded systems road vehicles SCM based ranging system decision making embedded CPU based automatic ranging system optical-mechanical-electrical automatic ranging system risk estimation single chip Micyoco vehicles Computer architecture Data processing Embedded system Hardware Optical design Paper technology Real time systems Software architecture Abstract: Based on the structure and theory of optical-mechanical-electrical automatic ranging system of vehicles, paper has a discussion and research of the architecture and design of auto ranging system with risk estimation and decision making basing on embedded CPU. The solution of embedded system has got a good real-time performance and it can promote the data processing capability of the system. Paper mainly introduces the defects of SCM (single chip Micyoco) based ranging system and the hardware architecture, software architecture and some other key technology of the embedded system based ranging system, etc. It also introduces the solution of using two lidars light detection and ranging method. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8214 Author: #201 and Cota, rika Year: 2010 Title: Embedded software testing: what kind of problem is this? Conference Name: Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference Location: Dresden, Germany Publisher: European Design and Automation Association Pages: 1486-1486 Place Published: 1871283 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9334 Author: Antonino, P. O., Morgenstern, A. and Kuhn, T. Year: 2016 Title: Embedded-Software Architects: It's Not Only about the Software Journal: IEEE Software Volume: 33 Issue: 6 Pages: 56-62 Short Title: Embedded-Software Architects: It's Not Only about the Software ISSN: 0740-7459 DOI: 10.1109/MS.2016.142 Keywords: embedded systems personnel software architecture software development management electromechanical devices embedded software architects embedded systems development Computational modeling Computer architecture domain-specific architectures integration and modeling real-time and embedded systems software architect software development software engineering system architecture Abstract: Owing to the increasing amount of computation in electromechanical devices, the role of software architect is often found in embedded-systems development. However, because computer scientists usually have limited knowledge of embedded-systems concepts such as controllers, actuators, and buses, embedded-software architects are often engineers with no education in software architecture basics, which is normally a topic in computer science courses. In these environments, serious architectural problems can occur, such as contradictory architecture decisions and inconsistencies between the architecture design and the architecture drivers. This article discusses the current profile of embedded-software architects, characteristics of embedded architectures designed by architects with no computer science background, and the shortcomings of architects whose knowledge is limited to information systems. The authors also discuss how to overcome these challenges. Notes: focused on embedded software Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9338 Author: Bril, R. J., Postma, A. and Krikhaar, R. L. Year of Conference: 2003 Title: Embedding architectural support in industry Conference Name: International Conference on Software Maintenance, 2003. ICSM 2003. Proceedings. Pages: 348-357 Date: 22-26 Sept. 2003 Short Title: Embedding architectural support in industry ISBN: 1063-6773 DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2003.1235442 Keywords: industries program verification software architecture software development management software maintenance software tools systems analysis architectural maintenance architectural support commercial-off-the-shelf industrial computing professional systems software development software recovery software verification software visualization Biomedical imaging Business communication Consumer electronics Context Humans Medical control systems Programming Visualization Abstract: Software architecture plays a vital role in the development (and hence maintenance) of large complex systems with a long lifetime. It is therefore required that the software architecture is also maintained, i.e. sufficiently documented, clearly communicated, and explicitly controlled. In our experience, these requirements cannot be met without appropriate support. Commercial-off-the-shelf support for architectural maintenance is still scarcely available, if at all, implying the need to develop appropriate proprietary means. In this paper, we briefly report upon an overall approach taken within three organizations within Philips that develop professional systems. We extensively describe the experience gained with the embedding of architectural support in these three organizations. We focus on architectural support in the area of software architecture recovery, visualization, analysis, and verification. In our experience, the support must be carried by a number of elements of software development, and all of these elements have to go through a change process to ensure sustainable embedding. We distinguish four of these elements, i.e. process, organization, software development environment, and humans, and present our experience in terms of those elements. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://3976104186/Embedding architectural support in industry.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9582 Author: Liao, Minghong, Guo, FuShun, Cheng, TuiAn and Zhang, XueHai Year of Conference: 1993 Title: Embedding the production system in C language Conference Name: TENCON '93. Proceedings. Computer, Communication, Control and Power Engineering.1993 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Volume: 1 Pages: 378-381 vol.1 Date: 19-21 Oct. 1993 Short Title: Embedding the production system in C language DOI: 10.1109/TENCON.1993.320006 Keywords: C language inference mechanisms knowledge based systems knowledge representation PSC expert systems general purpose language inference knowledge processing menu knowledge-based systems ops5 production system software design Algorithm design and analysis Artificial intelligence Control systems Databases Filters Large-scale systems Production systems Abstract: Production systems, such as ops5, have been widely used in menu knowledge-based systems and expert systems. With the development of large scale knowledge-based systems and more sophisticated expert systems, the processing ability of production systems has become a bottleneck. C is a general purpose language, it is used in many fields of software design. But C hasn't the components to represent knowledge and perform inference; it is not quite suitable for knowledge processing. We embed production systems in C, and design a new version of C (PSC). This makes use of the advantages of C and production systems. The design and implementation of PSC are discussed.<> Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8530 Author: Pira, Einollah, Rafe, Vahid and Nikanjam, Amin Year: 2016 Title: EMCDM: Efficient model checking by data mining for verification of complex software systems specified through architectural styles Journal: Applied Soft Computing Volume: 49 Pages: 1185-1201 Date: 12// Short Title: EMCDM: Efficient model checking by data mining for verification of complex software systems specified through architectural styles ISSN: 1568-4946 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2016.06.039 Keywords: Architectural styles Model checking State space explosion Graph transformation system Data mining Abstract: Software architectural style is one of the best concepts to define a family of related architectures and their common properties. Despite the essential role of software architectures in the software engineering practice, the lack of formal description and analysis may hamper the quality of designed models. Hence, using proper formal languages seems necessary for architectural style description. In this case, it is possible to use model checking to verify the designed models automatically. However, the model checking of complex software systems suffers from the state space explosion problem. To handle this problem, data mining techniques may contribute to obtain the required knowledge for intelligent model checking i.e. searching only a portion of the state space. In this paper, to check the model of complex software systems which are designed according to an architectural style, an efficient approach is proposed using data mining techniques. These software systems must be specified through architectural styles and modeled by Graph Transformation Systems (GTS) formally. In the proposed approach, to check a large model based on a specific style intelligently, a specific knowledge is required. Such knowledge is acquired from mining the data of checking a smaller model consistent with the same style. These smaller models can be designed either by the designers or can be automatically generated consistent with the style. The proposed solution can be used to verify the reachability property and to refute the safety and liveness properties. This solution is implemented in GROOVE, a toolset for designing and model checking of graph transformation systems. The experimental results show that our method is faster and more accurate in comparison with the existing techniques in model checking of complex software systems. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568494616303192 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8506 Author: Turos, Laszlo, Csernáth, Géza and Szekely, Iuliu Year: 2015 Title: EMI Reduction Techniques in Digitally Controllable Power Supplies Journal: Procedia Technology Volume: 19 Pages: 554-561 Date: // Short Title: EMI Reduction Techniques in Digitally Controllable Power Supplies ISSN: 2212-0173 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2015.02.079 Keywords: PSU EMI EMC Buck-Boost MCU Spread Frequency Modulation Slew Rate embedded system. Abstract: The paper presents EMI reduction techniques in analog and digital power supplies, highlighting the role of each technique apart. There are also detailed some useful hardware and software design techniques in order to reduce or attenuate the EMI. Passive techniques focus on reducing the EMI level by filtering, shielding and proper PCB layout of the power components. Active techniques focus on modifying the PWM control signal shape in order to reduce EMI or spread the energy of the signal on wide frequency range. The paper also presents an implementation method of the spread frequency modulation on a low cost RISC MCU unit. The paper describes the mathematical and simulated relationship between a non-ideal PWM signal's main parameters and the spectral content of the signal. The experimental results are obtained by measurements performed on a multistage buck-boost converter, which uses two converters working in parallel and in phase-shift of 180° developed by the authors. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212017315000808 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8203 Author: Clay, Alexis, Couture, Nadine and Nigay, Laurence Year: 2010 Title: eMotion: un outil pour personnaliser la reconnaissance d'émotions Conference Name: Proceedings of the Ergonomie et Informatique Avancee Conference Conference Location: Biarritz, France Publisher: ACM Pages: 59-66 DOI: 10.1145/1868650.1868660 Place Published: 1868660 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9204 Author: Dilip, Soni, Nord, R. L. and Liang, Hsu Year of Conference: 1993 Title: An empirical approach to software architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of 1993 IEEE 7th International Workshop on Software Specification and Design Pages: 47-51 Date: 6-7 Dec 1993 Short Title: An empirical approach to software architectures DOI: 10.1109/IWSSD.1993.315515 Keywords: professional aspects software engineering architectural properties description languages empirical approach practical results pragmatic role productivity quality research community software architectures software development activities software engineering research community verification Buildings Computer architecture Control systems Instruments Programming Quality management Software architecture Software safety Taxonomy Technology management Abstract: The research community in the emerging area of software architecture has developed little consensus over the definition of architecture except that architecture is related to the structure of a system and the interaction among its components. Current efforts of building models of architecture have focused on taxonomy, description languages, and verification of architectural properties. What is missing is the focus on the pragmatic role of architecture in software development activities. We describe the state of the practice and the problems faced by architects and engineers. The challenge for the software engineering research community is to address these problems and produce scalable, practical results that will have a real impact on the developers, improving their productivity and the quality of systems they build. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7964 Author: Soni, Dilip, Nord, Robert L. and Hsu, Liang Year: 1993 Title: An empirical approach to software architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the 7th international workshop on Software specification and design Conference Location: Redondo Beach, California Publisher: IEEE Computer Society Press Pages: 47-51 Place Published: 951816 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7883 Author: Dayanandan, Udaya and Vivekanandan, K. Year: 2016 Title: An Empirical Evaluation model for Software Architecture Maintainability for Object oriented Design Conference Name: Proceedings of the International Conference on Informatics and Analytics Conference Location: Pondicherry, India Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2980258.2980459 Place Published: 2980459 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8634 Author: Tofan, Dan, Galster, Matthias, Lytra, Ioanna, Avgeriou, Paris, Zdun, Uwe, Fouche, Mark-Anthony, de Boer, Remco and Solms, Fritz Year: 2016 Title: Empirical evaluation of a process to increase consensus in group architectural decision making Journal: Information and Software Technology Volume: 72 Pages: 31-47 Date: 4// Short Title: Empirical evaluation of a process to increase consensus in group architectural decision making ISSN: 0950-5849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2015.12.002 Keywords: Software architecture Group architecture decisions Decision making Abstract: AbstractContext Many software architectural decisions are group decisions rather than decisions made by individuals. Consensus in a group of decision makers increases the acceptance of a decision among decision makers and their confidence in that decision. Furthermore, going through the process of reaching consensus means that decision makers understand better the decision (including the decision topic, decision options, rationales, and potential outcomes). Little guidance exists on how to increase consensus in group architectural decision making. Objective We evaluate how a newly proposed process (named GADGET) helps architects increase consensus when making group architectural decisions. Specifically, we investigate how well GADGET increases consensus in group architectural decision making, by understanding its practical applicability, and by comparing GADGET against group architectural decision making without using any prescribed approach. Method We conducted two empirical studies. First, we conducted an exploratory case study to understand the practical applicability of GADGET in industry. We investigated whether there is a need to increase consensus, the effort and benefits of GADGET, and potential improvements for GADGET. Second, we conducted an experiment with 113 students from three universities to compare GADGET against group architectural decision making without using any prescribed approach. Results GADGET helps decision makers increase their consensus, captures knowledge on architectural decisions, clarifies the different points of view of different decision makers on the decision, and increases the focus of the group discussions about a decision. From the experiment, we obtained causal evidence that GADGET increases consensus better than group architectural decision making without using any prescribed approach. Conclusions There is a need to increase consensus in group architectural decisions. GADGET helps inexperienced architects increase consensus in group architectural decision making, and provides additional benefits, such as capturing rationale of decisions. Future work is needed to understand and improve other aspects of group architectural decision making. Notes: students URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584915002049 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8273 Author: Stevanetic, Srdjan, Javed, Muhammad Atif and Zdun, Uwe Year: 2014 Title: Empirical evaluation of the understandability of architectural component diagrams Conference Name: Proceedings of the WICSA 2014 Companion Volume Conference Location: Sydney, Australia Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-8 DOI: 10.1145/2578128.2578230 Place Published: 2578230 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8541 Author: Christensen, Henrik Bærbak and Hansen, Klaus Marius Year: 2010 Title: An empirical investigation of architectural prototyping Journal: Journal of Systems and Software Volume: 83 Issue: 1 Pages: 133-142 Date: 1// Short Title: An empirical investigation of architectural prototyping ISSN: 0164-1212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2009.07.049 Keywords: Software architecture Architectural prototyping Architectural analysis Architectural evaluation Empirical software architecture Abstract: Architectural prototyping is the process of using executable code to investigate stakeholders’ software architecture concerns with respect to a system under development. Previous work has established this as a useful and cost-effective way of exploration and learning of the design space of a system and in addressing issues regarding quality attributes, architectural risks, and the problem of knowledge transfer and conformance. However, the actual industrial use of architectural prototyping has not been thoroughly researched so far. In this article, we report from three studies of architectural prototyping in practice. First, we report findings from an ethnographic study of practicing software architects. Secondly, we report from a focus group on architectural prototyping involving architects from four companies. And, thirdly, we report from a survey study of 20 practicing software architects and software developers. Our findings indicate that architectural prototyping plays an important and frequent role in resolving problems experimentally, but less so in exploring alternative solutions. Furthermore, architectural prototypes include end-user or business related functionality rather than purely architectural functionality. Based on these observations we provide recommendations for effective industrial architectural prototyping. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0164121209001903 'File' Attachments: internal-pdf://2575378885/An empirical investigation of architectural pr.pdf Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8301 Author: Reed, David, Miller, Craig and Braught, Grant Year: 2000 Title: Empirical investigation throughout the CS curriculum Journal: SIGCSE Bull. Volume: 32 Issue: 1 Pages: 202-206 Short Title: Empirical investigation throughout the CS curriculum ISSN: 0097-8418 DOI: 10.1145/331795.331855 Legal Note: 331855 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8302 Author: Reed, David, Miller, Craig and Braught, Grant Year: 2000 Title: Empirical investigation throughout the CS curriculum Conference Name: Proceedings of the thirty-first SIGCSE technical symposium on Computer science education Conference Location: Austin, Texas, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 202-206 DOI: 10.1145/330908.331855 Place Published: 331855 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9046 Author: Astudillo, H., Valdés, G. and Becerra, C. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Empirical Measurement of Automated Recovery of Design Decisions and Structure Conference Name: 2012 VI Andean Region International Conference Pages: 105-108 Date: 7-9 Nov. 2012 Short Title: Empirical Measurement of Automated Recovery of Design Decisions and Structure DOI: 10.1109/Andescon.2012.33 Keywords: software architecture system recovery Toeska rationale extraction design anecdotic evidence architecture structure recovery automated recovery design decision experimental design manual TREx tool-supported TREx Computer architecture Data mining Instruments Measurement Software Training software desig Abstract: Several notations and techniques have been proposed to capture and represent software architecture decisions and structures. Previous work has suggested that using automated techniques to recover decisions and structures from whichever project artifacts are actually kept may be a reasonable solution, but empirical evaluations of this claim are scarce. This article describes: (1) the TREx design decision and architecture structure recovery technique and tool, (2) precision and recall measures of recovery effectiveness for system structure, and (3) an experimental design to evaluate design decision and structure recovery approaches. An initial experimental evaluation of manual versus tool-supported TREx shows that using the tool increases recall, but yield mixed results on precision: decrease structure recovery precision, but increase decision recovery. Also anecdotic evidence suggest that only Experts were systematically better in recovering decisions without tool-support. A replicable experimental package has been published. Notes: tool for ADDs Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7617 Author: Galster, M. and Weyns, D. Year of Conference: 2016 Title: Empirical Research in Software Architecture: How Far have We Come? Conference Name: 2016 13th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA) Pages: 11-20 Date: 5-8 April 2016 Short Title: Empirical Research in Software Architecture: How Far have We Come? DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2016.10 Keywords: software architecture empirical research systematic mapping method state-of-practice Abstract: Context: Empirical research helps gain well-founded insights about phenomena. Furthermore, empirical research creates evidence for the validity of research results. Objective: We aim at assessing the state-of-practice of empirical research in software architecture. Method: We conducted a comprehensive survey based on the systematic mapping method. We included all full technical research papers published at major software architecture conferences between 1999 and 2015. Results: 17% of papers report empirical work. The number of empirical studies in software architecture has started to increase in 2005. Looking at the number of papers, empirical studies are about equally frequently used to a) evaluate newly proposed approaches and b) to explore and describe phenomena to better understand software architecture practice. Case studies and experiments are the most frequently used empirical methods. Almost half of empirical studies involve human participants. The majority of these studies involve professionals rather than students. Conclusions: Our findings are meant to stimulate researchers in the community to think about their expectations and standards of empirical research. Our results indicate that software architecture has become a more mature domain with regards to applying empirical research. However, we also found issues in research practices that could be improved (e.g., when describing study objectives and acknowledging limitations). Notes: Literature review Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8721 Author: Dersten, Sara, Axelsson, Jakob and Fröberg, Joakim Year: 2012 Title: An empirical study of refactoring decisions in embedded software and systems Journal: Procedia Computer Science Volume: 8 Pages: 279-284 Date: // Short Title: An empirical study of refactoring decisions in embedded software and systems ISSN: 1877-0509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2012.01.058 Keywords: System refactoring system evolution system architecture software architecture decision-making empirical study Abstract: This paper describes an empirical study of decision-making when changing the architecture in embedded systems. A refactoring of the system architecture often gives effects on both system properties and functions in the company organization, and there is a lack of efficient analysis methods for decision support in the system architecture process. This study investigates the information needed to make a decision about a system refactoring. Scenario-based interviews have been conducted with managers and system architects from companies developing embedded systems. The results show that the companies investigate similar issues regardless of their industry sector. The most wanted information prior to a decision is also presented. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050912000592 Reference Type: Book Section Record Number: 7850 Author: Dasanayake, Sandun, Markkula, Jouni, Aaramaa, Sanja and Oivo, Markku Year: 2016 Title: An Empirical Study on Collaborative Architecture Decision Making in Software Teams Editor: Tekinerdogan, Bedir, Zdun, Uwe and Babar, Ali Book Title: Software Architecture: 10th European Conference, ECSA 2016, Copenhagen, Denmark, November 28 -- December 2, 2016, Proceedings Place Published: Cham Publisher: Springer International Publishing Pages: 238-246 Short Title: An Empirical Study on Collaborative Architecture Decision Making in Software Teams ISBN: 978-3-319-48992-6 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48992-6_18 Label: Dasanayake2016 Abstract: Architecture decision making is considered one of the most challenging cognitive tasks in software development. The objective of this study is to explore the state of the practice of architecture decision making in software teams, including the role of the architect and the associated challenges. An exploratory case study was conducted in a large software company in Europe and fifteen software architects were interviewed as the primary method of data collection. The results reveal that the majority of software teams make architecture decisions collaboratively. Especially, the consultative decision-making style is preferred as it helps to make decisions efficiently while taking the opinions of the team members into consideration. It is observed that most of the software architects maintain a close relationship with the software teams. Several organisational, process and human related challenges and their impact on architecture decision-making are also identified. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48992-6_18 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7885 Author: Galster, Matthias and Avgeriou, Paris Year: 2011 Title: Empirically-grounded reference architectures: a proposal Conference Name: Proceedings of the joint ACM SIGSOFT conference -- QoSA and ACM SIGSOFT symposium -- ISARCS on Quality of software architectures -- QoSA and architecting critical systems -- ISARCS Conference Location: Boulder, Colorado, USA Publisher: ACM Pages: 153-158 DOI: 10.1145/2000259.2000285 Place Published: 2000285 Abstract: A reference architecture describes core elements of the software architecture for systems that stem from the same domain. A reference architecture ensures interoperability of systems through standardization. It also facilitates the instantiation of new concrete architectures. However, we currently lack procedures for systematically designing reference architectures that are empirically-grounded. Being empirically-grounded would increase the validity and reusability of a reference architecture. We therefore present an approach which helps systematically design reference architectures. Our approach consists of six steps performed by the software architect and domain experts. It helps design reference architectures either from scratch, or based on existing architecture artifacts. We also illustrate how our approach could be applied to the design of two existing reference architectures found in literature. Notes: Reference architecture design Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9593 Author: Arsanjani, A. Year: 2005 Title: Empowering the business analyst for on demand computing Journal: IBM Systems Journal Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Pages: 67-80 Short Title: Empowering the business analyst for on demand computing ISSN: 0018-8670 DOI: 10.1147/sj.441.0067 Abstract: The tools, methods, and techniques used to create business architecture are often quite different from those used in developing software architecture. This “impedance mismatch” or gap is aggravated by volatile business requirements that need to be satisfied in operational systems. Bridging this gap not only allows a more seamless transition and faster time to market, but also enables and empowers business analysts to contribute their deep subject matter expertise at many phases of the software-development life cycle, a critical aid in fruitful application development. This paper presents a case study of a project with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), which explored the potential for reducing duplication of effort among patent offices by sharing work products. IBM provided an innovative method to support the analysis, the “business compiler,” a tool that implements Grammar-oriented Object Design (GOOD). GOOD is a method for creating and maintaining dynamically reconfigurable software architectures driven by business-process architectures. The business compiler was used to capture business processes within real-time workshops for various lines of business and create an executable simulation of the processes used. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8040 Author: Dick, Holger, Eden, Hal, Fischer, Gerhard and Zietz, Jason Year: 2012 Title: Empowering users to become designers: using meta-design environments to enable and motivate sustainable energy decisions Conference Name: Proceedings of the 12th Participatory Design Conference: Exploratory Papers, Workshop Descriptions, Industry Cases - Volume 2 Conference Location: Roskilde, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 49-52 DOI: 10.1145/2348144.2348160 Place Published: 2348160 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8365 Author: Mehandjiev, Nikolay and Angeli, Antonella De Year: 2012 Title: End user mashups: analytical framework Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Adaptive Services for the Future Internet and 6th International Workshop on Web APIs and Service Mashups Conference Location: Bertinoro, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 36-39 DOI: 10.1145/2377836.2377845 Place Published: 2377845 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 9610 Author: Miller, A. Year: 1989 Title: Engineering design: its importance for software Journal: IEEE Potentials Volume: 8 Issue: 2 Pages: 14-16 Short Title: Engineering design: its importance for software ISSN: 0278-6648 DOI: 10.1109/45.31589 Keywords: software engineering maintenance reliability software design methodology software development software quality software reuse structure charts testing Costs Design engineering Design methodology Programming Robotic assembly Software packages Text analysis Writing Abstract: The importance of having a software design methodology is discussed. Its role in software reuse and in promoting software quality and reliability is examined. The waterfall model of software development, which allows a natural progression of steps to be followed during the course of a project, and the use of structure charts are described. Software testing and maintenance are briefly considered.<> Notes: bit too old - Waterfall? Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8049 Author: Kramer, Jeff and Magee, Jeff Year: 2005 Title: Engineering distributed software: a structural discipline Conference Name: Proceedings of the 10th European software engineering conference held jointly with 13th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering Conference Location: Lisbon, Portugal Publisher: ACM Pages: 283-285 DOI: 10.1145/1095430.1081709 Place Published: 1081709 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7958 Author: Daneva, Maya, Marczak, Sabrina and Herrmann, Andrea Year: 2014 Title: Engineering of quality requirements as perceived by near-shore development centers' architects in eastern Europe: the hole in the whole Conference Name: Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement Conference Location: Torino, Italy Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-10 DOI: 10.1145/2652524.2652534 Place Published: 2652534 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8182 Author: Schaefer, Christoph A., Pankratius, Victor and Tichy, Walter F. Year: 2010 Title: Engineering parallel applications with tunable architectures Conference Name: Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering - Volume 1 Conference Location: Cape Town, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 405-414 DOI: 10.1145/1806799.1806859 Place Published: 1806859 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9100 Author: Schaefer, C. A., Pankratius, V. and Tichy, W. F. Year of Conference: 2010 Title: Engineering parallel applications with tunable architectures Conference Name: 2010 ACM/IEEE 32nd International Conference on Software Engineering Volume: 1 Pages: 405-414 Date: 2-8 May 2010 Short Title: Engineering parallel applications with tunable architectures ISBN: 0270-5257 DOI: 10.1145/1806799.1806859 Keywords: multiprocessing systems parallel programming software architecture architecture description language architecture tuning multicore computers parallel programs software developers tunable architectures Computer architecture Connectors Indexing Parallel processing Pipelines Software Tuning Abstract: Current multicore computers differ in many hardware characteristics. Software developers thus hand-tune their parallel programs for a specific platform to achieve the best performance; this is tedious and leads to non-portable code. Although the software architecture also requires adaptation to achieve best performance, it is rarely modified because of the additional implementation effort. The Tunable Architectures approach proposed in this paper automates the architecture adaptation of parallel programs and uses an auto-tuner to find the best-performing software architecture for a particular machine. We introduce a new architecture description language based on parallel patterns and a framework to express architecture variants in a generic way. Several case studies demonstrate significant performance improvements due to architecture tuning and show the applicability of our approach to industrial applications. Software developers are exposed to less parallel programming complexity, thus making the approach attractive for experts as well as inexperienced parallel programmers. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 7897 Author: Hess, Steffen, Knodel, Jens, Naab, Matthias and Trapp, Marcus Year: 2016 Title: Engineering roles for constructing ecosystems Conference Name: Proccedings of the 10th European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops Conference Location: Copenhagen, Denmark Publisher: ACM Pages: 1-4 DOI: 10.1145/2993412.3003385 Place Published: 3003385 Abstract: The digital transformation of nearly all industrial sectors leads and will lead to a disruptive change. Instead of traditional linear value chains, we will move towards networked, interconnected value creation - digital ecosystems where multiple organizations and their software systems interact with each other. We can observe an increasing number of ecosystems that strongly gain value by contributions added by other organizations. However, what does this mean for engineering skills needed to initiate and grow an ecosystem with software systems being developed, evolved and operated? In this position paper, we introduce new roles and skill profiles required for engineering software ecosystems. We derived the initial role description based on practical experiences in projects we conducted over the past five years and found these roles to be crucial for the overall success of the organization within a digital ecosystem. Key capabilities we found are strength in business and technology at the same time, the ability to think end-to-end in the ecosystem, and interdisciplinarity regarding software engineering disciplines. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8963 Author: Reith, M., Niu, J. and Winsborough, W. H. Year of Conference: 2007 Title: Engineering Trust Management into Software Models Conference Name: International Workshop on Modeling in Software Engineering (MISE'07: ICSE Workshop 2007) Pages: 9-9 Date: 20-26 May 2007 Short Title: Engineering Trust Management into Software Models ISBN: 2156-7883 DOI: 10.1109/MISE.2007.5 Keywords: authorisation program verification access control model checking nonfunctional requirement role-based trust management language software design software development software engineering software model behavior software security Application software Communication system security Engineering management Force measurement Mechanical factors Protection Software systems Transportation Abstract: Security in software is often considered a nonfunctional requirement because it is often interpreted as an emergent feature of the system. Too often it is introduced as a last- minute requirement over an otherwise completed product rather than properly integrated during the early stages of software design and development. One significant aspect of security involves access control. This paper proposes a multi-layer model detailing the integration of trust management access control with an application's model behavior. Our previous work focused on modeling the dynamic changes of a trust management policy for the purpose of verifying security properties using model checking. We are working toward integrating both the trust management policy and the mechanisms that enforce that policy for the purpose of verifying security properties. We focus on the Role-based Trust Management (RT) language and suggest concerns specific to it. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9171 Author: Wich, M. and Kramer, T. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Enhanced Human-Computer Interaction for Business Applications on Mobile Devices: A Design-Oriented Development of a Usability Evaluation Questionnaire Conference Name: 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Pages: 472-481 Date: 5-8 Jan. 2015 Short Title: Enhanced Human-Computer Interaction for Business Applications on Mobile Devices: A Design-Oriented Development of a Usability Evaluation Questionnaire ISBN: 1530-1605 DOI: 10.1109/HICSS.2015.63 Keywords: business data processing graphical user interfaces human computer interaction human factors mobile computing Web-based software tool application software artifact evaluation availability characteristics business applications computational power characteristics design science research approach design-oriented development development process high-resolution display characteristics human-computer interaction enhancement mobile business apps mobile characteristics mobile devices software design usability evaluation questionnaire usability quality user interfaces Business Context Mobile communication Smart phones Usability Design Science Human-Computer Interaction Mobile Usability Engineering Abstract: Over the last few years mobile technology has gained enormous growth in the field of human-computer interaction as it became an essential part of our society's everyday life. Specific mobile characteristics such as availability, computational power, or high-resolution displays make these devices very useful, even in a business environment. However, usability plays a crucial role when it comes to software design for human-computer interaction with mobile devices. In order to achieve a high level of usability in user interfaces of application software, it is essential to ensure usability quality during the development process. Therefore, we have developed a specific questionnaire for evaluating the usability of mobile business apps as well as a corresponding Web-based software tool for simplifying the assessment. In this paper, we follow a design science research approach and evaluate our designed artifacts in expert interviews where we demonstrate the utility and applicability of the questionnaire and tool. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9173 Author: Kumar, M., Yoo, J. and Hong, S. Year of Conference: 2009 Title: Enhancing AUTOSAR methodology to a cotsbased development process via mapping to V-Model Conference Name: 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems Pages: 50-53 Date: 8-10 July 2009 Short Title: Enhancing AUTOSAR methodology to a cotsbased development process via mapping to V-Model ISBN: 2150-3109 DOI: 10.1109/SIES.2009.5196192 Keywords: automobile industry object-oriented programming production engineering computing software architecture AUTOSAR methodology COTS components COTS-based development process Eclipse Process Framework Composer SPEM 2.0 notation V-Model automotive industry automotive software industrial exploitation open standard software development process Automotive engineering Collaboration Computer industry Computer science Electrical products industry Programming Software standards Standards development Unified modeling language AUTOSAR COTS Process Modeling SPEM component Abstract: AUTOSAR, an open standard for automotive software, is currently being exploited by the automotive industry. Although the standard mainly focuses on software architecture, it also provides a development methodology. Unfortunately, the methodology in its current form is insufficient for industrial exploitation because it describes only an incomplete set of activities, work products and their dependencies. Specifically, (1) the activities to support COTS-based development are missing even though AUTOSAR encourages the use of COTS components; (2) it does not describe the roles and their responsibilities; and (3) it does not specify the mapping of activities onto a complete process model. In this paper, we propose a new software development process for AUTOSAR by extending the existing methodology. In doing so, we add activities to allow COTS component selection, evaluation and integration. Then, we define specific roles and assign responsibilities to those roles. Finally, we describe the overall timeline of various activities in detail by mapping the activities to the V-model. In order to present the process, we have used SPEM 2.0 notation, which is backward compatible with the AUTOSAR methodology and has improved expressiveness. We have composed the proposed process model using Eclipse Process Framework Composer which not only performs a sanity check of the model but also provides a way to publish it. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9429 Author: Banks, S. B., Santos, E. and Stytz, M. R. Year of Conference: 1997 Title: Enhancing behavioral fidelity within distributed virtual environments Conference Name: Proceedings Ninth IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence Pages: 514-521 Date: 3-8 Nov 1997 Short Title: Enhancing behavioral fidelity within distributed virtual environments ISBN: 1082-3409 DOI: 10.1109/TAI.1997.632298 Keywords: computer aided instruction decision support systems distributed processing fuzzy logic fuzzy set theory inference mechanisms knowledge based systems military computing object-oriented databases training user modelling virtual reality Automated Wingman project CGF applications Common Object DataBase software architecture adaptable decision making mechanism adaptable decisions mechanisms adversarial game tree techniques battlespace behavioral fidelity complex inter entity behavioral interactions complex realistic behavior computer generated force application correct performance distributed virtual environments expandable knowledge base extensible software architecture hierarchical knowledge structure individual entity behaviors multi layered fuzzy logic controlled situational analyses skill levels training environments Aircraft Application software Computer architecture Decision making Humans Software architecture Uncertainty Virtual environment Abstract: For a computer generated force (CGF) application to be useful in training environments, it must exhibit complex, realistic behavior within the battlespace. To achieve this level of fidelity, it must operate at multiple skill levels and exhibit competency at assigned missions. CGF applications must also have adaptable decisions mechanisms and behaviors even when operating under uncertainty and the application must learn from past experience. Furthermore, simply correct performance of individual entity behaviors is not sufficient. Issues related to complex inter entity behavioral interactions, such as the need to maintain formation and share information, must also be considered. To achieve these necessary capabilities, an extensible software architecture, an expandable knowledge base, and an adaptable decision making mechanism are required. Our labs have addressed these issues in the context of the Automated Wingman (AW) project. The AW is based on fuzzy logic, the Common Object DataBase (CODE) software architecture, and hierarchical knowledge structure. Decision making is founded on multi layered, fuzzy logic controlled situational analyses combined with adversarial game tree techniques Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8363 Author: Dantas, Francisco, Garcia, Alessandro, Whittle, Jon, Jo, #227, Ara, o, #250 and jo Year: 2013 Title: Enhancing design models with composition properties: a software maintenance study Conference Name: Proceedings of the 12th annual international conference on Aspect-oriented software development Conference Location: Fukuoka, Japan Publisher: ACM Pages: 49-60 DOI: 10.1145/2451436.2451444 Place Published: 2451444 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9157 Author: Dimakis, N., Polymenakos, L. and Soldatos, J. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Enhancing Learning Experiences through Context-Aware Collaborative Services: Software Architecture and Prototype System Conference Name: 2006 Fourth IEEE International Workshop on Wireless, Mobile and Ubiquitous Technology in Education (WMTE'06) Pages: 50-57 Date: 16-17 Nov. 2006 Short Title: Enhancing Learning Experiences through Context-Aware Collaborative Services: Software Architecture and Prototype System DOI: 10.1109/WMTE.2006.261345 Keywords: computer aided instruction groupware middleware software agents software architecture agent based context-aware collaborative services context-aware computing systems educational activities learning experiences memory jog middleware architecture prototype system Application software Collaborative software Computer architecture Context modeling Context-aware services Humans Logic Software prototyping Abstract: Context-aware computing systems hold the promise of enhancing the level and quality of educational activities. However, development of such systems to provide novel educational services is still extremely challenging and requires new architectures and middleware paradigms. In this paper we present a structured, agent based, middleware architecture, able to support sophisticated context-awareness in lectures, presentations and meetings. The architecture caters for the generation of sophisticated context by employing a large set of context-acquisition components, while enabling service logic using non-trivial situation state models. Based on this architectural framework, we have developed a wide array of innovative context-aware services that can play a significant role in education. We present the most prominent of these (named 'memory jog'), which provides pertinent information and human-centric assistance to participants in lectures, presentations and meetings Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 7691 Author: Soliman, M., Riebisch, M. and Zdun, U. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Enriching Architecture Knowledge with Technology Design Decisions Conference Name: 2015 12th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 135-144 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: Enriching Architecture Knowledge with Technology Design Decisions DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2015.14 Keywords: decision making software architecture architecture knowledge approach design process software architecture design technology design decision making Computer architecture Interviews Java Usability User interfaces architectural solution architecture design decisions architecture knowledge technologies technology design decision Abstract: Decision-making is at the core of software architecture design. However, in order for the architect to take the right design decisions, assistance is required for exploring the architectural knowledge, which encompasses the various architectural solutions, their relationships and distinctions. In the past decades, the number of available technology options has increased significantly, while existing architecture knowledge approaches support technology decisions by representing relations between the different technology solutions, as well as design problems. However, they do not differentiate the candidate technologies according to their offered qualities and drawbacks. Our main goal in this exploratory study is to understand how technology solutions are being considered by the architects during the design process, and how can we enhance existing architecture knowledge concepts to support technology decision making. Our contribution in this paper is differentiating the different technology solutions' features based on a set of architecturally significant aspects, to facilitate considering technologies during the architecture design decisions. In addition, we proposed an extension for existing architecture knowledge models, which characterise the technology design decisions, and their reasoning. We evaluated our results through real examples from practitioners. Moreover, we conducted interviews with experts to validate our proposed concepts. 'File' Atttachments: internal-pdf://3926587751/2015-05-04-soliman-wicsa2015-enriching-archite.pdf Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8827 Author: Soliman, M., Riebisch, M. and Zdun, U. Year of Conference: 2015 Title: Enriching Architecture Knowledge with Technology Design Decisions Conference Name: 2015 12th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture Pages: 135-144 Date: 4-8 May 2015 Short Title: Enriching Architecture Knowledge with Technology Design Decisions DOI: 10.1109/WICSA.2015.14 Keywords: decision making software architecture architecture knowledge approach design process software architecture design technology design decision making Computer architecture Interviews Java Usability User interfaces architectural solution architecture design decisions architecture knowledge technologies technology design decision Abstract: Decision-making is at the core of software architecture design. However, in order for the architect to take the right design decisions, assistance is required for exploring the architectural knowledge, which encompasses the various architectural solutions, their relationships and distinctions. In the past decades, the number of available technology options has increased significantly, while existing architecture knowledge approaches support technology decisions by representing relations between the different technology solutions, as well as design problems. However, they do not differentiate the candidate technologies according to their offered qualities and drawbacks. Our main goal in this exploratory study is to understand how technology solutions are being considered by the architects during the design process, and how can we enhance existing architecture knowledge concepts to support technology decision making. Our contribution in this paper is differentiating the different technology solutions' features based on a set of architecturally significant aspects, to facilitate considering technologies during the architecture design decisions. In addition, we proposed an extension for existing architecture knowledge models, which characterise the technology design decisions, and their reasoning. We evaluated our results through real examples from practitioners. Moreover, we conducted interviews with experts to validate our proposed concepts. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9306 Author: Cagle, R. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Enterprise Architecture facilitates adopting Agile development methodologies into a DoD acquisition Conference Name: 2012 IEEE International Systems Conference SysCon 2012 Pages: 1-5 Date: 19-22 March 2012 Short Title: Enterprise Architecture facilitates adopting Agile development methodologies into a DoD acquisition DOI: 10.1109/SysCon.2012.6189431 Keywords: data acquisition military computing scheduling software architecture software prototyping CDR CDRL DoD acquisition process DoD acquisition waterfall lifecycle IDD JMPS PDR SAD SDD Zachman framework acquisition contract agile development methodologies contract data requirements list critical design review delivery information delivery-schedule expectation enterprise architect tool enterprise architecture interface design description joint mission planning systems living design preliminary design review software design description systems architecture description Computer architecture Contracts Schedules Testing US Department of Defense Abstract: The role of the Contract Data Requirements List [CDRL] in the DoD acquisition process is to provide the authoritative list of required artifacts for a given procurement. It forms an appendix to the acquisition contract, and includes delivery information and a schedule for each, typically mapped to milestone events such as the Preliminary Design Review [PDR] or the Critical Design Review [CDR] in the DoD Acquisition Waterfall Lifecycle. A number of CDRLs were proposed for the Joint Mission Planning Systems [JMPS] Framework, including a number of artifacts specific to the architecture and design of the application. Alignment with the DoD Acquisition Waterfall Lifecycle milestone events posed significant challenges to the program, given the contractor's proposed Agile development methodology. Many of these architectural and design documents carried a delivery-schedule expectation that placed them in conflict with the best practices and anticipated benefits of Agile, including the principle of “design only as much as is necessary to build features”. Using the Enterprise Architect tool, the contractor was able to produce a “living design” used daily by the development team, including architects, designers, developers, integrators, and testers. The tool provided capabilities that facilitated templates for various CDRLs, including the Systems Architecture Description [SAD], the Software Design Description [SDD], and the Interface Design Description [IDD], allowing on-demand generation of snapshots of the architecture and detailed design as it evolved, providing the appropriate level of documentation of the as-built system. The result better addressed the contractual intent of the CDRLs, to provide subsequent platform developers an accurate and up-to-date understanding of the architecture and design of the JMPS Framework, while better preserving the integrity of the development of the Enterprise Architecture within the selected Zachman Fram- work, and in the context of the contractor's Agile methodology. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9114 Author: Upadhyaya, B. P. Year of Conference: 2014 Title: Enterprise service delegation pattern Conference Name: 2014 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE) Pages: 117-122 Date: 1-4 June 2014 Short Title: Enterprise service delegation pattern ISBN: 2163-5137 DOI: 10.1109/ISIE.2014.6864596 Keywords: business data processing service-oriented architecture SOA business direction business management business services enterprise architecture enterprise service bus enterprise service delegation pattern hardware services information technology service oriented architecture software design pattern software services Architecture Computer architecture Organizations Simple object access protocol Abstract: Enterprise architecture is an emerging field of study. There are multiple areas that provide building blocks for this discipline including information technology and business management. Information technology plays a vital role in shaping the direction of business. In a granular level, business processes can be mapped to hardware and software automated processes. Service oriented architecture (SOA) is a popular architecture for providing business services in the form of software and hardware services. A software service can represent a business service partially or fully. Developing architectural building blocks is a common practice recommended by open group. This paper presents one such building block in the form of software design pattern. The enterprise service delegation pattern provides a structure to arbitrate service calls. This pattern is being used to construct enterprise service buses. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9280 Author: Serment, J., Espinasse, B. and Tranvouez, E. Year of Conference: 2006 Title: Environmental Decision Support System for Hydraulic Management of the Camargue: Functionalities and Software Architecture Conference Name: 2006 First International Symposium on Environment Identities and Mediterranean Area Pages: 308-313 Date: 9-12 July 2006 Short Title: Environmental Decision Support System for Hydraulic Management of the Camargue: Functionalities and Software Architecture DOI: 10.1109/ISEIMA.2006.344968 Keywords: decision support systems environmental management environmental science computing hydrological techniques software architecture water resources Camargue ecosystem decision making process environmental decision support system environmental dynamics functional modules high level architecture hydraulic management integration infrastructure water management Computer architecture Context modeling Decision making Ecosystems Project management Quality management Resource management Abstract: The complexity of environmental dynamics makes more and more difficult the decision-making process. Therefore, the environmental managers, in particular in water management, rely on Environmental Decision Support Systems (EDSS) to help them. This paper defines the major generic functionalities of EDSS and the specific functionalities for an EDSS dedicated to the hydraulic management of the Camargue ecosystem. For this specific EDSS, a software architecture performing these functionalities is also proposed. Composed of functional modules and of an integration infrastructure inspired by HLA (High Level Architecture), this architecture would be reusable for development of other specific EDSS. Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9188 Author: Erdemir, U., Tekin, U. and Buzluca, F. Year of Conference: 2011 Title: E-Quality: A graph based object oriented software quality visualization tool Conference Name: 2011 6th International Workshop on Visualizing Software for Understanding and Analysis (VISSOFT) Pages: 1-8 Date: 29-30 Sept. 2011 Short Title: E-Quality: A graph based object oriented software quality visualization tool DOI: 10.1109/VISSOF.2011.6069454 Keywords: data visualisation graph theory object-oriented methods software maintenance software metrics software quality software tools E-Quality complex software system comprehension complex software system refactoring graph based object oriented software quality visualization tool graph-based interactive visual environment level categorization maintenance costs opportunity refactoring quality improvement activities quality improvement metrics quantitative measurement software design flaw detection software design quality Color Complexity theory Couplings Layout Measurement Software Visualization Design Flaw Detection Design Patterns Eclipse Object-Oriented Metrics Refactoring Software Visualization Abstract: Recently, with increasing maintenance costs, studies on software quality are becoming increasingly important and widespread because high quality software means more easily maintainable software. Measurement plays a key role in quality improvement activities and metrics are the quantitative measurement of software design quality. In this paper, we introduce a graph based object-oriented software quality visualization tool called "E-Quality". E-Quality automatically extracts quality metrics and class relations from Java source code and visualizes them on a graph-based interactive visual environment. This visual environment effectively simplifies comprehension and refactoring of complex software systems. Our approach assists developers in understanding of software quality attributes by level categorization and intuitive visualization techniques. Experimental results show that the tool can be used to detect software design flaws and refactoring opportunities. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8297 Author: Santoro, Corrado Year: 2007 Title: An erlang framework for autonomous mobile robots Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2007 SIGPLAN workshop on ERLANG Workshop Conference Location: Freiburg, Germany Publisher: ACM Pages: 85-92 DOI: 10.1145/1292520.1292533 Place Published: 1292533 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8525 Author: Forzieri, Giovanni, Battistini, Alessandro and Catani, Filippo Year: 2012 Title: ES4LUCC: A GIS-tool for remotely monitoring landscape dynamics Journal: Computers & Geosciences Volume: 49 Pages: 72-80 Date: 12// Short Title: ES4LUCC: A GIS-tool for remotely monitoring landscape dynamics ISSN: 0098-3004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.06.016 Keywords: Environmental monitoring Classification Change detection Remote sensing ENVI IDL ArcGIS Abstract: Given the potential impacts of land cover changes on surface processes, accurate mapping of landscape dynamics is a crucial task in environmental monitoring. The use of commercial software for remote sensing of landscape changes requires appropriate expertise in sensor technology and computing resources that are not always available to decision makers. This paper presents the development of an experimental prototype of a lightweight and user-friendly GIS tool – ES4LUCC – a semiautomatic software for change detection and classification of land use/cover. The tool is based on image processing techniques applied on multi-temporal remotely sensed spectral and surface model data. The GIS-based tiling approach allows to non-specialists of remote sensing to manage high-dimensional data even from low performance computing platforms. The paper synthesizes the implemented digital image processing that form the basis of ES4LUCC, including data correction, classification and change detection, map refinements. It also describes the software architecture, the main IDL modules and the integration with GIS through a tight coupling approach and.dll calling functions. The main modelling process is controlled through a powerful GUI developed as part of the ArcMap component of ESRI ArcGIS. The software is tested by using bi-temporal color-infrared ADS40 and Light detection and ranging data acquired on a 80-km transect of the Marecchia river (Italy). The outputs of ES4LUCC give an understanding of the natural- and human-induced surface processes, such as urban planning, agricultural and forest practices, fluvial dynamics and slope instability. The model provides reliable maps (90.77% overall classification accuracy) that represent useful layers for environmental landscape management. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098300412002117 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8144 Author: Yin, B. H. and Winchester, J. W. Year: 1978 Title: The establishment and use of measures to evaluate the quality of software designs Journal: SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev. Volume: 7 Issue: 3-4 Pages: 45-52 Short Title: The establishment and use of measures to evaluate the quality of software designs ISSN: 0163-5999 DOI: 10.1145/1007775.811099 Legal Note: 811099 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8145 Author: Yin, B. H. and Winchester, J. W. Year: 1978 Title: The establishment and use of measures to evaluate the quality of software designs Conference Name: Proceedings of the software quality assurance workshop on Functional and performance issues Publisher: ACM Pages: 45-52 DOI: 10.1145/800283.811099 Place Published: 811099 Abstract: It has been recognized that success in producing designs that realize reliable software, even using Structured Design, is intimately dependent on the experience level of the designer. The gap in this methodology is the absence of easily applied quantitative measures of quality that ease the dependence of reliable systems on the rare availability of expert designers. Several metrics have been devised which, when applied to design structure charts, can pinpoint sections of a design that may cause problems during coding, debugging, integration, and modification. These metrics can help provide an independent, unbiased evaluation of design quality. These metrics have been validated against program error data of two recently completed software projects at Hughes. The results indicate that the metrics can provide a predictive measure of program errors experienced during program development. Guidelines for interpreting the design metric values are summarized and a brief description of an interactive structure chart graphics system to simplify metric value calculation is presented. Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8146 Author: Yin, B. H. and Winchester, J. W. Year: 1978 Title: The establishment and use of measures to evaluate the quality of software designs Journal: SIGSOFT Softw. Eng. Notes Volume: 3 Issue: 5 Pages: 45-52 Short Title: The establishment and use of measures to evaluate the quality of software designs ISSN: 0163-5948 DOI: 10.1145/953579.811099 Legal Note: 811099 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 9068 Author: Demin, A. Year of Conference: 2001 Title: Estimation of program's quality on the base their structural-graphic representation Conference Name: 5th Korea-Russia International Symposium on Science and Technology. Proceedings. KORUS 2001 (Cat. No.01EX478) Volume: 1 Pages: 95-98 vol.1 Date: 26 Jun-3 Jul 2001 Short Title: Estimation of program's quality on the base their structural-graphic representation DOI: 10.1109/KORUS.2001.975066 Keywords: data flow graphs diagrams parallel programming software quality trees (mathematics) complexity connection data-flow graph level-parallel form logic structure complexity nested structures parallel program program flow diagram software certification software design structural graphic representation trees Annealing Bayesian methods Certification Convergence Design methodology Graphics Image reconstruction Image restoration Abstract: One of problems of software design is the estimation of quality of the designed programs. Also estimation of quality of the programs is a major problem of software certification. Currently, in addition to the expert methods of quality estimation automatic methods are designed. These methods estimate the quality by using the complexity criterion of the programs. The integrated estimation of complexity uses three measures: nested structures, connection, and complexity of logic structure. To estimate using these measures the structural-graphic representation of the programs is used. To estimate the complexity the author uses the representation of the programs as a set of interrelated trees, data-flow graphs (DFG) and program flow diagrams. To obtain these estimations the special coefficients are introduced. The representation of the programs as DFGs allows to solve the problem of parallelization of the program on storage Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8051 Author: Noppen, Joost and Tamzalit, Dalila Year: 2010 Title: ETAK: tailoring architectural evolution by (re-)using architectural knowledge Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Sharing and Reusing Architectural Knowledge Conference Location: Cape Town, South Africa Publisher: ACM Pages: 21-28 DOI: 10.1145/1833335.1833339 Place Published: 1833339 Abstract: When an architect is faced with architectural evolution needs, he can opt to apply an existing evolution pattern. This is useful for well-known evolutions but at times is only partly sufficient. When he faces more specific evolutions, the architect needs to rely on expertise and intuition to extend the evolution beyond the pattern, a risky, error-prone evolution activity. In particular when the architect wants to assess the relevance of potential evolutions, he has no systematic assistance for analysing architectural knowledge. We propose ETAK as a framework for providing such automated assistance. ETAK allows the architect to define architectural traits he has in mind and the specific architectural knowledge he wants to consider. ETAK establishes the relevance of these traits for the new architecture, which can be used to decide whether to include them. We thus propose tailored architectural evolutions, drawing on intuition of the architect and architectural knowledge. Notes: tool support Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8623 Author: Thomson, Alan J. and Schmoldt, Daniel L. Year: 2001 Title: Ethics in computer software design and development Journal: Computers and Electronics in Agriculture Volume: 30 Issue: 1–3 Pages: 85-102 Date: 2// Short Title: Ethics in computer software design and development ISSN: 0168-1699 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00158-7 Keywords: Ethics Software design and development Traditional ecological knowledge Indigenous knowledge Intellectual property Information ecologies Abstract: Over the past 20 years, computer software has become integral and commonplace for operational and management tasks throughout agricultural and natural resource disciplines. During this software infusion, however, little thought has been afforded human impacts, both good and bad. This paper examines current ethical issues of software system design and development in relation to privacy, accuracy, property, accessibility, and effects on quality of life. These issues are explored in the context of simulation models, databases, geographic information systems and artificial intelligence programs, especially expert systems. New approaches to system development place a much higher emphasis on the effects of system deployment within a complex human environment. Software design decisions often depend on more than one ethical issue, possibly conflicting, where the appropriate ethical choice is not always clear cut. Professional codes of ethics do little to change peoples’ behavior; rather, incentives for using an ethical approach to software development may lie in significantly increased likelihood of system success. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168169900001587 Reference Type: Journal Article Record Number: 8526 Author: Sheppard, Stephen R. J. and Cizek, Petr Year: 2009 Title: The ethics of Google Earth: Crossing thresholds from spatial data to landscape visualisation Journal: Journal of Environmental Management Volume: 90 Issue: 6 Pages: 2102-2117 Date: 5// Short Title: The ethics of Google Earth: Crossing thresholds from spatial data to landscape visualisation ISSN: 0301-4797 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.09.012 Keywords: Visualisation Virtual globes Ethics GIS Land use planning Participatory decision-making Public policy Spatial data Landscape perception Abstract: ‘Virtual globe’ software systems such as Google Earth are growing rapidly in popularity as a way to visualise and share 3D environmental data. Scientists and environmental professionals, many of whom are new to 3D modeling and visual communications, are beginning routinely to use such techniques in their work. While the appeal of these techniques is evident, with unprecedented opportunities for public access to data and collaborative engagement over the web, are there nonetheless risks in their widespread usage when applied in areas of the public interest such as planning and policy-making? This paper argues that the Google Earth phenomenon, which features realistic imagery of places, cannot be dealt with only as a question of spatial data and geographic information science. The virtual globe type of visualisation crosses several key thresholds in communicating scientific and environmental information, taking it well beyond the realm of conventional spatial data and geographic information science, and engaging more complex dimensions of human perception and aesthetic preference. The realism, perspective views, and social meanings of the landscape visualisations embedded in virtual globes invoke not only cognition but also emotional and intuitive responses, with associated issues of uncertainty, credibility, and bias in interpreting the imagery. This paper considers the types of risks as well as benefits that may exist with participatory uses of virtual globes by experts and lay-people. It is illustrated with early examples from practice and relevant themes from the literature in landscape visualisation and related disciplines such as environmental psychology and landscape planning. Existing frameworks and principles for the appropriate use of environmental visualisation methods are applied to the special case of widely accessible, realistic 3D and 4D visualisation systems such as Google Earth, in the context of public awareness-building and agency decision-making on environmental issues. Relevant principles are suggested which lend themselves to much-needed evaluation of risks and benefits of virtual globe systems. Possible approaches for balancing these benefits and risks include codes of ethics, software design, and metadata templates. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479708001151 Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8299 Author: Liu, Sandy, Liang, Yong and Brooks, Martin Year: 2007 Title: Eucalyptus: a web service-enabled e-infrastructure Conference Name: Proceedings of the 2007 conference of the center for advanced studies on Collaborative research Conference Location: Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada Publisher: IBM Corp. Pages: 1-11 DOI: 10.1145/1321211.1321213 Place Published: 1321213 Reference Type: Conference Proceedings Record Number: 8975 Author: Messnarz, R., Ekert, D., Reiner, M. and Sicilia, M. A. Year of Conference: 2012 Title: Europe wide industry certification using standard procedures based on ISO 17024 Conference Name: 2012 Technologies Applied to Electronics Teaching (TAEE) Pages: 342-347 Date: 13-15 June 2012 Short Title: Europe wide industry certification using standard procedures based on ISO 17024 DOI: 10.1109/TAEE.2012.6235462 Keywords: ISO standards certification computer based training continuing professional development educational institutions job specification unemployment DEUCERT Dissemination of EU Certification ECQA members EQN EU Cert Campus EU Certificates Campus EU funded projects European Certification and Qualification Association European Quality Network European Union European industry European projects European universities ISO 17024 standard PAC project educational demographic problem human resource managers industry certification industry educational partnerships job professions job role-based qualification training multinational companies online services online training person certification skills assessment skills browsing skills sets training demographic problem university PhD programs work place Europe Industries Qualifications Standards Training European certification strategy European exam systems European leraning portals European qualification standards Abstract: ECQA (European Certification and Qualification Association) is the result of a series of EU funded projects from 2005-2012. This included European projects such as EQN (European Quality Network, 2005-2007), EU Certificates Campus (2008-2009) and DEUCERT (Dissemination of EU Certification), the ECQA nowadays acts as an organization that is independent from funding. The members of ECQA are widely spread all over Europe and vary from universities to companies as well as individuals. ECQA is aimed at a demographic problem of education and training in the European Union. For people at 40-50 it is many years ago that they attended the university and required skills nowadays are changing every 2-3 years. This means that their skills get outdated and we experience in Europe a growing unemployment from the age of 45 upwards. Universities in Europe are currently not addressing this problem. EQN developed a so called role based qualification concept where e.g. an existing software engineer (who studied informatics some 15 years ago) can identify job roles to upgrade so that he remains a value for the organization. He might receive additional industry qualification for e.g. a safety architect (additionally learning how to enrich existing software architecture with functional safety aspects). This way the person, would for instance, grow into a safety architect position and a younger person who knows more about new programming techniques gets his old position. EQN then developed certification mechanisms for this role based approach for university and industry educational partnerships. EU Cert Campus collected about 15 job roles, structured the corresponding skills sets and established online services. The online services comprise skills browsing, skills assessment, and online training. So people from industry can attend job role based qualification training from the work place. DEUCERT established ambassadors for this new job role based qualification concept Europe and worldwid- . DEUCERT also helped to create a critical mass of partners. At the moment we do have 26 job professions (ready and in progress) that are certified all over Europe and already outside of the European Union. The concept is meanwhile supported by approx. 60 universities and training bodies in Europe. Human resource managers from leading multinational companies called ECQA “a success story” because so far the universities in Europe do not address the mentioned demographic problem and ECQA has already achieved more than 11000 online trainings and more than 6600 certificates in European industry and at university PhD programs. The processes of the ECQA are mapped onto the ISO 17024 international standard for the certification of persons. The PAC project will integrate further skills sets and certification options into the ECQA platform. Reference Type: Conference Paper Record Number: 8265 Author: Dew, Kristin, Turner, Anne M., Desai, Loma, Martin, Nathalie and Kirchhoff, Katrin Year: 2015 Title: Evaluating Groupware Prototypes with Discount Methods Conference Name: Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference Companion on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing Conference Location: Vancouver, BC, Canada Publisher: ACM Pages: 183-186 DOI: 10.1145